TED-为什么你不是面试官眼中的最佳雇员?（双语视频）

TED简介：2015 | 演讲者Regina Hartley把职场上适合某个工作的应聘者划分为两类人：一类人叫"银勺" 这类人毕业于常青藤大学, GPA几乎满分，推荐信也非常棒，他们拥有完美简历,人生一帆风顺; 另一类人叫"拳击手",他们没有完美简历, 经历过人生的挫折与困苦,,但仍然能积极笑对人生,怀有激情，目标与希望。如果你作为雇主时，你会更愿意雇用哪类人呢？ Regina Hartley 将在TED讲台上给大家带来非常值得深思的看法和有价值的建议。

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=x05414642w2&width=500&height=375&auto=0

指尖上划看台词

Your company launches a search for an openposition. The applications start rolling in, and the qualified candidates areidentified. Now the choosing begins. Person A: Ivy League, 4.0, flawlessresume, great recommendations. All the right stuff. Person B: state school,fair amount of job hopping, and odd jobs like cashier and singing waitress. Butremember -- both are qualified. So I ask you: who are you going to pick?

你的公司发布了一个公开招聘的职位。申请表开始滚滚而来，合格的候选人已被挑选出来。现在开始挑选。候选人A：常春藤盟校，绩点4.0，完美的履历，出色的推荐信。所有好的要素都具备。候选人B：公立学校毕业，碾转于各种工作之间，甚至包括做收银员和唱歌的服务生。不过请记得——两位都是符合要求的。所以，我要问问你们：你们会选择哪一位？

My colleagues and I created very officialterms to describe two distinct categories of candidates. We call A "theSilver Spoon," the one who clearly had advantages and was destined forsuccess. And we call B "the Scrapper," the one who had to fightagainst tremendous odds to get to the same point. You just heard a humanresources director refer to people as Silver Spoons and Scrappers --which is not exactly politically correctand sounds a bit judgmental. But before my human resources certification getsrevoked --let me explain.

我和我的同事发明了一些非常正式的术语，来描述这两个不同类别的候选人。我们把A称为“含着金钥匙（直译为‘银汤匙’）的人”，一个明显具有优势，而且注定会成功的人。我们把B称为“拳击手”，必须努力冲破重重难关才能实现同样的目标。你们刚刚听到了一个人力资源总监将应聘者比作银汤匙和拳击手——这听起来在政治上不太正确，而且还有些武断。但在我的人力资源证书被吊销前——让我来解释一下。

A resume tells a story. And over the years,I've learned something about people whose experiences read like a patchworkquilt, that makes me stop and fully consider them before tossing their resumesaway. A series of odd jobs may indicate inconsistency, lack of focus,unpredictability. Or it may signal a committed struggle against obstacles. Atthe very least, the Scrapper deserves an interview.

一份简历讲述了一个故事。过去的那些年，我了解到那些经历好似拼布床单的人，会让我在把他们的简历扔掉前会停下来认真地考虑一下他们。一系列杂乱的工作可能意味着易变，不专心，难以捉摸。或者，它可能标志着努力挣扎跨越障碍。至少，“拳击手”应该得到一次面试机会。

To be clear, I don't hold anything againstthe Silver Spoon; getting into and graduating from an elite university takes alot of hard work and sacrifice. But if your whole life has been engineeredtoward success, how will you handle the tough times? One person I hired feltthat because he attended an elite university, there were certain assignments thatwere beneath him, like temporarily doing manual labor to better understand anoperation. Eventually, he quit. But on the flip side, what happens when yourwhole life is destined for failure and you actually succeed?

不过我要强调一下，我并不排斥“银汤匙”；能够被精英大学录取并顺利毕业，同样需要付出很多心血和牺牲。但是，如果你的一生都被设计为走向成功，你要如何应对困难的时刻呢？一位我曾经雇用过的人认为，因为他毕业于精英大学，某些类型的工作对他而言是低下的，比如短时间从事体力劳动以更好地了解公司运作。最终，他离开了。但是，另一方面，如果你的人生注定失败，而你却成功了，这是怎么回事呢？

I want to urge you to interview theScrapper. I know a lot about this because I am a Scrapper. Before I was born,my father was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, and he couldn't hold a jobin spite of his brilliance. Our lives were one part "Cuckoo's Nest,"one part "Awakenings" and one part "A Beautiful Mind."

我会建议你去面试“拳击手”。我很了解这些，因为我自己就是一个“拳击手”。在我出生之前，我的父亲就被诊断为精神分裂症，他无法继续工作尽管他很有才华。我们的生活就像“飞越疯人院”，“无语问苍天”，和“美丽心灵”的合集。

I'm the fourth of five children raised by asingle mother in a rough neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. We never owned ahome, a car, a washing machine, and for most of my childhood, we didn't evenhave a telephone. So I was highly motivated to understand the relationshipbetween business success and Scrappers, because my life could easily haveturned out very differently. As I met successful business people and readprofiles of high-powered leaders, I noticed some commonality.

我是一位单身母亲五个孩子中的第四个，我们在纽约布鲁克林一个混乱的街区生活。我们从未拥有过一个家，一辆车，或是一个洗衣机，在我童年的大部分时间，我们甚至没有一部电话。因此我有很强的意愿去理解生意场的成功和“拳击手”的关联，因为我的人生很容易就会发展出不同的结局。我见过成功的商人，也阅读过具备出色领导能力的人的资料，我发现了其中的一些共性。

Many of them had experienced earlyhardships, anywhere from poverty, abandonment, death of a parent while young,to learning disabilities, alcoholism and violence. The conventional thinkinghas been that trauma leads to distress, and there's been a lot of focus on theresulting dysfunction. But during studies of dysfunction, data revealed anunexpected insight: that even the worst circumstances can result in growth andtransformation. A remarkable and counterintuitive phenomenon has beendiscovered, which scientists call Post Traumatic Growth.

他们中的很多人经历过早年的困顿，可能是贫穷，被抛弃，亲人的早逝，也可能是学习障碍，酗酒和暴力。传统的思维认为创伤会导致痛苦，而且还重点强调了失败的结果。但在我研究这些不成功的案例期间，得到的数据却揭示了一个出乎意料的结论：即便是最糟的境遇也能导致成长和转变。一个显著但有悖常理的现象已经被发现了，科学家们称之为“创后成长”。

In one study designed to measure theeffects of adversity on children at risk, among a subset of 698 children whoexperienced the most severe and extreme conditions, fully one-third grew up tolead healthy, successful and productive lives. In spite of everything andagainst tremendous odds, they succeeded. One-third.

在一项设计用来衡量逆境对困苦的孩子会产生怎样影响的研究表明，在698位参与测试的孩子，在经历了最艰苦严苛的考验后，他们中的三分之一长大后获得了健康、成功以及丰富的人生。尽管经历了巨大的艰难，但最后还是成功了。有三分之一这么多。

Take this resume. This guy's parents givehim up for adoption. He never finishes college. He job-hops quite a bit, goeson a sojourn to India for a year, and to top it off, he has dyslexia. Would youhire this guy? His name is Steve Jobs.

看看这份简历。他被亲生父母抛弃，交由他人收养。他没有完成大学学业。他在某段时期频繁跳槽，在印度逗留了一年，不止如此，他还有阅读障碍。你会雇用他吗？他的名字是史蒂夫·乔布斯。

In a study of the world's most highlysuccessful entrepreneurs, it turns out a disproportionate number have dyslexia.In the US, 35 percent of the entrepreneurs studied had dyslexia. What'sremarkable -- among those entrepreneurs who experience post traumatic growth,they now view their learning disability as a desirable difficulty whichprovided them an advantage because they became better listeners and paidgreater attention to detail. 

一个对全球最成功企业家群体的研究表明，相当数量的企业家有阅读障碍。在美国，35%的企业家有阅读障碍。值得注意的是——这些企业家中那些经历过创后成长的人，成功后的他们将这样的学习障碍看作是值得经历的困难，这样的困难给予了他们优势，他们因此成为更好的听众，并且更加关注细节。

They don't think they are who they are in spite ofadversity, they know they are who they are because of adversity. They embracetheir trauma and hardships as key elements of who they've become, and know thatwithout those experiences, they might not have developed the muscle and gritrequired to become successful.

他们在经历逆境前，并没有看到自己的潜力，而因为逆境，他们准确地定位了自己。他们拥抱伤害和困顿，这是他们成为成功企业家的关键要素，他们知道，如果没有这些经历，他们也许没有办法发展出成功者需要具备的勇气和毅力。

One of my colleagues had his lifecompletely upended as a result of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1966. Atage 13, his parents were relocated to the countryside, the schools were closedand he was left alone in Beijing to fend for himself until 16, when he got ajob in a clothing factory. But instead of accepting his fate, he made aresolution that he would continue his formal education. Eleven years later,when the political landscape changed, he heard about a highly selectiveuniversity admissions test.

我有一位同事，因为中国1966年的文化大革命，他的人生彻底颠覆了。在他13岁那年，他的父母被下放农村，学校关闭了，而他独自在北京谋生，直到16岁，他在服装厂找到了一份工作。与其接受命运，他决心不如继续完成学业。11年后，政治版图改变了，他听说了一个竞争相当激烈的大学入学考试。

He had three months to learn the entire curriculumof middle and high school. So, every day he came home from the factory, took anap, studied until 4am, went back to work and repeated this cycle every day forthree months. He did it, he succeeded. His commitment to his education wasunwavering, and he never lost hope. Today, he holds a master's degree, and hisdaughters each have degrees from Cornell and Harvard.

他只有3个月来学习整个初中以及高中的课程。于是，每天他从工厂回家后，先睡一小觉，然后学习到凌晨四点，回去工厂工作，就这样日复一日过了整整三个月。他做到了，他成功了。他继续求学的决心非常坚定，也从未放弃希望。今天，他拥有了硕士学位，他的两个女儿则分别毕业于康奈尔大学和哈佛大学。

Scrappers are propelled by the belief thatthe only person you have full control over is yourself. When things don't turnout well, Scrappers ask, "What can I do differently to create a betterresult?" Scrappers have a sense of purpose that prevents them from givingup on themselves, kind of like if you've survived poverty, a crazy father andseveral muggings, you figure, "Business challenges? --Really? Piece of cake. I got this."

“拳击手”被信念推动向前进，相信只有自己才能掌握自己的命运。当事情发展并不尽如人意，“拳击手”会问，“我能做些什么别的来创造一个更好的结果？”“拳击手”有目标意识，永不放弃自己，如果你从贫穷，疯狂的父亲和数次被抢劫的经历中存活下来，你会觉得，“商业挑战？——这还算事儿吗？太简单了。我能搞定。”

And that reminds me -- humor. Scrappersknow that humor gets you through the tough times, and laughter helps you changeyour perspective.

这不禁让我想起——幽默感。“拳击手”知道，幽默能够帮你度过最艰难的时刻，嘲笑你的人会帮助你改变对未来的看法。

And finally, there are relationships.People who overcome adversity don't do it alone. Somewhere along the way, theyfind people who bring out the best in them and who are invested in theirsuccess. Having someone you can count on no matter what is essential toovercoming adversity. I was lucky. In my first job after college, I didn't havea car, so I carpooled across two bridges with a woman who was the president'sassistant. She watched me work and encouraged me to focus on my future and notdwell on my past. Along the way I've met many people who've provided mebrutally honest feedback, advice and mentorship. These people don't mind that Ionce worked as a singing waitress to help pay for college.

最后，还有人际关系。那些克服困难的人并非一直单打独斗。奋斗过程中的某时某刻，他们会遇到伯乐，以及在他们成功的道路上倾囊相助的人。不管发生什么事，总有一个人可以依靠，这是克服困境的关键。我很幸运。得到大学毕业后的第一份工作时，我还没有车，所以我与人拼车，跨越两座桥去上班，那位女士当时还是总统助理。她看到我工作，并鼓励我放眼未来。不要老是想着过去。一路走来我遇到了很多人，让我懂得了忠言逆耳，他们都是我的良师益友。这些人并不在意我曾经是个为了支付上大学的开销而唱歌打工的女服务生。

I'll leave you with one final, valuableinsight. Companies that are committed to diversity and inclusive practices tendto support Scrappers and outperform their peers. According to DiversityInc, astudy of their top 50 companies for diversity outperformed the S&P 500by 25 percent.

最后再分享一个有价值的见解。那些致力于多样化和包容开放行为的公司更愿意去支持“拳击手”，让他们比同辈更出色。《多元化企业》杂志的一项研究表明，最多元化的50家企业的运营表现超越了标准普尔500指数25%。

So back to my original question. Who areyou going to bet on: Silver Spoon or Scrapper? I say choose the underestimatedcontender, whose secret weapons are passion and purpose.

那么回到我最初的问题。你会将赌注放在谁身上：“银汤匙”还是“拳击手”？我会选择被低估的竞争者，他/她的秘密武器是激情和决心。

Hire the Scrapper.(Applause)

请雇用“拳击手”。（鼓掌）

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