苹果支付9.06亿卢布反垄断罚款;奥迪诉蔚来商标侵权请求被驳回; 4月起，美专局将颁发电子专利证书
编辑制作：China IP 国际部
录音：李秀琴
Overview
一周概览
Focus
1. China Again Top Originator of PCT Applications in 2022
2022年，中国仍是PCT申请量最大的来源国
2. US Patent Office to Introduce Electronic Patent Grants in April
4月起，美专局将颁发电子专利证书
3. China tops nuclear fusion patent ranking, beating U.S. and Japan
核聚变专利竞争力：中国第一！领先美日
4. JPO published Japan-China-Korea Concordance List of Similar Group Codes
日本专利局发布《日中韩类似组代码一致性列表》
IP Practice
5. FAS: Apple pays 906 million rouble antitrust fine in a Russia
俄罗斯联邦反垄断局：苹果公司已支付9.06亿卢布反垄断罚款
6. Audi's request to invalidate NIO ES8 and ES6 trademarks rejected
奥迪诉蔚来商标侵权请求被驳回
7. Moderna wins trademark case against JW Pharmaceutical
Moderna 在与JW制药公司的商标纠纷中获胜
8. Goldman, HSBC, and ICBC Standard Bank Lose Antitrust Appeal Over Precious Metals
高盛、汇丰、工行标准银行被控操作贵金属价格，上诉失败
Case Analysis
9. Mary Kay Inc. v. Ma **
“玫琳凯”商标侵权及不正当竞争纠纷案
Focus
1
China Again Top Originator of PCT Applications in 2022
2022年，中国仍是PCT申请量最大的来源国
According to data released by the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO) on February 28, China remained the top originator of International Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications in 2022, with 70,015 PCT applications filed (up 0.6% from the previous year). The US came in second with 59,056 applications, (down 0.6% on 2021). Japan followed with 50,345 applications (+0.1%). The Republic of Korea and Germany rounded out the top five, with 22,012 applications and 17,530 applications respectively, growing 6.2% and 1.5% respectively. The data also shows that China has been the top originator of PCT applications since 2019, with China’s Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. being the top filer of PCT applications in 2022.
根据世界知识产权组织（WIPO）2月28日发布的数据，2022年，中国以70,015件申请量保持PCT最大的来源国地位，相比前一年增长0.6%。美国以59,056件申请位居第二位（同2021年相比下降0.6%）。日本以50,345件申请（+0.1%）紧随其后。排在前五位的还有韩国和德国，分别有22,012件和17,530件申请，增长了6.2%和1.5%。数据还显示，自2019年以来，中国一直是PCT申请的最大来源国，而中国华为技术有限公司是2022年最大的PCT申请人。
2
US Patent Office to Introduce Electronic Patent Grants in April
4月起，美专局将颁发电子专利证书
The US Patent and Trademark Office has announced it will move toward issuing electronic patent grants to patent recipients beginning April 18, the office said Monday. Under this new process, patent recipients will receive their electronic patent grant on the day it is issued, USPTO said. The agency will provide a bound paper version as a ceremonial copy during a limited transition period, and will then offer paper versions for a fee thereafter, according to the office. "The eGrant process not only minimizes paper waste, but it also benefits stakeholders by streamlining the process. It’s a win-win for the agency and for our customers." said Kathi Vidal, Director of the USPTO.
美国专利商标局（USPTO）本周一宣布，将从4月18日开始向专利权人发放电子专利证书。USPTO称，根据这一新程序，专利权人将在电子专利发放之日获得电子专利证书。在有限的过渡期内，该机构将提供装订的纸质版本，之后若提供纸质版本则需收费。USPTO的局长Kathi Vidal称：电子专利流程不仅减少了纸张浪费，还通过简化流程使利益相关者受益。这对代理公司和我们的客户来说都是一个双赢的局面。
3
China tops nuclear fusion patent ranking, beating U.S. and Japan
核聚变专利竞争力：中国第一！领先美日
China came first in a nuclear fusion patent ranking, ahead of second-placed U.S., which was followed by the U.K. and Japan, according to Tokyo-based research company astamuse. The research company ranked 30 countries and regions by studying the 1,133 patents filed between 2011 and September 2022. Each country's score was calculated by using the number of patents filed, the feasibility of each innovation, and the remaining period of exclusivity, among others. China was also ranked first in the number of patents, and companies and research institutions that had filed patents in the nuclear fusion field. The number of patents filed by China started to increase from 2015, pushing the country ahead of the U.S.
2月22日消息，据外媒报道，中国在申请核聚变技术专利方面全球领先。根据总部位于东京的研究公司astamuse汇编的核聚变专利排名，中国排名第一，美国排名第二，紧随其后的是英国和日本。astamuse统计了在30个国家和地区申请的相关专利。针对2011年至2022年9月公开的1133项专利，将可行性和权利剩余保护期等专利的竞争力转化为得分，排出了名次。按专利申请的企业和研究机构的国籍来看，中国排在首位（申请数量也排首位）。2015年以后中国申请的专利大幅增长，超过了美国。
4
JPO published Japan-China-Korea Concordance List of Similar Group Codes
日本专利局发布《日中韩类似组代码一致性列表》
On March 3, JPO published on its official website the Japan-China-Korea Concordance List of Similar Group Codes corresponding to Nice Classification, 12th edition, Version 2023 (NCL(12-2023)). JPO, CNIPA and KIPO are working on a cooperative project to compile concordance lists that indicate the corresponding relationships among the respective, similar group codes used for trademark examination at the JPO, the CNIPA and the KIPO, based on a trilateral agreement the three offices signed. Similar group codes are the codes assigned to goods and services that are presumed to be similar to each other in trademark examination. The project aims to improve the predictability of examination results, by encouraging users who file trademark applications with the JPO, the CNIPA or the KIPO to utilize the concordance lists when searching for the existence of already registered trademarks.
3月3日，日本专利局在其官网发布了与《尼斯分类》第12版对应的《日中韩类似组代码一致性列表》。据悉，日本专利局（JPO）、中国国家知识产权局（CNIPA）及韩国知识产权局（KIPO）正在进行一个合作项目：根据三方签署的协议编制一致性列表，以表明在JPO、CNIPA和KIPO用于商标审查的类似组代码之间的相应关系。类似组代码是指在商标审查中假定彼此类似的商品和服务的代码。该项目旨在鼓励向JPO、CNIPA或KIPO提交商标申请的用户在搜索已注册的商标时使用一致性列表，从而提高审查结果的可预测性。
IP Practice
5
FAS: Apple pays 906 million rouble antitrust fine in Russia
俄罗斯联邦反垄断局：苹果公司已支付9.06亿卢布反垄断罚款
Apple has paid a 906 million rouble ($12.12 million) fine in a Russian antitrust case alleging abuse of its dominance in the mobile apps market, Russia's Federal Anti-monopoly Service (FAS) said on Monday. FAS ruled in January that Apple's distribution of apps through its iOS operating system gave its own products a competitive advantage. Apple had disagreed with the FAS ruling and appealed the decision at various stages, but had been unsuccessful and ultimately complied with the order, the FAS said.
俄罗斯联邦反垄断局（FAS）周一表示，苹果公司在俄罗斯为其反垄断案的指控支付了9.06亿卢布（约合1212万美元）的罚款。俄联邦反垄断局于1月裁定，苹果公司通过其iOS操作系统发布的应用程序使其自身产品具有垄断式的竞争优势。据悉，苹果公司此前并不同意俄联邦反垄断局的裁决。俄联邦反垄断局表示，苹果公司曾在不同阶段对该裁决提出上诉，但最终遵守了罚款决定。
6
Audi's request to invalidate NIO ES8 and ES6 trademarks rejected
奥迪诉蔚来商标侵权请求被驳回
Audi's request to invalidate NIO ES8 and ES6 trademarks in Europe rejected, according to news on Feb 24. The European Intellectual Property Office has ruled that NIO's ES8 and ES6 and Audi's S8 and S6 do not constitute a likelihood of confusion and thus rejected Audi's request. The latest development means that NIO's ES8 and ES6 trademarks will remain valid in the EU unless Audi overturns the EUIPO's ruling. A month ago, a German court ruled in favor of Audi in a lawsuit against NIO in the first instance. Under the ruling, Chinese EV maker Nio could not advertise the ES6 and ES8 in Germany and faced a fine of 250,000 euros.
2月24日消息，奥迪在欧洲对蔚来ES8和ES6商标提出的无效请求被驳回。欧盟知识产权局（European Intellectual Property Office）裁定，蔚来ES8/ES6和奥迪的S8/S6不构成混淆性近似（likelihood of confusion)，并因此驳回了奥迪的请求。这意味着除非奥迪推翻欧盟知识产权局的这项裁定，否则蔚来的ES8和ES6商标将在欧盟将继续为有效注册商标。一个月前，德国法院在对蔚来的一审诉讼中做出了有利于奥迪的裁决。根据该裁决，蔚来不能在德国为ES6和ES8做广告，并面临25万欧元的罚款。
7
Moderna wins trademark case against JW Pharmaceutical
Moderna 在与JW制药公司的商标纠纷中获胜
Moderna has won a judgment to cancel the trademark "SPIKE," registered in 1989 by JW Pharmaceutical in Korea, saying the name is similar to Moderna's Covid-19 product name. According to the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), the Intellectual Property Trial and Appeals Board (IPTAB) ruled in favor of Moderna regarding the cancelation of the SPIKE trademark registration, filed by Moderna against JW Pharmaceutical last Thursday. "It is impossible to avoid cancellation as JW Pharmaceutical did not provide any information that it used the trademark for a designated product in Korea three years prior to the date of the cancellation request. The company did not prove a legitimate reason for not using the trademark, either," the IPTAB ruled.
Moderna获胜，成功取消了韩国JW制药公司1989年注册的“spike”商标，称该名称与Moderna的Covid-19产品名称相似。据韩国知识产权局（KIPO）称，知识产权审判与上诉委员会（IPTAB）做出了对Moderna的有利裁决，取消了JW制药公司注册的“spike”商标。据悉该商标撤销申请是Moderna上周四提起的。IPTAB裁定，该商标的撤销是不可避免的，因为JW制药没有提供任何信息，证明其在撤销申请提出日之前三年内，在韩国的指定产品中使用了该商标。该公司也没有证明不使用该商标的合法理由。
8
Goldman, HSBC, and ICBC Standard Bank Lose Antitrust Appeal Over Precious Metals
高盛、汇丰被控操作贵金属价格，上诉失败
Affiliates of Goldman Sachs Group Inc., HSBC Holdings, and ICBC Standard Bank are facing revived antitrust litigation over their alleged scheme to fix platinum and palladium prices, said Bloomberg on Wednesday. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit resurrected the case Monday, three years after it was thrown out. Judge Steven J. Menashi, writing for the appellate court, said it’s plausible the companies rigged industry benchmarks used to set the daily prices of the precious metals and related financial derivatives.
据彭博社周三报道，高盛集团、汇丰控股及中国工商银行标准银行正面临反垄断诉讼，因涉嫌操纵贵金属铂金和钯的价格。继三年前被拒绝受理之后，美国第二巡回上诉法院本周一重新提起了此案。法官 Steven J. Menashi在为该上诉法院撰文时称，对上述公司操纵用来设定贵金属和相关金融衍生品每日价格的行业基准的指控是合理的。
Case Analysis
9
In trademark infringement cases, under the prerequisite that the infringing goods in dispute are authentic and they coming from the right holder is the objective fact, if the QR anti-counterfeiting code and production batch number or other information of the infringing product in dispute that can be used to trace back to the distributor have been removed, in the case that the seller has been fully informed of the removal, it will not lead to the impairment of the trademark in dispute in its function of identifying source and the likelihood of confusion of the relevant public, nor will it affect consumers' review in terms of the quality of the product and the reputation of the trademark owner. Therefore, the principle of exhaustion of trademark rights can be applied to the sale of products with no anti-counterfeiting code, which does not constitute trademark infringement.
商标侵权案件中，如果被诉侵权产品为正品，该商品来源于权利人属于客观事实，虽然被诉侵权产品的二维码及生产批号等可以追溯到经销商的部分信息被刮除，但在销售者已经对刮码情况作了充分告知的情况下，不会导致涉案商标的识别来源功能受损和相关公众的混淆误认，也不会影响消费者对于商品本身的品质和商标权人信誉的评价。因此，销售刮码产品的行为可以适用商标权权利用尽原则，不构成商标侵权。
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编译：China IP 国际部
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