【TED演讲227】这样的救灾避难所你值得拥有

Michael McDaniel designed housing for disaster relief zones — inexpensive, easy to transport, even beautiful – but found that no one was willing to build it. Persistent and obsessed, he decided to go it alone. At TEDxAustin, McDaniel show us his Exo Reaction Housing Solution and shares how he's dedicating his free time to working with suppliers and manufacturers to prepare for the next natural disaster. (Filmed at TEDxAustin.)

你知道自然灾害或者其他突发事故应如何有效避免吗？灾难发生前如果做好充足准备，那就万事大吉。Michael McDaniel博士研究了一种帮人们及时躲避灾难的房间，它的设计原理很有意义，一起来了解一下，有了它人们将不会担心灾难的发生。

演讲者：Michael McDaniel

演说题目：这样的救灾避难所你值得拥有

because, on average, 31 and a half million people are displaced by natural disasters every single year. 

因为，平均来说，每年因为各种自然灾害而流离失所的人数达到了三千一百五十万之多。

Now, usually when people hear statistics or stats like that, you start thinking about places like Haiti or other kind of exotic or maybe even impoverished areas, but it happens right here in the United States every single year. 

通常，人们听到这方面的统计数据的时候，都会想到海地或者是其他国家或者是贫困地区，但事实上类似的事情在美国每一年都在发生着。

Last year alone, 99 federally declared disasters were on file with FEMA, from Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to the Central Texas wildfires that just happened recently. Now, how does the most powerful country in the world handle these displaced people? 

仅去年一年，就有99起官方证实的灾害被联邦应急管理局(FEMA)记录在案，发生地点从密苏里州的乔普林、阿拉巴马州的塔斯卡卢萨、到最近刚发生在德克萨斯州中部的森林大火。那么，世界上最强大的国家是怎么安排这些无家可归的人呢？

They cram them onto cots, put all your personal belongings in a plastic garbage bag, stick it underneath, and put you on the floor of an entire sports arena, or a gymnasium.

他们把灾民塞在简易床上，所有私人物品都被塞进一个塑料垃圾袋，然后扔在床下面，然后大家都挤在一个体育场里， 或者体育馆里。

So obviously there's a massive housing gap, and this really upset me, because academia tells you after a major disaster, there's typically about an 18-month time frame to -- 

所以临时住房短缺问题很明显，这让我很失望，因为学术界认为在一次大灾难过后，一般需要经过18个月的时间，

but it was an obsession, so I couldn't just stop there. I started experimenting, making models, talking to experts in the field, taking their feedback, and refining, and I kept on refining and refining for nights and weekends for over five years.

当然这终究还是图纸，所以我不能就此停下。之后我开始做实验，做一些模型，展示给这个领域的专家们，倾听他们的反馈，并进行改进，我一遍一遍的改进这个过程持续了五年多。

Now, my obsession ended up driving me to create full-size prototypes in my own backyard — (Laughter) —and actually spending my own personal savings on everything from tooling to patents and a variety of other costs, 

最终，这个使我着迷的计划有了一个结果。那就是在我家后院的全尺寸原型产品（笑声）它们花光了我所有的积蓄，包括购买工具到付专利使用费以及其他各种各样的费用，

but in the end I ended up with this modular housing system that can react to any situation or disaster. It can be put up in any environment, from an asphalt parking lot to pastures or fields, because it doesn't require any special setup or specialty tools.

不过最后我还是成功做出了这个模块化房屋系统，它可以应付各种情况和灾难。它可以被安放在任何环境中，从沥青停车场到牧场或农田，因为它不需要任何特殊的基础建设或是特殊的工具。

Now, at the foundation and kind of the core of this whole system is the Exo Housing Unit, which is just the individual shelter module. And though it's light, light enough that you can actually lift it by hand and move it around, and it actually sleeps four people.

这套系统的基础和核心是外挂式房屋模块，那是一种独立的避难所模块。它非常轻，轻到你用手就可以轻易的举起来并且来回挪动，这屋子能睡4个人。

And you can arrange these things as kind of more for encampments and more of a city grid type layout, or you can circle the wagons, essentially, and form these circular pods out of them, which give you this semi-private communal area for people to actually spill out into so they're not actually trapped inside these units.

你可以随意摆放它们例如像露营一样，或按照城市街区来规划摆放，或者你可以先把一些售货手推车围成一个圈，然后把这些房屋围到外面形成帐子，这样一个半私密性的公共区域会让住在里面的人们愿意出来走走，而不是一直呆在这些屋子里。

Now this fundamentally changes the way we respond to disasters, because gone are the horrid conditionsinside a sports arena or a gymnasium, where people are crammed on these cots inside. Now we have instant neighborhoods outside.

所以这项发明从根本上改变了我们对灾难的反应，因为之前那种很多人躺在小床上，挤在体育场或体育馆里简易床的场景已经一去不复返了。现在大家都成了新的邻居。

So the Exo is designed to be simply, basically like a coffee cup. They can actually stack together so we get extremely efficient transportation and storage out of them. In fact, 15 Exos can fit on a single semi truck by itself. This means the Exo can actually be transported and set up faster than any other housing option available today. 

这个房屋系统被设计的很简洁，基本上很像一个咖啡杯它们可以摞在一起，所以我们可以非常高效的运输和储存它们。事实上，一个半挂卡车可以装15个这样的屋子。这就表明这种房屋比目前世界上其他任何住房系统都能更快的运输和安装。

Sounds like a great idea, but how do you make it real? So the first idea I had, initially, was just to go the federal and state governments and go, "Here, take it, for free." But I was quickly told that, "Boy, our government doesn't really work like that." (Laughter) 

这听起来很不错，但是要怎样才能让这些成为现实？我最初的想法是找到政府部门并且跟他们说，“这个送给你们，拿去吧 。”但是我很快被告诉，“亲，我们的政府根本不会这么做的。”

Okay. Okay. So maybe I would start a nonprofit to kind of help consult and get this idea going along with the government, but then I was told, "Son, our government looks to private sector for things like this." 

好吧，好吧。我或许应当创立一个非盈利的机构来使这个想法能得到政府的支持，但之后我却被告知，“亲，我们的政府还指望私营企业来做这样的事情呢。” 

Okay. So maybe I would take this whole idea and go to private corporations that would have this mutually shared benefit to it, but I was quickly told by some corporationsthat my personal passion project was not a brand fit because they didn't want their logos stamped across the ghettos of Haiti.

好吧。我也许应该把这个主意交给那些能共同获利的私营企业，可接着我很快收到一些公司的答复，他们认为来源于我自己倒腾出来的项目和品牌形象不符，他们不愿意让自己的品牌沾上海地贫民区的痕迹。