吃肉的过患是什么？
中英文连载
《The Right View》(138)
WHY VEGETARIAN?
《素食的意义》
The Mahayana Standpoint
二、大乘的观点
The Mahayana point of view is what we particularly want to focus on. Mahayana Buddhism does not tolerate consumption of any kind of meat. Not only meat that does not qualify as being clean but also meat from animals died of illness.
这也是此处要着重强调的。大乘佛教认为：所有的肉都不能吃，不但非三净肉不可以吃，即使是因病而死，不是为食肉而被杀死的牛、羊等等也不能吃。
Where can we find proof of this view in the Mahayana canon? It is mainly in the Lankavatara Sutra and the Nirvana Sutra. There are others, but these two provide the most explicit explanations.
大乘佛教的哪些经典里是这样讲的呢？主要是《楞伽经》和《涅槃经》，其他的经典也有一些记载，但以这两部经的讲述最为清楚、详尽。
The Lankavatara Sutra has expounded the many faults of eating meat. We will only discuss the three major ones here.
《楞伽经》中讲了很多食肉的过失，但这里只讲最重要的三个：
The first is that all sentient beings have been parents to one another since beginningless time. As such, the animals that we eat today surely have once been our parents too. Eating their meat will be like eating the flesh of our own parents or children. It is therefore a wrong thing to do even from the mundane perspective, let alone the supramundane point of view.
第一个原因是，所有的众生从无始以来彼此都做过父母，如我们吃的猪、牛、羊等动物，以前肯定也做过我们的父母，如果吃它们的肉，就等于是吃自己父母或子女的肉。所以，不要说从出世间，就是从世间的角度来看，吃肉也是很不对的。
Second, when animals see meat-eating people, they may seem a little scared. We know that animals in some ways are much more sensitive than humans. They know who are meat eaters and can differentiate the smell between a meat eater and a vegetarian.
第二个原因是，动物看见吃肉的人时，会感到非常恐惧。我们也知道，很多动物的感官比人类的要敏感得多，它们能知道这是吃肉的人，也闻得出肉食者的味道和素食者完全不同。
The Buddha said that when meat eaters approach animals, especially small animals, they may terrify the animals so much as to make them almost feel faint. It is the same as how a human would feel when seeing a Rakshasa, a demon also called man-eater. Consequently, from the perspective of benefiting sentient beings, those who claim to be bodhisattvas, who have taken the bodhisattva vows and are cultivating compassion definitely should not eat meat either.
佛说，当肉食者接近动物，特别是小生命时，它们会非常害怕和恐惧，甚至怕到要昏过去的程度，就如同人看到罗刹（一种吃人的非人）时的感觉一样。所以，自称是菩萨、受菩萨戒、修慈悲心的人肯定也不应该吃肉，这是从利益其他众生的角度讲的。
The third is from the perspective of benefiting both self and others, an especially important point to note. If meat-eaters should be reborn in the animal realm, they would be carnivores for sure. It is because their predilection for meat in this life has left a strong habitual tendency of craving for meat in their alaya consciousness. When they take rebirth, the body may have changed, but the habitual tendency still remains in the alaya consciousness. We can see that when this tendency is in force, some carnivores, just a few hours after being born, would hunt other small animals for food without ever being taught how to. Because they were meat-eaters in the past, the tendency to eat meat is very strong. Coupled with the fact that being animals now makes them unable to choose right from wrong, they cannot help killing for food again this time around. This is the most terrifying aspect.
第三是从自利利他的角度来讲的，这点特别重要。吃肉的人在转世的时候，如果堕于旁生道就绝对会做食肉动物。因为他这一世对肉食非常喜爱，在阿赖耶识上就会留下很浓厚的习气。当投生到另一个身体时，肉体虽然换了，但习气依旧存留在阿赖耶识上。正如我们所看到的，习气成熟时，有些肉食动物在出生后几小时，不用谁教，自己就会去捕食其他小动物来吃。这就是因为他们从前是吃肉的，习气很浓，现在做畜生又不知取舍，这时肯定就会杀生。这一点可以说是最可怕的。
未完待续
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