国际视野 | Nature Climate Change-2019第7期

Volume 9 Issue 7,

July2019

Image:

 Carl R. Battreall / Design Pics / Getty.  

Cover Design: 

Tulsi Voralia.

输

Primate vulnerability

Nonhuman primates deliver important ecological benefits to tropical ecosystems, but human-induced climate change is a growing threat to their survival. A trait-based approach is used to assess the vulnerability of 607 primate taxa to cyclones and droughts, extreme climatic events that are expected to increase or intensify in the coming decades.

译：灵长类动物的脆弱性

非人灵长类动物为热带生态系统带来了重要的生态效益，但人类引起的气候变化对它们的生存构成了越来越大的威胁。基于特征的方法用于评估607种灵长类动物类群对飓风和干旱的脆弱性，且该极端气候事件预计在未来几十年内将会增加或加剧。

See Ameca et al.

Editorial

Editorial | 25 June 2019

Sustainable development through climate action

Parties to the Paris Agreement must increase their ambition, but stringent climate policy has the potential to put sustainable development at risk. A collaborative effort is underway to identify potential trade-offs and to strengthen synergies between climate action and sustainable development.

译：通过气候行动实现可持续发展

“巴黎协定”的缔约方必须增加其雄心壮志，但严格的气候政策有可能使可持续发展面临风险。正在开展协作努力，以确定潜在的权衡取舍并加强气候行动与可持续发展之间的协同作用。

Correspondence

Correspondence | 24 June 2019

Japan’s opportunity to lead

Daniel Aldrich, Phillip Y. Lipscy & Mary M. McCarthy

译：日本本有机会领导气候行动

Comment

Comment | 17 June 2019

The Achilles heel of climate-smart agriculture

Climate-smart food systems are needed to feed growing populations while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and conserving natural resources. However, to be successful, climate-smart agriculture interventions must be equitable and inclusive to overcome trade-offs with other Sustainable Development Goals.

Jon Hellin & Eleanor Fisher

译：气候智能型农业的致命弱点

需要气候智能粮食系统来养活不断增长的人口，同时减少温室气体排放并保护自然资源。然而，为了取得成功，气候智能型农业干预措施必须公平和包容，以克服与其他可持续发展目标间的权衡。

Comment | 24 June 2019

Tackling climate change to accelerate sustainable development

The 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement share the purpose of creating a more resilient, productive and healthy environment for present and future generations. Nations must seize the opportunity to raise their ambition, realize synergies and minimize trade-offs.

Liu Zhenmin & Patricia Espinosa

译：应对气候变化以加速可持续发展

“2030年议程”和“巴黎协定”的共同目的是为当前和后代创造一个更具弹性，生产力和健康的环境。各国必须抓住机会提高雄心，实现协同增效并尽量减少权衡。

Q&A

Q&A | 24 June 2019

Sustainable development and climate goals

In April 2019, the United Nations convened a Global Conference on Strengthening Synergies between the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We asked five experts to discuss the challenges in dealing with the simultaneous goals of fostering sustainable development and combatting climate change.

Adam Yeeles

译：可持续发展和气候目标

2019年4月，联合国召开了一次关于加强“巴黎协定”与“2030年可持续发展议程”之间协同作用的全球会议。我们请五位专家讨论在处理促进可持续发展和应对气候变化的同步目标方面所面临的挑战。

Research Highlights

Research Highlight | 25 June 2019

Heart unhealthy ozone

Adam Yeeles

译：臭氧可能使心脏亚健康

Research Highlight | 25 June 2019

Further poleward influence

Baird Langenbrunner

译：ET的进一步极向影响

Research Highlight | 25 June 2019

Optimal city design

Bronwyn Wake

译：最佳城市设计

Research Highlight | 25 June 2019

Energy aid emission costs

Jenn Richler

译：能源援助排放成本

News & Views

News & Views | 24 June 2019

Fear, grief, hope and action

Negative emotions around climate change may inhibit people’s capacity to affect change. New research on tourists’ perceptions of coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef suggests that loss associated with iconic places taps into protective sentiments and increases concern, which may encourage collective action.

Ross Westoby & Karen E. McNamara

译：恐惧，悲伤，希望和行动

气候变化带来的负面情绪可能会抑制人们影响变化的能力。关于游客对大堡礁珊瑚褪色的看法的新研究表明，与标志性地方相关的损失会引发保护性情绪并增加关注，这可能会鼓励集体行动。

News & Views | 17 June 2019

Fishing communities at risk

With climate change, marine species are on the move and changing in abundance. Now, research shows that the ecological impacts of climate change will differentially affect fishing communities, even within the same region.

Natalie C. Ban

译：渔业社区面临风险

随着气候变化，海洋物种正在迁徙并且变化丰富。现在，研究表明，即使在同一地区，气候变化对生态的影响也会对渔业社区产生不同的影响。

Perspectives

Perspective | 17 June 2019

The need for bottom-up assessments of climate risks and adaptation in climate-sensitive regions

Top-down studies of climate change use climate projections and modelled impacts, whereas bottom-up assessments focus on the recent past and present vulnerability. This Perspective argues that these approaches must be integrated to address the needs of immediate adaptation decisions.

Declan Conway, Robert J. Nicholls[…] & Philippus Wester

译：气候敏感地区需要对气候风险和适应进行自下而上的评估

自上而下的气候变化研究使用气候预测和模拟影响，而自下而上的评估则侧重于最近和过去的脆弱性。该观点认为，必须整合这些方法，以满足即时适应决策的需要。

Letters

Letter | 17 June 2019

Shifting habitats expose fishing communities to risk under climate change

Climate change is projected to directly impact fishing communities through changes to habitat for marine species. A socio-ecological approach is developed to assess fishing community exposure to climate change risk and applied to New England and Mid-Atlantic (USA) fishing communities.

Lauren A. Rogers, Robert Griffin[…] & Malin L. Pinsky

译：在气候变化下，迁徙的栖息地使渔业社区面临风险

预计气候变化将通过改变海洋物种的栖息地直接影响渔业社区。开发了一种社会生态学方法，用于评估渔业社区面临的气候变化风险，并应用于新英格兰和大西洋中部（美国）渔业社区。

Letter | 24 June 2019

Strengthening tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient consistent with rising greenhouse gases

Observations of the tropical Pacific exhibit an increasing zonal sea surface temperature gradient, while climate models predict the opposite. This study shows that an increased gradient is consistent with greenhouse gas warming, and that climate model discrepancies arise from cold tongue biases.

Richard Seager, Mark Cane[…] & Honghai Zhang

译：热带太平洋纬向海表温度梯度增强与温室气体上升一致

热带太平洋的观测显示出纬向海面温度梯度增加，而气候模型预测则相反。这项研究表明，增加的梯度与温室气体变暖是一致的，并且气候模型差异来自冷舌偏差。

Letter | 24 June 2019

Cloud microphysics and circulation anomalies control differences in future Greenland melt

Greenland Ice Sheet melt is contributing to sea-level rise; however, uncertainties exist about its future contributions. A regional climate model shows that clouds are the primary cause of this uncertainty, with melt varying significantly depending on the cloud water phase and atmospheric circulation.

Stefan Hofer, Andrew J. Tedstone[…] & Jonathan L. Bamber

译：云微物理和循环异常控制着未来格陵兰岛融化的差异

格陵兰冰盖融化有助于海平面上升; 但是，其未来的贡献存在不确定性。区域气候模型显示云是造成这种不确定性的主要原因，融化因云水相和大气环流而显著变化。

Letter | 17 June 2019

Setting and smashing extreme temperature records over the coming century

Climate change is causing temperature records to be broken around the world with increased frequency. Under a business-as-usual scenario new records will be set every year for 58% of the world, whilst under heavy mitigation (RCP2.6) this would occur for 14% of the world.

Scott B. Power & François P. D. Delage

译：在下个世纪设置和粉碎极端温度记录

气候变化导致世界各地的温度记录频率增加。在一切照旧的情况下，每年将为世界58％的地区设置新的记录，而在严重缓解（RCP2.6）的情况下，这将在世界上占14％。

Articles

Article | 24 June 2019

Shifts in tourists’ sentiments and climate risk perceptions following mass coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef

Climate threats to iconic places may arouse public concern and protective sentiment. This study shows that mass coral bleaching influenced sentiments, threat perceptions and values associated with the Great Barrier Reef and climate change attitudes in Australian and international tourists.

Matthew I. Curnock, Nadine A. Marshall[…] & Jeremy Goldberg

译：在大堡礁大规模的珊瑚褪色之后，游客的情绪和气候风险观念发生了变化

对标志性地方的气候威胁可能会引起公众的关注和保护情绪。这项研究表明，大规模珊瑚褪色影响了与大堡礁有关的情绪，威胁感知和价值观以及澳大利亚和国际游客的气候变化态度。

Article | 17 June 2019

Climate clubs and the macro-economic benefits of international cooperation on climate policy

Achieving the Paris Agreement goals may require complementary institutions such as climate clubs. Enhanced technological diffusion and the provision of low-cost climate finance are shown to support the creation of climate coalitions.

Leonidas Paroussos, Antoine Mandel[…] & Zoi Vrontisi

译：气候俱乐部和气候政策国际合作的宏观经济效益

实现“巴黎协定”目标可能需要气候俱乐部等补充机构。加强技术传播和提供低成本气候融资可以支持气候联盟的建立。

Article | 24 June 2019

Amazonian tree species threatened by deforestation and climate change

The combined impacts of climate change and deforestation are estimated to reduce Amazon tree species richness by up to 58% by 2050, whilst deforestation alone may cause 19–36%, and climate change alone 31–37%.

Vitor H. F. Gomes, Ima C. G. Vieira[…] & Hans ter Steege

译：亚马逊树种受到森林砍伐和气候变化的威胁

据估计，到2050年，气候变化和森林砍伐的综合影响将使亚马逊树种的丰富度降低多达58％，而单独的森林砍伐可能导致19-36％，气候变化为31-37％。

Article | 17 June 2019

Global assessment of primate vulnerability to extreme climatic events

Non-human primates deliver ecological processes to tropical ecosystems. In this study, a trait-based approach is used to assess the vulnerability of 607 primate taxa to cyclones and droughts, extreme climatic events that are expected to increase or intensify in the coming decades.

Lyubing Zhang, Eric I. Ameca[…] & Georgina M. Mace

译：全球评估灵长类动物对极端气候事件的脆弱性

非人类灵长类动物为热带生态系统提供生态过程。在这项研究中，一种基于特征的方法被用来评估607种灵长类动物分类群对飓风和干旱的脆弱性，且该极端气候事件预计在未来几十年内会增加或加剧。

Article | 24 June 2019

Shifting avian spatial regimes in a changing climate

Highly mobile taxa, like birds, occupy ecosystems that lack fixed boundaries, and tracking how these spatial regimes respond to environmental change is difficult. Avian route data show the spatial regimes of Great Plains bird communities have shifted poleward and reorganized over the past 46 years.

Caleb P. Roberts, Craig R. Allen[…] & Dirac Twidwell

译：在不断变化的气候中变化的鸟类空间状态

高度可移动的类群，如鸟类，占据了缺乏固定边界的生态系统，且追踪这些空间体系如何应对环境变化是困难的。禽类路径数据显示，大平原鸟类群落的空间状态在过去46年中已向极地转移并重组。

来源：

Nature Climate Change

说明：

小编翻译了部分题目及摘要，但专业能力有限，若有不当之处，还请读者指正！

整理、排版：TM

责任编辑：梁龙武

审核：任宇飞   王波涛

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