在过去十年中，无论是由于过热的住房市场、社交孤立和儿童保育的缺乏，或仅仅是出于对集体生活的热情重燃，多代住房正在复兴。根据决议基金会（Resolution Foundation）的数据，英国目前25-34岁的年轻人中有五分之一与父母同住，而皮尤研究中心（Pew Research）估计，目前有6400万美国人居住在多代同堂的家庭中。
Whether it’s due to over-heated housing markets, social isolation, a lack of childcare or simply a renewed interest in communal living, multi-generational housing has seen a renaissance over the course of the last decade. A fifth of 25-34-year-olds in the UK now live with their parents, according to The Resolution Foundation, while Pew Research calculates that 64 million Americans presently reside in multi-generational households.
摄影：Ossip van Duivenbode
根据约翰·伯恩斯房地产咨询公司（John Burns Real Estate Consulting）的一项研究，这一数字很可能会增加，有41％的美国潜在购房者在寻找房产时考虑需要容纳父母或成年子女。
This number is likely set to increase, with 41 per cent of prospective US home buyers considering the need to accommodate a parent or adult child when looking for properties, according to a study by John Burns Real Estate Consulting.摄影：Daici Ano、Takumi Ota
然而，单户住宅的过剩意味着全球许多住房没有适应这种人口结构的变化。更重要的是，那些能够容纳两个半孩子以上的家庭住房通常是通过分离出副楼（实际上是从属部分）或者“奶奶房”来实现，而不是通过整合完成。The over-abundance of single-family homes means that much of the global housing stock is ill-suited to such demographic evolutions, however. What’s more, those pre-existing properties that can accommodate households beyond the two-and-a-half-children model often rely on separating, rather than integrating, additional generations through the use of annexes (literally a subordinate part) or the ‘granny flat’.
图源：姚力、张雷联合建筑师事务所
下文展示了4个最新项目，它们打破常规，尝试用功能、灵活性和布局来构建空间，以帮助世代家庭成员长期并按自己的意愿生活在一起。Here we look at four recent projects that push beyond these stereotypes, experimenting with function, flexibility and layout to build spaces that help generations live together both long term, and on their own terms.摄影：Ikuya Sasaki
AZL Architects create layers of privacy in Shanghai为了照顾生病的母亲，客户老宋从上海市区的一间顶层公寓搬到了奉贤区的老家，因为公寓狭窄的电梯和室内交通对坐轮椅的老宋母亲很不方便。另外，他还邀请身体不大好的亲家夫妇一起回奉贤，方便相互照应抱团养老。To care for his ailing mother, client Lao Song moved from a penthouse in Shanghai to his old family home in the Fengxian district – however the lift and the indoor circulation proved much too narrow for her wheelchair. But then, he thought: Why not provide his daughter and his son-in-law with the same opportunity for his parents, who also suffer from health issues?
设计团队拆除了老房子的整个结构，并打造了一个方便活动的单元，总共有五间卧室，但是每个家庭区域的开放和隐私程度各不相同。That’s when the idea hit: he would demolish the entire structure and in its place create a mobility-friendly single unit with five bedrooms in total, but varying levels of community and privacy for each section of the family.
图源：姚力、张雷联合建筑师事务所
Nendo makes use of metaphor in Tokyo这是一栋容纳两个家庭的住宅，亮点在于通过室内楼梯分隔和连接共享生活的同时，还充分利用了建筑环境。长辈的房间位于一楼，年轻夫妇和他们的孩子住在上面的两个楼层。This two-family home highlights how just one interior element – a staircase – can both segregate and connect a shared living arrangement while making the most of a built-up situation. The older couple’s rooms are located on the ground floor while the younger couple and their child live on the two levels above.
摄影：Daici Ano、Takumi Ota
中央楼梯始于花园，穿过玻璃门进入室内，将空间及居者融合，并贯通浴室在内的各功能性要素。楼梯延伸至建筑物的天窗，充当通往外部世界的门户。The central staircase – which begins in the garden and pierces the interior membrane before continuing through the interior – unites the spaces and their inhabitants and incorporates various functional elements, bathrooms among them, before extending through to the building’s skylight to serve as a portal to the world beyond.
摄影：Daici Ano、Takumi Ota
Yoshichika Takagi reinvents tradition in Hokkaido原建筑建造于1974年，采用了那个年代具有当地特色、现在已鲜为人知的一种风格。业主和建筑师决定保留其原有结构，专注于调整其外部层次。Instead of tearing down a 1974 house done in a then-vernacular and now-anonymous style, a family and an architect decided to keep its bones and instead focus on adapting the outer layer.这栋住宅是北海道的传统民居，“变形的”三角形倾斜屋顶看起来像是技术故障。但是建筑师高木贵间看到了它的空间潜力：可以利用会呼吸的顶层房间将住宅变成复式房屋，长辈住在较低的楼层单元，后代住在较高的楼层中。 The original dwelling is an example of Hokkaido’s Minka housing, featuring so-called ‘deformed’ sloped roofs – they look like a technical glitch forced itself upon a triangular roof. But architect Yoshichika Takagi saw its spatial potential: this breathing room on top could be used to turn the residence into a duplex of sorts, with parents living in the lower unit and their offspring in the upper one.
摄影：Ikuya Sasaki
Beta anticipates the future in Amsterdam阿姆斯特丹是欧洲最具竞争力的住房市场之一，在那里如何打造容纳一家三代的住宅呢？本土建筑公司Beta提供了一种“微型公寓建筑”形式的解决方案：顶层是长辈房，下层配有花园，中间是客房。How do you accommodate three generations of one family who decide they all want to live in Amsterdam, one of Europe’s most competitive housing markets? Local architecture firm Beta provided a solution in the shape of a mini-apartment building: a dwelling for the elderly couple on top, a larger unit with a garden below and a guest suite between them.
摄影：Ossip van Duivenbode
楼层平面是根据垂直交通系统划分的，因此任何一侧均可连接至楼梯，以创造不同的空间组合，能够灵活适应孩子成年后的空间需求。As the floorplan is divided by a vertical access system, either side can be connected to the staircase to create different configurations – offering greater flexibility for when the children become young adults.
摄影：Ossip van Duivenbode
文/PETER MAXWELL
翻译/竞炜
校对/果果
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