外教微课 | 151-如何写英文中的数字？

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Do we write "ten" or "10"? "I have an eight year old son", "I have an eight years old son", "I have an eight-year-old son", or "I have an 8 year old son"? What is the best way to write this? In this lesson, I will teach you six common mistakes that students make with numbers, and how to avoid them.

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 TRANSCRIPT

Hi there. My name is Emma, and today we are going to look at common mistakes that ESL students make when they're talking about numbers. Okay? So in this video, we will look at five different mistakes I hear my students make often and ways to correct these mistakes. So let's get started.

First we're going to look at pronunciation, the pronunciation of numbers. Okay, so the first mistake I hear often is when students are talking about time -- or things in general, but often with time -- they're talking about the month, the week, the night, the year, the day; they often forget to pronounce the "s" or they pronounce an "s" when they shouldn't. So what do I mean by this? Well, first I have "one month", "two months". So notice in this case: there's no "s" so I don't pronounce an "s". In this case there is an "s" so I do pronounce an "s". So even though it's a pretty simple rule, a lot of people when they speak, they don't do this. I hear students say all the time: "I've been here for one years." Or "I lived there for five year." Okay? So be very careful when you say numbers, make sure that the noun that comes after, if there's more than one: you need an "s" and it's pronounced, the "s" is pronounced.

So what I'd like to do is I'm going to read to you five sentences and I want you to hear if I'm pronouncing the "s" or not. Okay? Oh, and one other thing I should say. So sometimes "s" are pronounced as "s'" like "sss", other times they're pronounced like "zzz" like a "z". So for month: "months", it's pronounced like "sss" like a snake. Week: "weeks". Night:

"nights". Okay? Whereas "year" and "day", when we add an "s", the "s" is pronounced like a "z". "Years", "days". Okay? So keep that in mind.

Okay, so the first sentence. Listen carefully to see if I pronounce the "s" after the number or not. "I've been here for one years." Is that a correct sentence? No, it's not because I said "one", it should have been: "I've been here for one year."

Okay, number two: "Four day ago I saw my aunt." So what's wrong with this? Is there anything wrong? "Four day ago I saw my aunt." It should be: "Four days ago". There're four of them so they need to be plural, so you need to pronounce the "s".

Next one: "I've worked for two months." Is there a problem with that? "I've worked for two months." No, that sentence is okay. I pronounced the "s" because there were two months.

Okay, number four: "I must study for five month." "I must study for five month." Did you hear an "s"?  So that one was incorrect. It should be: "I must study for five months."

Last one: "I went to Cuba for one weeks." What's the problem with this sentence? I pronounced an "s" after "week", but because there's only one, it shouldn't be "one weeks", it should be "one week". Okay? So I know this is a simple pronunciation rule, but it's something that it's very important to be careful with. So even if you have to practice at home: "One year, one year, one year. Two years, two years, two years." Keep repeating it until it becomes easy and you don't make that mistake. Okay.

So what's our next pronunciation mistake? Well this is sort of a funny one. A lot of ESL students, when they mean "Thirteen (13)" they say "Thirty (30)" and vice versa. So I'll ask a student: how many years did they go to university? Or not university, that would be a bad example. How many years of schooling did they have? And I'll hear "Thirty (30)" when what they really mean to say is "Thirteen (13)". Okay? And this is very common when it comes to money. Students, you know, they'll hear the sum they have to pay incorrectly or they'll say something costs "Thirty (30)" when it really costs "Thirteen (13)" and vice versa. Same with when you give out your phone number, this could be a real problem -- or your address. So how do I pronounce "thirteen (13)" versus "thirty (30)"? Well the easiest thing to do -- and this goes for all the teen numbers so 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, it also goes for 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 -- it's important to be aware of stress. So what do I mean by stress? Well, when we stress something, we say it louder and longer. So when you say the number "thirteen", the stress should be on "teen". So I should say: "thir-TEEN." It's very clear if I say "teen" longer and louder. Same with "sevenTEEN", longer and louder. So the stress, again, is on "teen", that's what you say louder and longer.

Whereas with "thirty", the stress is on the first part. "THIR-ty", so I say the first part very loud and long, the second part very short. "SEVENty, SEVENty", again, stress is on the first part and I say the second part quick. Now one thing you may have noticed is that when I say the "ty", it's pronounced like a "dy". This happens a lot when we speak. Instead of saying "seventy", it changes to "sevendy" with a "dy". So that's something else to be aware of. Let's look at some other common number mistakes. So the next mistake we're going to look at, I see often in student writing. Okay? So we're going to look at "hundreds", "thousands", "millions", and "billions". These are all large numbers.

Okay? Notice for example: "He stole millions of dollars." So I don't have a specific amount and I have an "s" here. I don't say: "He stole million of dollars." "He stole millions of dollars.", "He stole hundreds of dollars.", "He has hundreds of friends on facebook." So notice there's no specific number here, it's just hundreds in general? We don't know how many hundreds, we just know somewhere in the hundreds. Same with millions, we don't know how many millions, we just know he stole millions of dollars. And in both of these cases, again, they're plural. Same with if we use thousands, billions, trillions. But "I have million dollars." So what I see a lot of ESL students do is I see them write an "s" here. "I have millions dollars." This is incorrect. "I have million dollars."

Okay? So if you have a number here, a specific amount of money and you're talking -- it doesn't really matter what you're talking about -- there shouldn't be an "s" even though there's more than one. Same with here: "I have two hundred friends." This is correct. I have seen ESL students... Well I've never seen an ESL student actually write this specific sentence, but "I have two hundreds friends." It's wrong. "I have two hundred friends." So keep in mind: if you see a number before billions, millions, thousands, hundreds - make sure you don't add an "s" to million or hundred. So the fourth mistake I see very, very frequently is writing numbers. So, a lot of students and a lot of native speakers get confused when they have to write numbers out. So I have four example sentences. We'll read them together, and I want you to tell me if these sentences are correct or incorrect; are they right or are they wrong? So the first sentence: "I have cats." This isn't true; I'm not a crazy cat lady, but the sentence is "I have cats." which I think is against the law or the bylaw in my city. So do you think this sentence is correct or incorrect?

Okay, if you said "incorrect", that's right. So we'll explain the rule in a second. "I have cats." Okay, so before I had nine, now I'm at . I'm starting to lose my mind. "I have cats." Is this sentence correct? Yeah, it is. Next one: " cats live at the shelter." I didn't realize that it seems like most of my examples have cats in them. " cats live at the shelter." Is this correct? Nope, this one is incorrect. Last sentence: "I have two sisters." Okay, is this sentence correct? Yup, this one's okay. So we have two correct sentences here, and two incorrect sentences. So why is this sentence incorrect? Well, so we have the number " ". If a number is a single number... So what are single numbers? So to... Well they're pretty much one, two, continue. Thirty is a single number, forty. These are considered single numbers, so there's only one word that's written. Okay? So if you have a number where it's just one word that you need to write, you don't write it like this. You would write "nine". "I have nine cats."

Okay? In this case: " " is not a single number. If we wrote it, it would be very long: "one hundred and twenty-five". We wouldn't write this out because it's just too long. So, "nine" is a single number, " ", it's not a single number. If it was just "one", that would be fine, if it was just "twenty", that would be fine. But " ", " ", " " - these are not single numbers; you can write them like this. Okay, what about this one, what's wrong with this one? " cats live at the shelter." You shouldn't begin a sentence with a numeral. This should be changed to "five". It should be written out. And if you have a really long number like: " cats live at the shelter", I can't write: "One hundred and twenty-five cats" here and it's just so long and awkward to write, it's better to change the sentence. So instead of saying: " cats live at the shelter", I could say: "There are cats at the shelter." Okay? And so for d): "I have two sisters." This one's correct. 'Two' is a single number, so this is a correct sentence. So again, don't start a sentence with a numeral, and in terms of single numbers: write with letters.

Okay, so our final number mistake that I see often, this is another one that has to do with writing and also grammar in terms of pronunciation. Okay, so I want you to look at the first two sentences. "I have an eight-year-old (son)." So there're two ways I could say this. I could say: "I have an eight-year-old." and people will know I'm talking either about a son or a daughter or I could say: "I have an eight-year-old son." Both are correct. Now compare this to: "I am eight years old." What do you notice? Well first of all, in "b)", there are no hyphens. What else do you notice? Well, in "eight-year-old" there's no "s" whereas "eight years old" there is an "s". So why is this? Well let's look at another example. "I went for four days." So what do you notice? No hyphen and an "s". "I went on a four-day hike."

Okay. So what's the rule that we're looking at here? Why is it that sometimes we have hyphens with age or with time, and sometimes we don't, and why sometimes an "s", why sometimes do we not have an "s"? Well, we have to think about whether or not we're talking about an adjective. So in the first case: "eight-year-old" is describing something; it's describing the noun "son". And although sometimes we don't use the word "son", it's still an adjective which is why we use "eight-year-old" with hyphens. So first rule: if you're using time, either age or number of something as an adjective, use a hyphen. Okay? Second rule: when you're using time or age as an adjective, don't add an "s". So there's no "s" on days, no "s" on year. So in d): "I went on a four-day hike.", "four-day" is the adjective and what is it describing? The noun "hike" -- or, yeah, sorry --, the noun "hike". So that's a noun. So if it's an adjective: use the hyphen and don't use an "s". So let's look at two more sentences. "The twenty-year-old man.", "The man is twenty years old. " So again, here we have a noun. "Twenty-year-old" is an adjective; it's describing the man. We could also talk about a ten-year-mortgage. In this case we would, again, have the hyphens and no "s" after years. Okay? Well what about for: "I am eight years old"? Any time you're talking about your age or any time you're not using the adjective, you need the "s". So any time somebody says: "How old are you?" use the "s". "I am years old.", "I am years old."

Okay? So the difference, again, is whether the number is an adjective or not. Okay, so I want to invite you to come visit our website at www.engvid.com. Here you'll find a quiz and you can practice all these different number rules, you can figure out if you make any types of these mistakes, any of these common mistakes. So I invite you to come visit our website. Until next time, take care.

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