【功能词汇】书面表达常用关联词语
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表达观点 | in my opinion | In my opinion, you're wrong.依我看，你错了。 |
in my view | In my view, the scheme seems unworkable. 在我看来，这个计划似乎行不通。 | |
from my point of view | This is unacceptable from my point of view. 依我看, 这事不能同意。 | |
as far as I can see | As far as I can see, the whole matter is open-and-shut.我看整件事是一清二楚。 | |
as far as I'm concerned | As far as I'm concerned, you can do what you like. 对我个人来说, 你怎么做都可以。 | |
so far as I know | So far as I know, that is highly unlikely. 就我所知，那是极不可能的 | |
表递进
| besides | I don't want to come out now, and besides, I must work.我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。 |
furthermore | The house is too small, and furthermore, it's too far from the office.这座房子太小,而且离办公地点也太远。 | |
what’s more | They are going to get married, and what's more, they are setting up in business together. 他们就要结婚了, 而且还要一起做生意呢。 | |
in addition | Last year I won the second prize at our District Writing Competition. In addition, I am also a good photographer, which might be useful for some of the articles.去年我在我们的地区写作比赛中获得二等奖。此外，我也是一个很好的摄影师，这可能对一些文章有用。 | |
worse still | He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all.他可能会迟到。更糟的是，他可能根本不来。 | |
what’s worse | I’m fourteen and I’m much shorter for my age. What’s worse, I’m very fat. 我十四岁，就我的年龄来说，我矮多了。更糟的是，我很胖。 | |
to make matters worse | To make matters worse, he refused to apologize. 更糟的是，他拒不道歉。 | |
表并列 | also | She has a reputation for brilliance. Also, she is extremely pretty.她有才华横溢的名声。而且，她非常漂亮。 |
(and... )as well A as well as B既B又A，除By还A，不但B还/也A | She's an attractive woman, and wealthy as well.她是个很有魅力的女人, 而且很富有 A teacher should entertain as well as teach.教师不仅要教书，也要激起学生的兴趣。 | |
however | We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽力了。然后，我们还是输了。 | |
either…or | It comes down to two choices: you either improve your work, or you leave.归结起来有两条出路: 你或者改进工作, 或者辞职。 | |
neither…nor | He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不喝酒也不抽烟。 | |
not only / merely…but also | She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏, 而且还会作曲。 | |
both…and | The price includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具。 | |
not...but | It was not greed but ambition that drove him to crime. 驱使他犯罪的并非贪婪而是野心。 | |
表因果 | therefore | He was the only candidate; therefore, he was elected.他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。 |
thus | He didn’t work hard. Thus, he was fired.他工作不努力,因此被解雇。 | |
accordingly | He was asked to leave the city and accordingly he went. 有人叫他离开该城市,所以他就走了。 | |
(and) as a result | He often invited me to join his particular group, and as a result, I started getting to know people. 他经常邀请我加入他的特别小组，结果，我开始认识别人。 | |
as a result of | About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking. 20世纪90年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟。 | |
because of | He failed his maths examination because of his careless work.他由于粗心大意,数学考试没及格。 | |
due to | The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。 | |
owing to | Owing to /Due to the heavy traffic, he was late. 因交通拥挤, 他迟到了。 | |
thanks to | It was thanks to John that we won the game.多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。 | |
表转折 | however | I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.我有点累了,但我能坚持下去。 |
still | I hadn't seen him for 25 years. Still, I recognized him immediately when I saw him.我有25年没见过他了。尽管如此，我一见到他就认出了他。 | |
at the same time | John did pass the test; at the same time he didn't know the subject very well. 约翰考试的确及格了，可是他对这门学科掌握得并不好。 | |
on the contrary | It doesn't seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful. 我觉得它并不丑, 恰恰相反, 它挺美。 | |
in fact | He doesn't mind. In fact, he’s very pleased.他没介意。事实上，他很高兴。 | |
as a matter of fact | Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night. As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can make you look tired, and even cause you to gain weight.青少年每晚需要8到10个小时的睡眠。事实上，睡眠不足会让你看起来很累，甚至会让你增重。 | |
on the other hand | On the one hand, some modem art is abstract. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.一方面，一些现代艺术是抽象的。另一方面，一些现代艺术的绘画非常写实，看起来就像照片。 | |
in contrast to /with | In contrast with your belief that we shall fail, I know we shall succeed.你认为我们会失败，与你想的相反，我相信我们会成功。 | |
(but) after all | I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best.我知道他未完成这项工作,但是要记住,他还是尽力了。 | |
despite | He was still full of optimism for the future despite his many problems. 他尽管有许多问题, 但对未来仍十分乐观。 | |
in spite of | In spite of her illness, she is relatively cheerful. 她尽管有病, 但仍很快乐。 | |
表强调 | extremely | I'm extremely sorry for the delay. 对此延误, 我深感抱歉。 |
especially | I like games in general, and especially football .各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。 | |
sincerely | I sincerely hope you will soon be restored to health. 我衷心希望你早日康复。 | |
obviously | Obviously, she needs help. 显然，她需要帮助。 | |
certainly | He certainly has his back to the wall for he has lost his job.无疑他的情况不妙，因为他失业了。 | |
surely | If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责,这个项目肯定会成功。 | |
indeed | He is indeed young, but he is competent.他固然年轻,但他很称职。 | |
above all | Children need many things, but above all they need love. 孩子们需要很多东西，但最需要的是爱。 | |
of course | I am of course familiar with your work.我当然熟悉你的工作。 | |
表解释 | or rather更确切地说 | He left late last night, or rather early this morning.他昨夜很晚,更确切地说是今天一大早才走。 |
that is to say | He's 15，that is to say, he;s very young.他15岁，也就是说，他很年轻。 | |
in other words | To help students develop these social skills, schools offer a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons.为了帮助学生发展这些社交技能，学校提供大量的课外活动，换句话说，就是在课堂之外所开展的活动。 | |
to tell you the truth | To tell you the truth, I don't know what the answer is.说实话，我不知道答案是什么。 | |
to put it simply | In order to improve your memory, first and foremost, you need to stimulate your memory all the time. To put it simply, you should use your memory as much as possible. It is especially important to try to learn something new.为了提高你的记忆力，首先，你需要一直刺激你的记忆。简单地说，你应该尽可能多地使用你的记忆力。尝试学习新东西尤其重要。 | |
表比较 | similarly | Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly, bicycles have to stop too.汽车在红灯前必须停车；同样，自行车也必须停。 |
just like | That baby looks just like her father! 那婴儿真像她父亲。 | |
in the same way | ||
表列举 | as follows如下(用以引导列举对象) | The main events were as follows: first, the president's speech, secondly the secretary's reply and thirdly, the chairman's summing-up. 主要活动如下: 第一项, 总裁讲话; 第二项, 秘书做解答; 第三项, 主席做总结。 |
first...then... | He’s had a bad year. First he lost his job, then his wife left him.他度过了糟糕的一年。他先是丢了工作，然后他妻子又离开了他。 | |
for one thing… and for another (thing)(引出理由) | I'm sorry I can't help you. For one thing, I'm in a hurry, and for another, I have a bad back. 对不起, 我帮不了你，一来我有急事, 二来我后背有毛病。 | |
first (ly), second (ly), third (ly), finally /last but not least | To tell you the truth, I agree to the latter opinion. Firstly, a lucky mind will not produce miracles. Secondly, lucky numbers can never change any objective reality. Last but not least, many people like lucky numbers just for fun. In a word, what contributes to success most is hard work rather than lucky numbers.说实话，我同意后一种观点。首先，幸运的头脑不会产生奇迹。其次，幸运数字不能改变任何客观现实。最后但并非最不重要的，许多人喜欢幸运数字只是为了好玩。总之，最有助于成功的是努力工作，而不是幸运数字 | |
表举例 | for example | Not only rich men become President. For example, Lincoln was born poor.不只是富人成为总统。例如，林肯出身贫寒。 You can buy fruit here — oranges and bananas, for example.你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。 |
for instance | There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance, training lions. 有些工作比开卡车更危险;例如，训练狮子。 Several of his friends came: Ben, Carol and Mike, for instance. 他的几个朋友来了, 比如本、卡罗尔、麦克。 | |
take…for example | A lot of women manage to bring up families and go out to work at the same time---take Angela, for example. 很多女子既能料理家务同时又外出工作—譬如安杰拉, 就是个例子。 | |
take... as an example | ||
such as | She took part in many extracurricular activities, such as music, sports and drama. 她参加了许多课外活动, 如音乐、运动和戏剧。 | |
and so on (and so forth) | We discussed everything-when to go, what to prepare and so on.我们讨论了一切——什么时候去，准备什么等等。 | |
表总结 | in short | Try tennis, badminton or windsurfing. In short, anything challenging.试试网球、羽毛球或帆板运动。简而言之，任何具有挑战性的事情。 |
in brief | In brief, take no risks.简而言之，不要冒险。 | |
in conclusion | In conclusion, I should like to thank all those who have helped me.最后，我要感谢所有帮助过我的人。 | |
in a word | John is smart, knowledgeable, and well-behaved. In a word, he is admirable.约翰聪明、知识渊博，而且行为端正。总之，他是令人钦佩的。 | |
to sum up | To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.概括起来，处理这一问题主要有三种办法。 | |
all in all | All in all, it was a lot of fun for everyone who went.总的说来，对去了的人来说，是一件很愉快的事。 | |
to make a long story short | To make a long story short, cloud computing is the future of IT.长话短说，云计算是IT的未来。 | |
表时间 | at first /first /in the first instance /in the beginning /first of all...but /and then... | At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people. 起初我还以为他很腆, 后来我才发觉他是不爱理人。 First of all she just smiled, then she started to laugh. 最初她只是微笑, 后来才放声大笑。 |
later, soon, soon after |
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