基于性能定量分析的建筑产品优化设计与建筑类型扩展研究｜东南大学建筑学院研究生建筑设计课程
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教学指导：张宏、傅秀章、李永辉、王伟、张弦
Instructors: Zhang Hong, Fu Xiuzhang, Li Yonghui, Wang Wei, Zhang Xian
助 教：罗申、刘沛、张睿哲、沙楚翘
Teaching Assistants: Luo Shen, Liu Pei, Zhang Ruizhe, Sha Chuqiao
设计团队：洪道宁、陈雨蒙、胡心怡、艾荔、吴婷如、蔡宜可、杨泽晖、徐质文、刘乐、赵国利、葛珈辰、胡左凡、凯伊
Students: Hong Daoning, Chen Yumeng, Hu Xinyi, Ai Li, Wu Tingru, Cai Yike, Yang Zehui, Xu Zhiwen, Liu Le, Zhao Guoli, Ge Jiachen, Hozuifa Mohamed Ahmed abdalrahman Adam, Georgina Esi Takyi-Annan
特邀评委：董文俊 南京长江都市建筑设计股份有限公司总经理
Guest Judge: Dong Wenjun, General Manager of Nanjing Yangtze River Urban Architectural Design Co., Ltd.
课程背景
Background
2018年8月，C-House主动式绿色产能房屋作为中国东南大学-德国布伦瑞克工业大学联队（Team TUBSEU）的竞赛项目房屋荣获2018中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛第三名的成绩。但对C-House的研究并没有终止，相应的下一代建筑产品优化设计正有条不紊地继续进行。
C-House was awarded the third place in the Solar Decathlon China 2018 as the competition project of Southeast University and Technical University Braunschweig Union (TUBSEU) in August 2018.However, the research on C-House has not been terminated, and the corresponding next-generation building product optimization design is proceeding in an orderly manner.
C-House 由简洁的立方体(Cube)和集成的核芯(Core)的组合。C-House的核芯集成了所有服务空间，围绕核芯布置围护结构，形成整体通用空间。TUB-SEU团队还采用了主动式太阳能技术和超高速装配技术，使其在短短20天内建成了一座主动式低碳产能装配式房屋。
C-House is a combination of a compact cube and an integrated core. The core integrates all services and enclosures around the core to form a general space. The TUB-SEU team also uses active solar technology and high-speed assembly technology to build an active low-carbon capacity assembly house in just 20 days.
Objectives
C-House是东南大学建筑学院建筑技术与科学学科的轻型结构太阳能产能房屋的第八代产品。与建筑作品设计模式从“无”到“有”的创造不同，建筑产品设计模式追求从“有”到“更好”的优化和改善。
C-House is the 8th generation of light structure solar energy plus houses in the Department of Building Science and Technology, School of Architecture, Southeast University. Different from the creation of architectural design patterns from “nothing” to “having”, the architectural product design model pursues the optimization and improvement from “having” to “better”.
本次课程教学的总体目标是了解作为产品的建筑设计逻辑并初步学会建筑产品的设计方法，运用性能方面的定量分析，在C-House基础上进行建筑产品优化设计与建筑类型扩展研究，推动轻型结构太阳能产能房屋的第九代产品的研发。
The overall goal of this course is to understand the architectural design logic of the product and to initially learn the design method of the building product. Based on C-House, the research on building product optimization design and building type expansion is to carried out with quantitative analysis of performance, while the development of the 9th generation of light-weight structure solar capacity houses to be promoted.
作为新型建筑学教学的重要组成部分，本次课程从组成建筑的基本要素构件出发，在把控形式与空间之外，更强调对建筑建造过程、内外环境性能的控制。本次课程的开展，是新型建筑学推动建筑与性能进行协同设计的一次重要的教学实践。
As an important part of the Next Generation Architecture teaching, this course starts from the basic elements of the building, and emphasizes the control of the building construction process and the internal and external environmental performance in addition to the control of form and space. The development of this course is an important teaching practice for the Next Generation Architecture to promote the collaborative design of architecture and performance.
课程特点
Features
1. 基于性能的定量分析与建筑设计优化研究
Performance-based quantitative analysis and architectural design optimization
传统建筑设计着眼于建筑形式、空间、功能的设计，属于艺术人文研究的范畴。本次课程的设计研究则具有工程设计技术研究和建筑内外环境性能控制研究，及其关联互动整体研究三个显著特征。因此学习研究建筑信息模型软件Revit和各类性能模拟软件是进行课程设计的前提。同学们总结了现有的性能模拟软件的计算内容、适用范围、存在问题，以及相应的性能建模软件平台。在此基础上，选择合适的性能模拟软件进行定量分析，并与建筑设计同步优化设计方案，进行产品化建筑设计。
Traditional architectural design focuses on the design of architectural forms, spaces and functions, and belongs to the category of artistic humanities research. The design of this course has three remarkable features: engineering technology research, internal and external environmental performance control, and its associated interactive overall research. Therefore, learning to study the building information model software Revit and various performance simulation software is the premise. The students summarize the calculation content, scope of application, existing problems of the existing performance simulation software, and the corresponding modeling platform. On this basis, they select the appropriate performance simulation software for quantitative analysis, and optimize the design with architectural design to carry out product design.
2. 建筑类型扩展研究
Building type expansion study
本课程组成三个协同设计小组，将C-House作为原型，针对独立别墅、联排别墅和高层住宅三种类型进行空间布局、内外环境性能、室外人文环境、社区结构、BIPV等方面的优化设计，实现类型扩展的迭代产品化建筑设计。
This course consists of three collaborative teams, using C-House as a prototype to optimize the spatial layout, internal and external environmental performance, outdoor human environment, community structure, BIPV, etc. for independent villas, townhouses and high-rise residential buildings, to realize the iterated product architectural design of type expansion.
3. 协同设计研究
Collaborative design research
产品模式的建筑研发，本质上是协同设计。性能定量计算与设计优化如何同步开展？建筑学背景的同学如何与暖通、能源、室内设计等其他专业背景的学生进行协同设计？是本次课程设计方法探索的有益尝试。
The architectural development of the product model is essentially a collaborative design. How do performance quantitative calculations and design optimizations work simultaneously? How do students in the architectural background collaborate with students from other professional backgrounds such as HVAC, energy, and interior design? It is a useful attempt to explore the design method of this course.
课程时间：2018.10.25 - 2019.1.15
Time: 2018.10.25 - 2019.1.15
校内终期答辩：
Final Project Review:
课程分为3个协同设计小组，分别以独立别墅、联排别墅和高层住宅为深化设计方向进行研究探讨。
Three collaborative teams for independent villas, townhouses and high-rise residential buildings.
独栋组的同学们通过对好建筑的五个标准分析，确定理想的住宅形式，将C-House与之相对照，确定优化设计内容。性能设计的同学通过对C-House现有设备系统的室内CFD分析和建筑的能耗分析为建筑设计同学提供优化建议。初步设计后运用能耗定量计算对比的方法进行设计取舍，再进行方案深化——建筑方面进行构件法建筑设计和人文庭院设计，性能方面进行能耗平衡计算和暖通系统优化。
By analyzing the five criteria of the good building, the ideal residential form is determined, and C-House is compared to determine the optimal design content. Optimization suggestions for architectural design students through indoor CFD analysis and energy consumption analysis of C-House's existing systems are provided by performance design students. After the preliminary design, the method of energy consumption quantitative calculation and comparison is used to design and choose. Then the solution is deepened -- the building method is used for structural design and human courtyard design, while the energy balance calculation and HVAC system optimization are performed in terms of performance.
大户型深化设计：
Luxury Residence Deepen Design:
大户型性能设计：
Luxury Residence Performance Design:
小户型深化设计：
Economy Residence Deepen Design：
联排组的同学们首先确定了联排的设计要点——确定各户间的连接方式，通过对比分析三种不同连接程度的连接方案，最终综合各方案优点确定了最终连接方案；我们通过与高层组的构件统一确定了联排的单元模数，初步设计了两种组合方式后进行室内采光通风及暖通设备的性能模拟，同时计算不同方案的太阳能发电量，最终优化并确定了两种组合方式，并对庭院进行了详细设计；同时我们结合室外风环境模拟，对组团平面和小区平面进行了设计。
Firstly, the design points of the townhouse are determined. The connection mode between the households is determined. By comparing and analyzing the connection schemes of three different connection degrees, the final connection scheme is determined by combining the advantages of each scheme. The unit modulus of the row is designed by unifying the components of the high-level group, while the combination of the two modes is initially designed to simulate the performance of indoor lighting and ventilation equipment. Two combinations are combined and the courtyard is designed in detail. According to the outdoor wind environment simulation, the group plane and the cell plane is layout.
协同设计模式：
Collaborative Design Mode
连接方式分析：
Connection Analysis
最终连接方式：
Final Connection Method
高层住宅组
Group3: High-rise Residential Buildings
高层组的同学首先学习了原经济型高层公寓案例，并根据C-house尺寸对柱网进行了调整。面对用户对户型的多种需求，我们对户型进行了丰富，并对三种不同户型都进行了性能分析和优化。面对高层特殊的外观，我们对面积和美观程度进行了权衡，对三种户型组成的高层的产能量都进行了计算。最后，面对走廊间的公共空间，我们进行了作为亮点的建筑设计以及性能改良。
Through the study of the original economical high-rise apartment case, the column network is adjusted according to C-house. In response to the various needs of users for the type of apartment, the number of units are enriched, and performance analysis and optimization are carried out for three different types of units. In the face of the special appearance of the high-rise, the area and the degree of aesthetics were weighed, and the high-level energy production of the three types of units was calculated. Finally, faced with the public space between the corridors, architectural design and performance improvement are carried out as a highlight.
Reflections
陈雨蒙：通过本次设计棵，我重新思考了建筑设计的方式。作为建筑师，首先要摆正自己的位置，建筑师不是一个团队的领导或核心，而是与其它每个部分的都同等重要的设计中的一环，各个环节要互相指导，互相弥补，共同优化，才能最终实现好的设计。通过本次设计中性能优化与建筑优化的互动，我学到了一种以“基于性能定量分析的建筑产品优化设计与建筑类型扩展研究”，在这种设计模式中，所有的建筑设计优化都有性能定量分析为支撑，以优化性能为目的，两部分积极互动，实现性能和建筑的共同优化。同时设计要有“产品思维”，要学会利用已有的优秀技术和成果，学会调动各方优势，协同共进。同时建筑设计要重视作品的艺术人文价值，注重提高人的生活品质，将技术和艺术相结合，才能做出优秀的建筑。
洪道宁：经过本次设计课，我的主要收获有三点，第一，是学会了通过定量计算优化建筑设计的方法，学会了几款有关建筑性能分析的软件，第二，是提升了团队协作的能力，学到了与不同专业背景同学的沟通交流方式，也懂得了在团队合作中，不能以自我为中心的同时也必须用自己的努力提高团队工作的质量，第三，我学会了许多与设计和表达相关的知识，懂得了如何将设计成果有条理地呈现，如何具有说服力地表达工作成果，都是一项十分有必要学习的内容。
艾荔：这是第一次尝试用性能软件指导建筑设计，是一次全新的尝试。以前设计给我的感觉是一种感性的东西，视觉的冲击是最重要的。但是，通过这门设计课，我才明白真正好的建筑设计不仅仅只是好看，建筑的性能也是很重要的。于是，我对设计的认识由感性变为理性：建筑设计可以像做实验一样，一遍遍地优化性能。然后，建筑又可以像产品一样，可以工厂化大生产，可以具有它自己的说明书。总之，这种建筑设计模式是全新的，是有趣的，是具有未来价值的。
赵国利：这次设计课上我负责高层组的性能计算部分，区别于本科直接拿到图纸进行空调系统设计，这是我第一次与建筑学的同学进行协同设计。刚开始我们走了很多弯路，定量分析的结果没有很好地去指导反馈到设计上。随着课程的进行，我与设计的同学互相之间有了更多的交流，慢慢掌握了合作的模式，设计的同学了解各类数据的意义、软件使用的同时，我也了解到了新型建筑中基本构造、原则。我相信无论是负责性能的同学还是负责设计的同学，通过这次的课程都能收获颇丰。
Reflection & Summary
产品化建筑设计是在已有设计的基础上进行优化，而不是从头开始的建筑设计。本次课程在C-House基础上进行建筑产品优化设计与建筑类型扩展研究，是产品化建筑设计方法教学的一次完整探索，设计完成度较高。但本次尝试仍然存在着一些问题：
The product-based architectural design is optimized on the basis of the existing design, not the architectural design that starts from scratch. On the basis of C-house, this course carries on the research of building product optimization design and building type expansion, which is a complete exploration of the teaching. The design completion degree is high. But there are still some problems with this attempt:
1. 建筑性能模拟工具的掌握程度不足，未完全实现具体的模拟预期。
Students ' mastery of architectural performance simulation tools is insufficient, and the specific simulation is not expected to be fully realized.
2. 不同模拟软件分析结果存在差异，需要结合测试数据在下一步设计教学中统一性能模拟软件。
There are differences in the analysis results of different simulation software, so it is necessary to combine the test data to unify the performance simulation software in the next design teaching.
3. 独栋、联排、高层三组的组间交流协作不充分，协同设计研究效果有待提高。
There is not enough communication and cooperation among the three groups, and the research effect of collaborative design needs to be improved.
4. 成果呈现方法单一、专业化不够，需要加强可视化的性能表达。
The result rendering method is single and the specialization is not enough. The visualization performance expression needs to be strengthened.
本次课程将性能模拟、定量计算等理性的分析研究方式与协同设计、产品模式等建筑产品化的设计方法融入到互动的建筑设计过程中来，是向新型建筑学研究生教学实践迈出的重要一步。我们将以此为契机，通过更多的教学和实践，推动建筑学由艺术创作向人文和工程并重发展。
This course is an important step towards the teaching practice of the Next Generation Architecture by incorporating the rational analytical research methods such as performance simulation and quantitative calculation with the design methods of architectural products such as collaborative design and product model into the interactive architectural design process. We will use this as an opportunity to promote the development of architecture from artistic creation to humanities and engineering combination through more teaching and practice.
主要指导老师简介
张宏
东南大学建筑学院教授，博士生导师，建筑技术科学研究所所长、
东南大学工业化住宅与建筑工业研究所所长，东南大学BIM技术研究所所长
主要研究方向：建筑设计与建造，建筑工业化理论与实践，
建筑信息模型（BIM）技术研发与应用，住居学与住宅设计研发
傅秀章
东南大学建筑学院副教授，硕士生导师，
东南大学建筑学院建筑科学与技术研究所副所长，东南大学建筑物理实验室主任
主要研究方向：建筑环境与节能，建筑声学，城市物理环境
王伟
东南大学建筑学院副教授（上岗），博士
主要研究方向：室内定位技术，智能建筑，城市建筑数字化系统与节能策略
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