学校通报女教师出轨高中生
今天，上海市第二中学通报：近日，网传我校“一女教师与学生存在不正当师生关系”。学校高度重视，立即会同相关部门开展调查，并已第一时间对涉事教师予以停职。后续，将根据调查结果依法依规严肃处理。
借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看2015年哈佛大学颁布的政策，明文禁止“师生恋”。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the rationale behind Harvard University's policy prohibiting sexual and romantic relationships between faculty and students?
A) To promote a more professional academic environment.
B) To facilitate better student performance.
C) To prevent exploitation and conflicts of interest.
D) To increase the university's rankings.
无注释原文：
New Harvard Policy Bans Teacher-Student Relations
From: The New York Times, Feb. 5, 2015
Harvard University has adopted a ban on professors' having sexual or romantic relationships with undergraduate students, joining a small but growing number of universities prohibiting such relationships. The move comes as the Obama administration investigates the handling of accusations of sexual assault at dozens of colleges, including Harvard.
The ban clarifies an earlier policy that labeled sexual and romantic relationships between professors and the students they teach as inappropriate, but did not explicitly prohibit professors from having relationships with students they did not teach.
Harvard said Thursday that the change had been made after a panel reviewing the institution's policy on Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in education, determined that the university's existing policy language on “relationships of unequal status did not explicitly reflect the faculty's expectations of what constituted an appropriate relationship between undergraduate students and faculty members.” It said the policy had been revised “to include a clear prohibition to better accord with these expectations.”
The change was recommended by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Committee on Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedures. It was made public Monday in a document revising the division's sexual harassment policy.
Besides banning sexual and romantic relationships between professors and all undergraduates, the policy also bans such relationships between teaching staff, such as graduate students, and the students who fall under their supervision or evaluation.
“Our rule is that if you are supervising, evaluating or grading someone, you should not have a sexual relationship with that person,” said Alison Johnson, a history professor who led the committee.
The American Association of University Professors does not recommend that colleges ban such relationships, but the organization has noted that they “are fraught with the potential for exploitation.”
It says that intimate relationships between students and professors make consent hard to determine because of the unequal power dynamic, and leave institutions vulnerable to allegations of sexual harassment.
After the courts found in the 1990s that universities could be financially liable for sexual harassment, many institutions — among them, the University of California and Yale — adopted formal policies forbidding sexual or romantic relationships between faculty and students.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
New Harvard Policy Bans Teacher-Student Relations
From: The New York Times, Feb. 5, 2015
Harvard University has adopted a ban on professors' having sexual or romantic relationships with undergraduate students, joining a small but growing number of universities prohibiting such relationships. The move comes as the Obama administration investigates the handling of accusations of sexual assault at dozens of colleges, including Harvard.
哈佛大学（Harvard University）日前颁布了一项新政策，明文禁止教授与本科生发生性关系或恋情，由此加入一个为数不多，但数量不断增长的禁止此类关系的大学之列。此举正值奥巴马政府对几十所高校处理性侵指控的方式展开调查之际。哈佛也是被调查的对象。
prohibit
prohibit /prəˈhɪb.ɪt/ 表示“禁止；阻止”，英文解释为“to officially refuse to allow something”举个🌰：Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre. 机动车辆禁止在市中心行驶。
assault
assault可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“袭击，攻击，猛攻”，英文解释为“a violent attack”；作名词时以表示“侵犯人身（罪），殴击他人身体（罪）”，如：sexual/indecent assault 性侵/猥亵。举个🌰：He was charged with sexual assault. 他被指控性侵犯。
The ban clarifies an earlier policy that labeled sexual and romantic relationships between professors and the students they teach as inappropriate, but did not explicitly prohibit professors from having relationships with students they did not teach.
这项禁令澄清了此前一项政策，后者将教授及其所教学生之间的性关系和恋情称作“不适当”，但并未明确禁止教授与他们没教的学生发生暧昧关系。
clarify
clarify /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“澄清；阐明；使更清晰易懂”，英文解释为“to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation”举个🌰：Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely. 请你把第一点再阐释一下，好吗？我没有完全明白。
label
label /ˈleɪ.bəl/ 作动词，表示“贴标签”，英文解释为“to fasten a label to”举个🌰：The parcel was clearly labelled "Fragile". 这个包裹上清楚地标着“易碎品”。If you spend any time in prison, you're labelled as a criminal for the rest of your life. 一旦入过狱，“罪犯”的帽子就会一辈子扣在你的头上。
作名词，表示“公司；品牌商品；公司名称；公司标志”，英文解释为“a company that produces goods for sale, the goods themselves, or the company's name or symbol”举个🌰：Her favourite designer label (= maker of expensive clothes) is Armani. 她最喜欢的服装品牌是阿玛尼。
📍此前，戳爷Troye Sivan被传已分手数月？文中就提到，Representatives for Sivan's label EMI declined to comment on rumours of a split. 戳爷的唱片公司EMI代表拒绝对分手传闻发表评论。此处的label指的则是“唱片公司”，英文解释为“a company that produces and sells records, CDs, etc.”。
explicitly
explicitly /ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt.li/ 表示“明确地；明白地”，英文解释为“in a way that is clear and exact”举个🌰：I told you quite explicitly to be home by midnight. 我明明告诉过你午夜前回家。
反义词：
📍implicitly表示“含蓄地；暗中地”（in a way that is suggested but not communicated directly）
Harvard said Thursday that the change had been made after a panel reviewing the institution's policy on Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in education, determined that the university's existing policy language on “relationships of unequal status did not explicitly reflect the faculty's expectations of what constituted an appropriate relationship between undergraduate students and faculty members.” It said the policy had been revised “to include a clear prohibition to better accord with these expectations.”
哈佛大学周四表示，这项改变是在一个专家组复审了该校与教育法修正案第九条（Title IX）相关的政策之后做出的。该条款旨在禁止教育领域的性别歧视。这个专家组确定，哈佛大学目前关于“不平等地位之关系”的政策用语，“并没有明确反映学院对什么构成本科生和教师之间适当关系的期望。”该校声称，修订这项政策是“为了包含一个明确的禁令，以更好地符合这些期望”。
panel
panel /ˈpæn.əl/ 1）表示“嵌板，镶板”，英文解释为“a flat, usually rectangular part, or piece of wood, metal, cloth, etc., that fits into or onto something larger”如：a beautiful old door with oak panels 一扇嵌有橡木板的漂亮的老式门；
2）表示“（选定的）专家小组；讨论小组”，英文解释为“a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment”。
discrimination
discrimination /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“歧视；区别对待”，英文解释为“treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, sex, sexuality, etc.”如：racial/sex/age discrimination 种族/性别/年龄歧视。
faculty
faculty /ˈfæk.əl.ti/ 1）表示“官能，机能”，英文解释为“a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc.”举个🌰：Even at the age of 100, she still had all her faculties. 甚至在百岁高龄时，她的一切身体机能仍然保持正常。
2）表示“能力，才能”，英文解释为“a special ability to do a particular thing”举个🌰：She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people. 她具有激发他人信心的能力。
3）美式，表示“（高等院校中院系的）全体教师”，英文解释为“the people who teach in a department in a college”举个🌰：He has been a faculty member at the college for 20 years. 他在学院任教已有20年。
constitute
英 /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ 美 /ˈkɑːnstɪtuːt/ 除了表示“组成”，等同于make up，还可以表示“构成，被视为，被算作”，英文解释为“If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing.”如：constitute a professional and legal offence 构成职业和法律犯罪；举个🌰：Failing to complete the work constitutes a breach of the employment contract. 不能完成工作被视为违反雇用合同。The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society. 犯罪率上升对社会构成了威胁。
🎬电影《空中危机》（Flightplan）中的台词提到：A teddy bear does not constitute an inaccurate passenger manifest. 有一只泰迪熊并不代表 乘客名单出了错。
🎬电影《从足球流氓到黑帮崛起3》（Rise of the Footsoldier 3）中的台词提到：High on drink and pills does not constitute as a defense. 醉药 醉酒 不能作为辩护证据。
revise
revise /rɪˈvaɪz/ 1）表示“改变；修正，修改”，英文解释为“to change something because of new information or ideas”，如：revise the article/revise the plan；
2）也可以指“（考试）温习，复习”，英文解释为“to study facts again, in order to learn them before an examination”举个🌰：Revising for exams gives you a chance to bring together all the individual parts of the course. 考前复习给你一个把课程各独立部分融会贯通的机会。
区分：
📍devise表示“想出，设计，发明（新的方法）”，英文解释为“to plan or invent a new way of doing something”，如：devise a plan/system/machine，举个🌰：She devised a method for quicker communications between offices. 她想出一种加快办公室之间通信联络的方法。
The change was recommended by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Committee on Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedures. It was made public Monday in a document revising the division's sexual harassment policy.
这项改变的推荐人是艺术与科学学院性骚扰政策和程序委员会（Faculty of Arts and Sciences Committee on Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedures）。周一发布的一项文件修改了该院的性骚扰政策，这项改变随之公布于众。
recommend
recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ 表示“推荐，介绍；建议”，英文解释为“to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done”举个🌰：I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious. 我可以向您推荐蘑菇汁鸡肉——这道菜非常可口。
📍单词“recommend”由词根“-mend”（来自拉丁语“mendare”，表示“赞扬”）和前缀“reco-”（表示强调）组成。想象你正在强烈推荐一道美味的鸡肉沙拉，这就是“recommend”。
misconduct
misconduct /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/ 表示“失职；处理不当；行为不端”，英文解释为“unacceptable behaviour, especially by a professional person”如：gross misconduct = very serious misconduct 严重失职，professional misconduct 玩忽职守。
📍conduct作名词，表示“行为，举止”（a person's behaviour in a particular place or in a particular situation）如：优良作风 fine conduct或者说excellent conduct，2020年政府工作报告Part 2中提到的加强党风廉政建设 improve Party conduct and build a clean government.
📺美剧《芝加哥警署》（Chicago P.D.）中的台词提到：I could have you arrested for official misconduct. 我可以以渎职罪逮捕你。
procedure
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ 1）表示“程序；步骤；常规”，英文解释为“a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something”举个🌰：The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints. 公司采取了新程序处理投诉事宜。
2）表示“医疗处理；手术”，英文解释为“a medical operation”举个🌰：It's a routine/standard surgical procedure. 这是一个普通的外科手术。
division
division /dɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ 1）表示“部门（如部、处、室、科等）”，英文解释为“a separate part of an army or large organization”如：the sales division 销售部。
2）表示“（体育运动的）级”，英文解释为“a group of teams that play against each other in a particular sport”如：The team plays in one of the lower divisions. 低一级队伍的球员。
3）表示“除法”，英文解释为“the calculation of how many times one number goes into another”
harassment
harassment /ˈhəræsmənt, ˈhærəs-/ 表示“骚扰；烦恼”，英文解释为“Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.”举个🌰：Another survey found that 51 percent of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives. 另一份调查显示有51%的女性在其职业生涯中曾遭遇过某种形式的性骚扰。
Besides banning sexual and romantic relationships between professors and all undergraduates, the policy also bans such relationships between teaching staff, such as graduate students, and the students who fall under their supervision or evaluation.
除了禁止教授和所有本科生发生性关系或恋情之外，这项政策还禁止教辅人员（比如研究生）与他们监督或评估的学生发生这种关系。
“Our rule is that if you are supervising, evaluating or grading someone, you should not have a sexual relationship with that person,” said Alison Johnson, a history professor who led the committee.
“我们的原则是，如果你正在监督、评估某人或者正在给其打分，你就不应该与此人发生性关系。”该委员会负责人，历史学教授艾莉森·约翰逊（Alison Johnson）说。
supervise
supervise /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/ 作动词，表示“监督，管理，指导”，英文解释为“to watch a person or activity to make certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc.”举个🌰：The UN is supervising the distribution of aid by local agencies in the disaster area. 联合国正在监督灾区的地方机构发放救援物资。
The American Association of University Professors does not recommend that colleges ban such relationships, but the organization has noted that they “are fraught with the potential for exploitation.”
美国大学教授协会（American Association of University Professors）不建议高校禁止这种关系，但该组织指出，他们“有很多潜在的利用机会。”
fraught
fraught /frɔːt/ 1）表示“充满（问题或风险）的”，英文解释为“If a situation or action is fraught with problems or risks, it is filled with them.”举个🌰：The earliest operations employing this technique were fraught with dangers. 最早采用这一技术的手术充满了危险。
2）表示“令人担忧的”，英文解释为“If you say that a situation or action is fraught, you mean that it is worrisome or difficult. ”举个🌰：It has been a somewhat fraught day. 这是令人颇为担忧的一天。
🎬电影《兰戈》（Rango）中的台词提到：The path to knowledge is fraught with consequence. 通往真知的道路充满了荆棘坎坷。
exploitation
exploitation /ˌek.splɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“开发利用”，英文解释为“the use of something in order to get an advantage from it”举个🌰：Britain's exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War. 英国对其天然气资源的开发利用始于二战后。
2）表示“（出于私利的）利用；剥削”，英文解释为“the act of using someone unfairly for your own advantage”
It says that intimate relationships between students and professors make consent hard to determine because of the unequal power dynamic, and leave institutions vulnerable to allegations of sexual harassment.
该组织表示，由于不平等的权力格局，学生和教授的亲密关系使得“同意”很难确定，从而让高等院校很容易受到性骚扰指控。
intimate
intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ 表示“亲密的；有性关系的；宜于密切关系的”，英文解释为“having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship”如：intimate relationships 亲密关系，举个🌰：The restaurant has a very intimate atmosphere. 这家餐厅的氛围很怡人。
consent
consent /kənˈsent/ 表示“同意；准许；允许”，英文解释为“permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority”举个🌰：Children under 16 cannot give consent to medical treatment. 16岁以下的儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。
📍词源和词根：来自拉丁语的"consentire"，"con-"是"与......一起"的意思，"sentire"是"感觉"的意思。派生词：consensual, consentaneous，常用短语：give one's consent 给予同意。
vulnerable
vulnerable /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/ 表示“易受伤的；易受影响（或攻击）的；脆弱的”，英文解释为“able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked”举个🌰：I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on. 一丝不挂地站在那儿，我感觉自己不堪一击。
allegation
allegation /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“指控，指责”，英文解释为“An allegation is a statement saying that someone has done something wrong.”举个🌰：The company has denied the allegations. 该公司否认了这些指控。
After the courts found in the 1990s that universities could be financially liable for sexual harassment, many institutions — among them, the University of California and Yale — adopted formal policies forbidding sexual or romantic relationships between faculty and students.
上世纪90年代，在法院发现大学或许要为性骚扰承担经济责任之后，包括加州大学（University of California）和耶鲁大学（Yale University ）在内的许多高校，正式颁布政策，禁止师生之间发生性关系或恋情。
liable
liable /ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ 表示“承担责任的；负有（法律）责任的”，英文解释为“having (legal) responsibility for something or someone”举个🌰：The law holds parents liable if a child does not attend school. 法律规定孩子不上学父母要负责任。
forbid
forbid /fəˈbɪd/ 表示“（尤指官方）禁止，不许，阻止，妨碍”，英文解释为“to refuse to allow something, especially officially, or to prevent a particular plan of action by making it impossible”举个🌰：The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16. 法律禁止向16岁以下的未成年人出售香烟。
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