切斯利·博尼斯泰尔Chesley Bonestell｜展望宇宙的艺术Art that Envisioned the Cosmos
Orion Leaving Space Station One (1968) by Robert McCall. NASA.
Space in today’s day and age correlate with words such as Elon Musk, Apollo, Mars, and maybe even Matt Damon. Advanced cameras and telescopic digital imagery are prevalent and common. Even in our pop culture space is referenced through entertainment and media with references from Cyberpunk, A Space Odyssey, Alien, as well as the futuristic art of Syd Mead. However, taking a step back from what is known today, the first scientifically accurate and visible images of space were made through the fathers of modern space art, Lucien Rudaux (1874-1947) and Chesley Bonestell (1888- 1986).
提到太空，在当今的时代常被人联想起埃隆·马斯克，阿波罗，火星，甚至马特·达蒙这一类词。用先进的相机和望远镜拍摄的天文图像已十分普遍，在流行文化中，太空的概念也被媒体和娱乐业不停提及，例如赛博朋克，太空漫游，异形，以及赛德·米德（Syd Mead）的未来派艺术。但从如今已知的概念上后退一步来看，第一幅精确可见的太空科幻图像是由现代太空艺术先驱卢西安·鲁道（Lucien Rudaux（1874-1947））和切斯利·博涅斯特（Chesley Bonestell（1888-1986））一同创造的。
Works of Lucien Rudaux
卢西安·鲁道的作品
While Lucien Rudaux was the first to accurately depict images of space through his art without the help of technology, it was Chesley Bonestell who pioneered it, building up a tapestry of works that would go on to inspire the American space program and the notion that space was not as far as humans had previously thought.
卢西安·鲁道是第一个在没有技术协助的情况下通过艺术来准确描绘太空的。切斯利·博涅斯特则是开创者，他创作了一系列作品，这些作品不仅启发了美国空间计划，同时也启示着人们，太空并不像前人认为的那样遥远。
Chesley Bonestell
切斯利·博尼斯泰尔
Chrysler building eagle facade
克莱斯勒大厦上的鹰
Golden Gate Bridge painted by Chesley Bonestell CA. 1939
金门大桥
Chesley Bonestell’s work is fortified through his experiences in architecture and his work in motion picture effects in Hollywood. He worked on projects such as the Chrysler building in New York and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco as an architect, while also creating matte paintings for films such as War of the Worlds, Citizen Kane, and Conquest of Space. This collectively allowed him to visualize the cosmos in realistic ways: He would be able to place the observer wherever he wanted, building proportionately accurate compositions of extraterrestrial locations and phenomena as if they were viewed by the human eye. He would work with astronomers and scientists to map out the meticulous details while also at times, taking small artistic liberties to present much more exciting depictions than those seen in science fiction novels, a technique he picked up from his time in Hollywood.
切斯利·波涅斯特在建筑业以及在好莱坞的影像特效方面均有经验，这些经验使他的作品得到强化。他曾作为建筑师参加过纽约克莱斯勒大厦以及旧金山金门大桥等项目的工作，同时也为《世界大战》，《公民凯恩》和《征服太空》等电影制作数字绘景。所有这些经验让他能够以逼真的方式将宇宙可视化，他可以将视角放在任何他所想到的地方，创造出一个准确比例的外星基地和氛围，如同用人眼观察到的一样。他还与天文学家和科学家一起合作，绘制出严谨的细节，有时用一点艺术自由来呈现比科幻小说里更令人兴奋的描写，这是他在好莱坞时期学到的技巧。
Citizen Kane matte paintings by Chesley Bonestell
《公民凯恩》绘景
Saturn as seen from Titan (1944) by Chesley Bonestell
Saturn as seen from Mimas (1943) by Chesley Bonestell
Saturn as seen from Lapetus (1944) by Chesley Bonestell
The depictions of Saturn are key in Bonestell’s career in space art and recurs in many of his works. His first encounter with the mammoth planet was when he was 17 years old where he would look into a telescope for the first time at the Lick Observatory in San Francisco. In fact, in May 1944, Life Magazine would publish one of his most significant works, Saturn as seen from Titan, bolting his career as an astronomical artist while at the same time opening up thousands of careers within the space industry.
在波涅斯特的太空艺术生涯中，土星是一个重要的形象，曾多次出现在他许多的作品中。他与这颗庞大星球最早的一次相遇，是17岁时在旧金山里克天文台首次用望远镜观测到的。1944年5月，《生活》杂志刊登了他最重要的作品之一，《土卫六上看到的土星》。这使他太空艺术的生涯突飞猛进，同时创造出无数围绕太空工业所诞生的职业。
Exploring Copernicus (CA. 1967) by Chesley Bonestell. Alternate version
Orbital Rocket Airplane... Nova Zembla (CA. 1976) by Chesley Bonestell.
Bonestell’s works did not only build mass interest around the human conquest of space but would also envision ways in which it would be possible to do so. He would go on to predict the men landing the moon through his work 10 years before it had happened and would also create an image of a space shuttle that is all too familiar to us today. While some of his works have gone on to become a reality, others are still used as a reference such as the depiction of the space domes below that were perhaps borrowed by the team at SpaceX to visualize the colonization of Mars.
波涅斯特的作品不仅使人类对征服太空充满向往，同时他还构想了将这种可能性实现的方式。他在人类成功登月的10年之前就曾在作品中预料了登月的场景，同时还创造出如今我们十分熟悉的航天飞机的形象。他的作品中，有些已成为现实，还有些仍将被用作未来的参考，例如下面这幅对太空穹顶的描绘，也许可以被SpaceX团队借鉴以实现火星殖民。
Mars. Space domes illustrations by Chesley Bonestell
火星。太空穹顶的图像
Mars City concept art. SpaceX
SpaceX殖民火星
Chesley Bonestell would continue to paint until his last day on Earth, June 11th, 1986 at the old age of 98. He stood as a visionary for the future, pushing humanity into the advent of the space age and shaping the future for generations to come through the power of his art and creative thinking. From his first real encounter with the cosmos to his seemingly never-ending contributions to the visual and conceptual library of space art, he is without a doubt worthy of his honorable legacy that lives on with us today.
切斯利·博涅斯特一直在创作，直到1986年6月11日，那是他在地球上的最后一天，享年98岁。他以对未来的远见卓识，将人类推入太空时代。他作品中的力量以及那些无限创造力的想法影响并塑造了后来的无数人。从他第一次与宇宙的相遇，到后来对太空艺术所做出的无尽贡献，毫无疑问切斯利在视觉上和概念上都为太空艺术留下了无尽的财富，直到今天依旧珍贵。
For more information on the artist, please click here
更多关于艺术家的信息，请点击这里
Translation 翻译 Rona Xia
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