钱辈请和我交往
正月初五迎财神，刚好赶上情人节。那么，钱辈，请和我交往吧！
🤔️小作业：
1. How does the article suggest managing the budget for discretionary spending?
A) By allocating a fixed percentage of income regardless of expenses.
B) By saving all discretionary income for future investments.
C) By avoiding any form of discretionary spending.
D) By spending the majority of what's left after essential expenses on treats and charitable donations.
无注释原文：
Trick Your Brain Into Being Better With Money
From: The Wall Street Journal
The human brain isn’t very good with money.
Altering our habits and attitudes around money requires a little brain training and putting up some guardrails, behavioral scientists said.
First, acknowledge that having money trouble isn’t a personal shortcoming, said Wendy De La Rosa, a professor at Penn’s Wharton business school.
“Our brains are fundamentally not wired to make the decisions that we’re asking ourselves to make,” she said. “You’re asking a single individual to stand up against a whole host of organizations who are incentivized to get you to part with your money as quickly as possible.”
Simplify your bills
Big payoffs come from making one-time decisions right now that will streamline your finances in the future, said Abigail Sussman, a professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
One of her recommendations is to reschedule the timing of your recurring bills so that they are all due at the same time of the month, perhaps shortly after a paycheck hits your account. You can often request a new due date from your credit-card company, cable provider and other billers.
This practice reduces the chance of forgetting to make a payment and frees up some of your finite mental bandwidth to handle other things.
Set a financial health day
Adjusting your finances takes time. So schedule it.
Use that day to tackle tasks such as canceling a subscription you don’t use anymore or closing an account that has been hitting you with fees.
If a whole day of financial chores feels overwhelming, take 15 minutes a day to cross one item off your to-do list, said Bari Tessler, a financial therapist, who refers to these sessions as “money dates.”
“Ritualize it, make it creative, sit down, light a candle,” Tessler said. If you feel anxious during these activities, go for a quick walk or find something that will ease the tension.
Make spending hurt
Upfront fixes have some power to improve your financial life, but making smarter decisions about spending is an ongoing challenge.
It can be too easy to buy a pint of ice cream or a flat-screen TV. Making yourself more aware when money is leaving your wallet helps people spend less, said Scott Rick, an associate professor of marketing at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business. He calls these actions “psychological speed bumps” that can protect you from overspending.
Other favors you can do yourself while shopping online are installing an ad blocker so that tempting products don’t follow you around the internet, and designating one day of the week as a time to make all of your purchases. In the preceding days, keep a list of everything you plan to buy so that you can reflect more on what you actually want.
For in-person transactions, you can make spending more painful by asking for a receipt. Getting a physical one makes it easier to register how much you are spending in the moment, Rick said.
Sweeten the small stuff
Restricting yourself from purchases that you enjoy can create unnecessary guilt and lead to more stress.
“You’re not going to become rich by not buying lattes,” Rick said. “Don’t beat yourself up over these little things that might actually be important for your mental well-being.”
See how much money you have left each month, Rick says, after accounting for monthly bills, retirement contributions, emergency savings and coming savings goals. Then the fun part: Spend the majority of the remainder on treats, anything that might make your life easier, or donations to charity.
And just because something is bought on a whim doesn’t mean it is a bad purchase, Rick said. Research also shows that budgeting too far in advance can lead to overspending. That is because the discomfort of limiting your spending with a budget fades over time. It is better to make such commitments closer to the fact.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
训练大脑财商的四个小技巧
Trick Your Brain Into Being Better With Money
From: The Wall Street Journal
The human brain isn’t very good with money.
人类的大脑不太擅长处理金钱问题。
Altering our habits and attitudes around money requires a little brain training and putting up some guardrails, behavioral scientists said.
行为科学家表示，想要改变我们在金钱方面的习惯和态度，需要对大脑进行一些训练并设置一些防护围栏。
guardrail
guard rail /ˈɡɑːd ˌreɪl/ 表示“护栏，扶栏”，英文解释为“a bar along the edge of something steep, such as stairs or a cliff, to prevent people from falling off”
First, acknowledge that having money trouble isn’t a personal shortcoming, said Wendy De La Rosa, a professor at Penn’s Wharton business school.
首先，你要承认这一点：在金钱方面存在问题并不是一种个人缺点，宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院（Wharton business school）的教授温迪·德拉罗萨（Wendy De La Rosa）表示。
“Our brains are fundamentally not wired to make the decisions that we’re asking ourselves to make,” she said. “You’re asking a single individual to stand up against a whole host of organizations who are incentivized to get you to part with your money as quickly as possible.”
“从根本上说，我们的大脑生来无法作出我们要求自己作出的决定，”她说。“你这是在要求一个人站出来对抗一大群组织，这些组织受到某些因素激励，想你尽快花掉你的钱。”
be wired to
表示“与生俱来，生来……；天生，自然就会”，英文解释为“used to say that someone does or does not have a natural tendency to behave in a certain way, to like something, etc.”
📍2017年考研英语（二）阅读真题中有这么一句话：Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. 婴儿天生会靠观察父母的面孔来理解世界，如果父母面无表情、毫无反应——当他们沉浸于电子设备时经常会这样——这会让孩子们感到非常不安。
类似的：
📍hard-wired表示“天生的，固有的；（能力、方法、活动类型等）基本固定的”，英文解释为“If an ability, approach, or type of activity is hardwired into the brain, it is a basic one and cannot be changed.”举个🌰：Others think that the rules for what is "musical" are hardwired in our brains to some degree. 其他人认为，我们的大脑对什么东西是“悦耳的”在某种程度上有其内在的标准。
📍he和be到底是什么意思？文中提到：This shows that the attraction to the final moments of an experience is hard wired in our brains, said the study, which was published in the Journal Of Neuroscience. 这项研究发表在《神经科学杂志》上，它表明，对经验的最后时刻的吸引在我们的大脑中是天生固有的。
incentivize
英式 incentivise 美式 incentivize /ɪnˈsen.tɪ.vaɪz/ 表示“刺激，激励”，英文解释为“to make someone want to do something”举个🌰：We need to incentivize our sales managers to achieve these targets. 我们需要激励我们的销售经理实现这些目标。
Simplify your bills 简化你的账单
Big payoffs come from making one-time decisions right now that will streamline your finances in the future, said Abigail Sussman, a professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
现在作出的某些一次性决定将简化你未来的财务状况，从而带来巨大的回报，芝加哥大学布斯商学院（University of Chicago Booth School of Business）的教授阿比盖尔·苏斯曼（Abigail Sussman）表示。
payoff
payoff /ˈpeɪ.ɒf/ 1）表示“（一系列行动的）结果，成果；（…结束时的）解释；（某行动的）收益”，英文解释为“the result of a set of actions, or an explanation at the end of something”举个🌰：The payoff for years of research is a microscope that` performs better than all of its competitors. 多年研究所得的成果是一架性能超过所有竞争对手的显微镜。
2）表示“封口钱，贿赂款”，英文解释为“money paid to someone, especially so that they do not cause trouble or so that they will do what you want”
streamline
streamline /ˈstriːm.laɪn/ 表示“（常通过简化办事程序）使（机构）效率更高；简化”，英文解释为“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”举个🌰：The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company. 削减开支的措施包括简化公司的行政管理程序。
One of her recommendations is to reschedule the timing of your recurring bills so that they are all due at the same time of the month, perhaps shortly after a paycheck hits your account. You can often request a new due date from your credit-card company, cable provider and other billers.
她的建议之一是重新安排经常性账单的付款时间，让它们全部在每月的同一时间到期，也许可以选在你的薪水到账后不久。你通常可以要求信用卡公司、有线电视供应商和其他账单机构设定新的到期日。
paycheck
paycheck /ˈpeɪ.tʃek/ 表示“工资支票；工薪；工资”，英文解释为“the amount of money a person earns”举个🌰：It's easy to go on expensive holidays when you have a paycheck the size of hers. 如果你的薪水有她那么多的话，花大钱去度假就不在话下了。
cable
cable /ˈkeɪ.bəl/ 1）表示“（传输电、电话信号等的）电缆”，英文解释为“a set of wires, covered by plastic, that carries electricity, phone signals, etc.”如：a length of cable 一根电缆。
2）表示“（电视节目或电话信号的）有线传输系统”，同 cable televisioin，举个🌰：The office has gone over to cable. 办公室改用有线系统了。
This practice reduces the chance of forgetting to make a payment and frees up some of your finite mental bandwidth to handle other things.
这种做法可以减少忘记付款的可能性，释放一些有限的脑力来处理其他事情。
finite
finite /ˈfaɪnaɪt/ 表示“有限的；有限制的；有尽的”，英文解释为“having a limit or end”举个🌰：We only have a finite amount of time to complete this task - we can't continue indefinitely. 我们完成这项任务的时间是有限的，不能无限期地做下去。
📍反义词：infinite
bandwidth
bandwidth /ˈbænd.wɪtθ/ 1）表示“带宽”，英文解释为“a measurement of the amount of information that can be sent between computers, through a phone line, etc.”举个🌰：The system will handle signals that need high bandwidth, for instance those that encode TV pictures. 这个系统可以处理需要高带宽的信号，比如编码压缩过的电视图像信号。
2）表示“处理大信息或复杂情况所需的时间、精力和综合能力”，英文解释为“the ability or time to deal with a situation, especially one that involves a large amount of information or a number of problems”举个🌰：I don't have the bandwidth to read stuff I know isn't going to lead to productive discussion. 我没有精力去看那种没什么正面意义的东西。
Set a financial health day 设定一个财务健康日
Adjusting your finances takes time. So schedule it.
调整你的财务状况需要时间。所以来安排一下吧。
Use that day to tackle tasks such as canceling a subscription you don’t use anymore or closing an account that has been hitting you with fees.
利用这一天来处理一些任务，比如取消不再使用的订阅，或者关闭一直向你收手续费的账户。
subscription
subscription /səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/ 表示“（报刊等的）订阅费，订购款，订阅，订购”，英文解释为“an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine, etc.; the act of paying this money”如：an annual subscription 一年期订阅。
If a whole day of financial chores feels overwhelming, take 15 minutes a day to cross one item off your to-do list, said Bari Tessler, a financial therapist, who refers to these sessions as “money dates.”
财务治疗师巴里·泰斯勒(Bari Tessler)表示，如果处理一整天的财务琐事让你感到难以承受，那就每天花15分钟从待办事项上划掉一项。他把这些时间段称为“金钱约会”。
overwhelming
overwhelming /ˌəʊ.vəˈwel.mɪŋ/ 1）表示“难以抵挡的；无法抗拒的；强悍而令人难以应对的”，英文解释为“difficult to fight against”举个🌰：She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. 她感到有一种抑制不住的冲动/欲望/需要想告诉别人所发生的事情。
2）表示“巨大的，极大的；（数量上）压倒性的”，英文解释为“You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.”举个🌰：An overwhelming majority has voted in favour of the proposal. 绝大多数的人投票赞成该提议。
cross sth off
cross someone/something off (something) 表示“（从…中）划掉，删去”，英文解释为“to remove someone or something, such as a name, from a list by drawing a line through it”举个🌰：Did you cross her name off the guest list? 你把她的名字从宾客名单上划掉了吗？
session
session /ˈseʃ.ən/ 1）表示“（议会等机构的）会议；（法庭的）开庭”，英文解释为“a formal meeting or series of meetings of an organization such as a parliament or a law court”举个🌰：The parliamentary session is due to end on 10 November. 议会会议将于11月10日结束。
2）表示“（从事某项活动的）一段时间（或集会）；一场；一节”，英文解释为“a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity”举个🌰：The runner twisted his ankle in a training session. 这位赛跑运动员在训练时扭伤了脚踝。
3）表示“学年；学期；上课时间”，英文解释为“at a college, any of the periods of time that a teaching year or day is divided into, or the teaching year itself”举个🌰：He taught a class during the summer session. 在夏季开学期间他教了一堂课。
“Ritualize it, make it creative, sit down, light a candle,” Tessler said. If you feel anxious during these activities, go for a quick walk or find something that will ease the tension.
泰斯勒说：“让这件事充满仪式感，让它变得有创意，坐下来，点燃一支蜡烛。”如果你在这些活动中感到焦虑，可以去外面散会儿步或者寻找一些可以缓解紧张情绪的活动。
ritualize
英式 ritualise 美式 ritualize /ˈrɪtʃuəlaɪz/ 表示“使仪式化；使程式化”，英文解释为“to do sth in the same way or pattern every time”
Make spending hurt 让自己在花钱时心痛
Upfront fixes have some power to improve your financial life, but making smarter decisions about spending is an ongoing challenge.
上述这些前期调整可以在一定程度上改善你的财务生活，但作出更明智的支出决策则是一项持续的挑战。
It can be too easy to buy a pint of ice cream or a flat-screen TV. Making yourself more aware when money is leaving your wallet helps people spend less, said Scott Rick, an associate professor of marketing at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business. He calls these actions “psychological speed bumps” that can protect you from overspending.
我们很容易头脑一热就买回一盒冰激凌或者一台平板电视。密歇根大学罗斯商学院（University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business）的营销学副教授斯科特·里克（Scott Rick）表示，让自己更清楚地意识到钞票正在离你而去，可以帮助人们减少支出。他把这些行为称为“心理减速带”，可以帮助你避免过度消费。
pint
pint /paɪnt/ 1）表示“品脱（液量单位，约等于半升）”，英文解释为“a measure for liquid equal to about half a litre. There are eight pints in a gallon.”如：a pint of milk 一品脱牛奶。
2）英式，表示“一品脱啤酒；一杯啤酒”，英文解释为“a pint of beer”举个🌰：He usually goes out for a pint at lunchtime. 他午餐时间通常会出去喝杯啤酒。
speed bump
speed bump /ˈspiːd ˌbʌmp/ 表示“（设在路面上的）减速垄”，英文解释为“a small raised area built across a road to force people to drive more slowly”举个🌰：Local residents are asking for speed bumps to be installed in their street. 当地居民要求在街道上安装减速垄。
Other favors you can do yourself while shopping online are installing an ad blocker so that tempting products don’t follow you around the internet, and designating one day of the week as a time to make all of your purchases. In the preceding days, keep a list of everything you plan to buy so that you can reflect more on what you actually want.
可以让自己在网购时保持理性的其他举措包括安装广告拦截器，这样诱人的产品就不会在网上与你如影随形。你还可以指定在一周中的某一天完成所有的购物。在此之前的几天里，列出你计划购买的所有东西，这样就有更多时间思考什么是你真正想要的。
install
install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ 1）表示“安装；安顿，安置”，英文解释为“to put furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position and make it ready to use”举个🌰：The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing machine. 水管工明天来安装新的洗衣机。
2）还可以表示“正式任命，使正式就职”，英文解释为“to put someone in an important job or position”举个🌰：She has installed a couple of young academics as her advisers. 她任用几名年轻的大学教师作为顾问。
tempting
tempting /ˈtemp.tɪŋ/ 表示“诱人的，吸引人的；使人禁不住想尝试（或拥有）的”，英文解释为“If something is tempting, it makes you want to do it or have it.”举个🌰：In the end, I turned down her tempting offer of the trip. 最后，我拒绝了她去旅行的诱人提议。
designate
designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ 1）表示“命名；指定，划定（特征、用途）”，英文解释为“When you designate someone or something as a particular thing, you formally give them that description or name.”举个🌰：There are efforts under way to designate the bridge (as) a historic landmark. 人们在努力把这座桥定为历史地标。
2）表示“指定，选定；委派”，英文解释为“When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job.”举个🌰：Designate someone as the spokesperson. 指派某人为发言人。
📍designated作形容词，表示“指定的；特指的，划定的”。
📍类似的有个词dedicated，表示“专用的，专门的”（designed to be used for one particular purpose）举个🌰：Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes. 这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。
preceding
preceding /prɪˈsiː.dɪŋ/ 表示“在前的，在先的，前面的”，英文解释为“existing or happening before someone or something”举个🌰：The paintings are a development of ideas she explored in the preceding decade. 这些画是她过去10年以来思想探索的成果。
For in-person transactions, you can make spending more painful by asking for a receipt. Getting a physical one makes it easier to register how much you are spending in the moment, Rick said.
至于面对面的交易，你可以索要小票，从而让支出看起来更让人心痛。里克说，索要纸质收据可以让你更容易记录当前的花费。
transaction
transaction /trænˈzæk.ʃən/ 表示“交易”，英文解释为“an occasion when someone buys or sells something, or when money is exchanged or the activity of buying or selling something”
receipt
receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ 表示“发票；收据；收条”，英文解释为“a piece of paper that proves that money, goods, or information have been received”举个🌰：Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy. 买什么东西都一定记着要发票。
区分：
📍invoice 表示“（供之后支付的）费用清单”，英文解释为“a list of things provided or work done together with their cost, for payment at a later time”举个🌰：Invoices must be submitted by the 20th of every month. 费用清单必须在每月的20日之前交上来。
Sweeten the small stuff 享受小物件带来的幸福感
Restricting yourself from purchases that you enjoy can create unnecessary guilt and lead to more stress.
限制自己购买喜欢的东西可能会造成不必要的内疚并导致更大的压力。
“You’re not going to become rich by not buying lattes,” Rick said. “Don’t beat yourself up over these little things that might actually be important for your mental well-being.”
“不买拿铁你也发不了财，”里克说。“不要因为购买这些小东西而责备自己，它们实际上可能对你的心理健康很重要。”
latte
latte /ˈlæteɪ/ 表示“热牛奶咖啡；拿铁咖啡”，英文解释为“a hot drink made from espresso (= strong coffee) and warm milk”
beat yourself up
表示“（过分）怪罪自己，苛求自己”，英文解释为“to blame or criticize yourself, usually in a way that is unfair or unnecessary”举个🌰：If you fail, don't beat yourself up; just try again. 如果你失败了，不要过分怪罪自己，大不了再试试。
See how much money you have left each month, Rick says, after accounting for monthly bills, retirement contributions, emergency savings and coming savings goals. Then the fun part: Spend the majority of the remainder on treats, anything that might make your life easier, or donations to charity.
里克说，在考虑了每月账单、退休金缴存、应急储蓄和接下来的储蓄目标后，看看你每个月还剩下多少钱。然后就到了有趣的环节：将剩下的大部分钱用来犒赏自己，花在任何可能让生活变得更轻松的事情上，或者捐给慈善机构。
And just because something is bought on a whim doesn’t mean it is a bad purchase, Rick said. Research also shows that budgeting too far in advance can lead to overspending. That is because the discomfort of limiting your spending with a budget fades over time. It is better to make such commitments closer to the fact.
而且，里克说，仅仅因为一时兴起而购买的东西不一定意味着它就不该买。研究还表明，提前过分精打细算反而可能导致过度开支。这是因为，随着时间的推移，用预算限制支出所带来的不适感会减退。最好是让这种承诺更切合实际。
on a whim
on a whim 表示“一时兴起，一时冲动”，whim /wɪm/ 作名词，表示“突然的念头，冲动”，英文解释为“a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained”举个🌰：We booked the trip on a whim. 我们一冲动就预订了假日游。
fade
fade /feɪd/ 作动词，表示“（使）褪色；（使）变暗；（使）衰弱”，英文解释为“to (cause to) lose colour, brightness, or strength gradually”举个🌰：If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade. 衣服挂在光线强的地方晾晒会褪色。
在理发行业，“fade”指渐变式发型，通常用于描述极短或几乎剃光的发型，其中头发的长度从顶部到底部（通常是耳朵以下，包括两鬓和颈后）逐渐变短，最后接近或完全剃光。Fade发型可以进一步分为多种类型，包括低fade，中fade和高fade，这取决于fade开始的位置。
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