刚刚，2023考研国家线公布
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🤔️小作业：
1. vent是什么意思？
2. hit a bump in the road是什么意思？
3. How to Offer Encouragement to Someone Who Has Failed an Exam or Test?
无注释原文：
How to Offer Encouragement to Someone Who Has Failed an Exam or Test
From: wikiHow
Failing an exam can make someone feel really bad about themselves, not to mention embarrassed. But there are lots of ways you can encourage and help someone who has failed! Help them deal with their feelings about the failure by reminding them that everyone fails sometimes, and this one failure doesn't define them. You can also help them figure out how to do better next time. Encourage them to find a tutor, help them create a new study space, or share your own studying strategies.
Method 1: Helping Them Deal with the Failure
1 Let them vent. Sometimes they'll just need to be upset, or complain about the exam or the class. That's okay! Listen quietly, letting them get all of their emotions out about the failure.
Ask them to tell you how they feel, and let them talk as long as they need to. You can say something like "Tell me how you're feeling about it. I'm here to listen as long as you need me."
2 Tell them that this failure does not define them. A lot of people who fail an exam might think that failing an exam makes them a failure at life. Tell them it was one exam, in one class. It doesn't mean that they are a failure at life, and it doesn't even mean they can't be successful in the rest of the course.
You can say "I know it feels like you'll never get past this, but you will. Failing this one test doesn't mean that you're a failure. It just means you hit a bump in the road."
3 Offer them positive examples. Right after you've failed an exam, it's easy to feel like you'll never do anything well again. If you know someone who has failed the same test or exam (or a similar one), but then became successful, tell them about it! It can remind them that good things will happen again, too.
For example, say something like "You know how everyone talks about how John is the most successful alumnus we've got? Well, he failed this exact same exam. And he still did great!"
4 Suggest that they take a break. After failing a test, some people feel like they have to immediately begin studying again. Instead, suggest that they take a bit of a break, even if it's just for a day. Suggest they take a walk outside, or even focus on chores at home. A break can be good for their mental health.
Say something like, "How about we go for a walk? It'll get your mind off of things and let you recharge a little bit."
5 Remind them that everyone fails at some point. Failing an exam might be especially hard for someone who has never failed one before. Remind them that everyone fails at some point, even if they don't talk about it. They're only human, and humans fail!
You can say something like "Everyone fails. There's people in this class who have failed an exam. It happens to everyone at some point, and you can get through it!"
6 Don't make fun of them. Failing a test can be a seriously demoralizing thing. And even if they seem okay about it, they might be hiding how they really feel. Don't make fun of them for failing, or compare their score to yours.
Method 2: Offering Them Ways Forward
1 Help them figure out new ways to study. Ask how long they studied, how often they took notes in class, and if they ever felt like they weren't doing enough. Help them look up studying strategies on websites like Princeton Review, and select strategies they haven't tried before. Using a new strategy can yield different results.
Share strategies that you find successful. For instance, if you always use flashcards, you can show them how you organize your notes into flashcards.
2 Suggest they set a time limit on their reaction. It can be really easy to obsess over a failure for days or even weeks. Suggest they give themselves a certain amount of time – say, 24 hours – to react however they want. Then suggest that once that timeframe is over, they focus on moving forward.
3 Help them create a new study space. Ask them where they study. If it's usually somewhere loud, with lots of distractions, offer to help them create a new space. Choose a quiet corner of their home to set up a desk and chair. Or help them scope out quiet coffee shops.
4 Suggest a tutor. Some people simply need help learning how to study or learning certain material, and that's okay. Suggest to the person who has failed that a tutor might give them the boost they need.
You can suggest they look for tutor services at their school, or through websites.
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注：中文文本为wikiHow官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
How to Offer Encouragement to Someone Who Has Failed an Exam or Test
如何鼓励考试失利的人
From: wikiHow
Failing an exam can make someone feel really bad about themselves, not to mention embarrassed. But there are lots of ways you can encourage and help someone who has failed! Help them deal with their feelings about the failure by reminding them that everyone fails sometimes, and this one failure doesn't define them. You can also help them figure out how to do better next time. Encourage them to find a tutor, help them create a new study space, or share your own studying strategies.
考试失利会让人自我感觉很糟糕，更别提有多尴尬了。不过有很多方法可以鼓励和帮助那些考试失利的人！提醒他们每个人都会有失败，一次失败并不能决定什么，这样能帮助他们缓解失败的情绪。你还可以帮他们想办法如何在下次做得更好。鼓励他们找一位家教，帮他们建立一个新的学习空间，或者分享你自己的学习方法。
embarrassed
表示“窘迫的，尴尬的；害羞的”，英文解释为“feeling ashamed or shy”举个🌰：
I was too embarrassed to admit that I was scared. 我不好意思承认我给吓坏了。
Method 1: Helping Them Deal with the Failure 帮他们应对失败
1 Let them vent. Sometimes they'll just need to be upset, or complain about the exam or the class. That's okay! Listen quietly, letting them get all of their emotions out about the failure.
让他们发泄出来。有时他们只需要难过一会儿，或者抱怨下考试，吐槽下课堂。这都没关系的！安静地听着，让他们把失败的情绪都发泄出来。
vent
vent /vent/ 表示“发泄，表达（负面的情绪）”，英文解释为“to express a negative emotion in a forceful and often unfair way”举个🌰：
I didn't mean to upset anyone, I just needed to vent. 我没想要针对任何人，我只是想发泄一下。
Ask them to tell you how they feel, and let them talk as long as they need to. You can say something like "Tell me how you're feeling about it. I'm here to listen as long as you need me."
让他们跟你说说自己的感受，想说多久说多久。你可以说“跟我说说吧。要是你需要倾述，我很乐意听一听。”
2 Tell them that this failure does not define them. A lot of people who fail an exam might think that failing an exam makes them a failure at life. Tell them it was one exam, in one class. It doesn't mean that they are a failure at life, and it doesn't even mean they can't be successful in the rest of the course.
告诉他们，这次失败并不能决定太多的东西。很多考试失败的人可能会觉得，考试失败就代表人生也失败了。告诉他们这只是班上的一场考试而已。这并不代表他们的人生就失败了，甚至不意味着他们在其他考试中也会失败。
You can say "I know it feels like you'll never get past this, but you will. Failing this one test doesn't mean that you're a failure. It just means you hit a bump in the road."
你可以说：“我知道你可能感觉永远都过不了这关了，不过最终会过去的。一场考试失败并不意味着你是一个失败者。这只能说明你在路上摔了一跤而已。”
bump
bump /bʌmp/ 1）表示“隆起；凸块；肿块”，英文解释为“a round, raised area on a surface or on the body”，a bump in the road 路面上的凸块，举个🌰：
Her bicycle hit a bump in the road and threw her off. 自行车撞上了路上的一个鼓包，她摔了下来。
2）表示“增加”，英文解释为“an increase in something”举个🌰：
There had been a bump in the number of students with learning disorders. 有学习障碍的学生数量增加了。
hit a bump in the road，可以指遇到问题，挫折（A temporary problem, a small setback）
3 Offer them positive examples. Right after you've failed an exam, it's easy to feel like you'll never do anything well again. If you know someone who has failed the same test or exam (or a similar one), but then became successful, tell them about it! It can remind them that good things will happen again, too.
给他们列举一些积极的例子。刚考砸了一场考试的人，很容易会觉得自己再也做不好任何事情了。如果你认识某个人曾经也没有通过考试（或类似的考试），但之后取得了成功，可以跟他们说说这样的例子！让他们知道好事还是会再次发生的。
For example, say something like "You know how everyone talks about how John is the most successful alumnus we've got? Well, he failed this exact same exam. And he still did great!"
比如可以这样说：“你知道大家都在说张三是我们学校最成功的校友吧？不过他之前也没通过这门考试哦。你看他现在仍然很成功！”
alumnus
📍alumnus /əˈlʌm.nəs/ 表示“男校友；男毕业生；校友”，英文解释为“a former male student of a school, college or university；someone who has left a school, college, or university after finishing their studies there”，复数：alumni /əˈlʌmnaɪ/
📍alumna /əˈlʌm.nə/ 表示“女校友；女毕业生”，英文解释为“a former woman student of a school, college or university”，复数：alumnae /əˈlʌmniː/
4 Suggest that they take a break. After failing a test, some people feel like they have to immediately begin studying again. Instead, suggest that they take a bit of a break, even if it's just for a day. Suggest they take a walk outside, or even focus on chores at home. A break can be good for their mental health.
建议他们休息一下。考试失败后，有些人会觉得必须要马上开始学习。这时候可以建议他们休息一下，哪怕是半天也行。建议他们外出散散步，或者干脆在家专心做做家务。休息一下有益于他们的心理健康。
chore
chore /tʃɔːr/ 表示“日常琐事；杂务；乏味的例行工作”，英文解释为“a job or piece of work that is often boring or unpleasant but needs to be done regularly”举个🌰：
I'll go shopping when I've done my chores (= done the jobs in or around the house). 我把家务琐事干完后要去购物。
Say something like, "How about we go for a walk? It'll get your mind off of things and let you recharge a little bit."
可以这样说：“我们去散散步怎么样？让你的大脑放松一下，什么也别想，重新充充电。”
5 Remind them that everyone fails at some point. Failing an exam might be especially hard for someone who has never failed one before. Remind them that everyone fails at some point, even if they don't talk about it. They're only human, and humans fail!
提醒他们每个人都有失败的时候。对于从来没有经历过失败的人来说，考试失利可能是一件特别难以接受的事。即使他们自己闭口不谈，你也要提醒他们每个人都有失败的时候。他们也只是普通人，是人都会遭遇失败！
You can say something like "Everyone fails. There's people in this class who have failed an exam. It happens to everyone at some point, and you can get through it!"
你可以这么说：“每个人都会有失败。班上有人也曾经考试不及格。每个人都会这样的时候，你一定能挺过去的！”
6 Don't make fun of them. Failing a test can be a seriously demoralizing thing. And even if they seem okay about it, they might be hiding how they really feel. Don't make fun of them for failing, or compare their score to yours.
不要取笑他们。考试失败可能让人感觉备受打击。就算他们看起来没什么事，也可能是在隐藏自己的真实感受。不要取笑他们，也不要把他们的分数拿来跟自己的比较。
demoralize
demoralize /dɪˈmɒr.ə.laɪz/ 表示“使泄气，使垂头丧气”，英文解释为“to make someone or something feel much less confident”举个🌰：
Losing several games in a row had completely demoralized the team. 连续输掉数场比赛使全队上下彻底泄了气。
Method 2: Offering Them Ways Forward 指明前行的道路
1 Help them figure out new ways to study. Ask how long they studied, how often they took notes in class, and if they ever felt like they weren't doing enough. Help them look up studying strategies on websites like Princeton Review, and select strategies they haven't tried before. Using a new strategy can yield different results.
帮他们找出新的学习方法。问问他们学习了多长时间，在课堂上做笔记的频率如何，还有他们是否觉得自己做得还不够。帮他们在网上找找学习策略，试试以前没用过的方法。新的策略会产生不同的结果。
yield
1）表示“出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）；提供”，英文解释为“to produce or provide sth, for example a profit, result or crop”举个🌰：
Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns. 高利率的存款会产生丰厚的收益。
2）yield /jiːld/ 表示“（常指被迫）放弃，让出”，英文解释为“to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to”举个🌰：
Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not yield. 尽管有新的压力要求放弃被占领的土地，他们就是不愿屈服。
Share strategies that you find successful. For instance, if you always use flashcards, you can show them how you organize your notes into flashcards.
分享你觉得很有用的策略。例如，假设你经常用闪视卡片，可以给他们看看你是如何把笔记整理成闪视卡片的。
flash card
flash card /ˈflæʃ ˌkɑːd/ 表示“（上有单词或图片的）教学卡片；抽认卡”，英文解释为“a card with a word or picture on it that is used to help students learn”
2 Suggest they set a time limit on their reaction. It can be really easy to obsess over a failure for days or even weeks. Suggest they give themselves a certain amount of time – say, 24 hours – to react however they want. Then suggest that once that timeframe is over, they focus on moving forward.
建议他们给情绪处理设置一个时间限制。很多人可能会一连几天甚至几周都纠结于自己的失败。建议他们给自己设定一个确定的期限，比如24小时，在此期间可以尽情地发泄自己的情绪。而时间一过，就要专注向前了。
obsess
表示“（使）着迷；（使）困扰；（使）牵挂；（使）萦回于心”，英文解释为“if something or someone obsesses you, you think or worry about them all the time and you cannot think about anything else – used to show disapproval”，用法：be obsessed by / with sth. / sb.，举个🌰：
The whole relationship obsessed me for years. 这一关系多年来一直困扰着我。
She used to obsess about her weight. 她过去总是过分在意自己的体重。
time frame
表示“（安排进行某活动的）时间框架，时间范围”，英文解释为“a period of days, weeks, months, etc. within which an activity is intended to happen”举个🌰：
Have you set a time frame for completing the job? 你给这项工作定完成时限了吗？
3 Help them create a new study space. Ask them where they study. If it's usually somewhere loud, with lots of distractions, offer to help them create a new space. Choose a quiet corner of their home to set up a desk and chair. Or help them scope out quiet coffee shops.
帮他们创造一个新的学习空间。问问他们在哪里学习。如果是在环境嘈杂，容易分散注意力的地方，就帮他们创造一个新的空间。在他们家中选择一个安静的角落放置桌椅，或者找找安静的咖啡馆。
distraction
表示“分心的事；分散注意力的东西”，英文解释为“something that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else”举个🌰：
I can turn the television off if you find it a distraction. 如果你觉得电视让你思想无法集中，我可以关掉。
scope sth/sb out
表示“仔细观察（看某事物／某人是否有趣或具吸引力）”，英文解释为“to look carefully to see if something or someone is interesting or attractive”举个🌰：
We scoped out the local area to see if it would be a good place to rent a flat. 我们仔细观察了一下附近地区，看是否适于在那里租房住。
4 Suggest a tutor. Some people simply need help learning how to study or learning certain material, and that's okay. Suggest to the person who has failed that a tutor might give them the boost they need.
建议找一位家教。有些人只是需要有人指导他们该怎么学习，或者学习特定的内容，这也是可以的。可以向他们建议，找个家教也许能帮到他们。
You can suggest they look for tutor services at their school, or through websites.
你可以建议他们在学校里或家教网站上找找家教服务。
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