新书推荐| 《现代汉语名词谓语句的句法研究》（张庆文）

张庆文    著

科学出版社

2016年10月

关于作者

张庆文，北京语言大学理论语言学文学硕士，香港理工大学语言学哲学博士，现为教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心教授、专职研究员。主要从事生成语言学理论研究，研究兴趣为句法学、句法学-语义学界面、现代汉语语法、方言语法，主要研究方向为述谓理论、量化理论、名词短语、题元理论等。曾在《外语教学与研究》、《现代外语》、《当代语言学》、《世界汉语教学》、《汉语学报》、《语言暨语言学》、International Journal of Chinese Linguistics等国内外期刊发表论文多篇。

本书评价

该书对汉语中的名词性谓语做了界定和解释。众所周知，汉语中表达谓语一般用动词和形容词。在大部分情形下，名词本身不作为谓语使用。这并不是说名词不能出现在表示谓语的成分里面，而是说它们这样做的时候，几乎总是与一个系词/系动词同时出现。有鉴于此，在汉语语法中我们就划分了两种表达述谓关系的结构。第一种不借助系动词中介的，被称为主谓(宾)结构。第二种被称为主系表结构，也即在述谓成分里出现的名词充当句系词的表语。

为什么需要系词的参与？系词本身起到了什么作用？这个问题至今没有一个具备广泛信服力的解释。然而语言学家们倾向于承认，在主系表结构里面，系词起到了某种建立述谓关系的关键作用。那么为什么系词只跟名词一起参与述谓？基于直觉，我们会说：谓语与事件有关，动词所表达的就是事件。而名词的“默认设置”是表达一种指称，而非指向事件。

以上观点似乎说得通，但是我们必须找到一个好的办法去解决以下这个棘手的现象： 并不是所有的名词都需要借助系词的参与才能表达谓语。换一种说法，名词自身充当谓语在汉语中是存在的。比如下面的句子(括号表示谓语)。

1. 今天[星期天]。

2. 她[班长]。

该书归纳了一系列丰富而分类详细的名词性谓语，并且提出了对这个汉语语法中复杂、尚未经过有效讨论的现象最新也是最具野心的理论方案。基于语义学上著名的戴维森事件论元理论，她提出了一种独到的思路：要想建立事件的关系，组成事件的各论元中的其中一个必须是显性的，就好像给事件做了标记以便语法能“辨认”出来。时间名词短语（星期天等）这类名词，对应于事件中的论元，所以就成功地标记了事件，从而得以单独做谓语。

有鉴于此，该书使读者可以维持与其直觉相符的关于谓语的理论。因为作者巧妙地把充当谓语的名词自成一类，名词的“默认设置”是指称这样的直觉便不会被否定，抑或关于系词的作用在于建立述谓关系不会被否定。

全书目录

Chapter 1 Introduction 

1.1 Preliminaries 

1.1.1 The Davidsonian event theory: The theoretical framework 

1.1.2 The Davidsonian argument and predication in Chinese: Issues

to be solved 

1.2 Nominal predication in this study

1.2.1 Previous studies on predicate nominals 

1.2.2 Nominal predication constructions to be discussed in this study

1.3 Nominal predication in Mandarin Chinese and the function

of the copula 

1.3.1 Predicate nominals in Mandarin Chinese

1.3.2 The function of the copula 

1.4 The visibility of the Davidsonian argument

1.4.1 Neo‐Davidsonian theory & the Davidsonian argument visibility

hypothesis

1.4.2 The copula as an eventuality predicate

1.4.3 Nominal predication under discussion as a reduced copular

construction

1.4.4 The visibility of the Davidsonian argument: The possibilities

1.5 The syntactic configuration of nominal predication

1.5.1 The studies on the syntactic representation of the Davidsonian

argument 

1.5.2 The syntactic structure of nominal predication 

1.6 The outline

Chapter 2 Temporals/Locatives and Nominal Predication

2.1 Introduction 

2.2 Predicate nominals in the copulaless nominal predicate construction

2.3 Temporal/locative nominal predicates

2.4 Restrictions on the predicative temporal/locative nominals 

2.4.1 The restriction on the relative temporal/locative nominal

predicates 

2.4.2 The restriction on the clause initial nominals

2.5 The analysis on the restrictions

2.5.1 Against Ma (1991) 

2.5.2 The distinction between absolute and relative temporals/locatives

2.5.3 The status of the clause initial temporal/locative nominals

2.6 The syntactic structure of the temporal/locative predicative construction

2.6.1 Relative temporals/locatives as implicit PPs

2.6.2 The syntax of time arguments/time adverbs: Demirdache &

Uribe‐Etxebarria

2.6.3 The syntax of the temporal/locative nominal predicative construction

2.7 The predictions

2.7.1 Nominals with a spatio‐temporal argument as eligible predicates

2.7.2 Time‐related adverbs and nominal predicates

2.7.3 Durative phrases and nominal predication

2.7.4 Temporal particles

2.8 The summary

Chapter 3 Modified Nominals and Nominal Predication

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The previous studies on modified nominal predicates

3.2.1 A review on Wei (2004)

3.2.2 The problems in Wei (2004)

3.3 The classification of the modifiee

3.4 The classification of the modifier: The semantic distinction

3.4.1 Intersective and non‐intersective: The classical semantics

3.4.2 Intersective and non‐intersective: Larson (1998)

3.5 The semantic restriction on modifiers

3.5.1 Intersective modifiers and nominal predicates

3.5.2 Non‐intersective modifiers and nominal predicates

3.6 The syntactic structure of the modified nominal predicative construction

3.6.1 N‐modifier vs. D‐modifier: Larson (1998, 2000; et seq.)

3.6.2 Modifiers in Mandarin nominal predication

3.6.3 Predicate Modification and the syntax of modified nominal

predication

3.7 The predictions

3.7.1 Ambiguity of modifiers

3.7.2 Non‐intersective modifiers in disguise

3.7.3 The constraints on the verbal modifier

3.8 The summary

Chapter 4 The Predicative Possessive Nominal Construction

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Possessors, relational nouns and nominal predication

4.3 The temporal structure of noun phrases: Lecarme (1996, 1999, 2004)

4.4 The syntactic structure of possessive phrases

4.4.1 Possessive nouns as prepositional phrases

4.4.2 The applicative analysis (Lecarme 2004, 2008)

4.5 Possessive noun phrases in Mandarin

4.5.1 Possessive relational noun phrases with an implicit temporal

argument

4.5.2 The syntactic structure of the possessive phrase

4.6 The syntax of the predicative possessive nominal construction

4.7 Predictions

4.7.1 Possessors and modified nominal predicates

4.7.2 Nominals in the possessive construction

4.7.3 “Gapless restrictive clauses” as nominal predicates

4.7.4 Collective nominal predicates and nominal predication

4.8 Summary

Chapter 5 The Left Periphery of the Nominal Predicative Construction

5.1 C elements as licensors of nominal predication

5.1.1 Topic as the licensor

5.1.2 Focus as the licensor

5.2 Speech act phrase and the licensing of nominal predication

5.2.1 Elements related to speech act phrase

5.2.2 The syntax of speech act and licensing of nominal predication

5.3 The left periphery and licensing of nominal predication: Other evidence

5.3.1 Deictics and modifiers revisited

5.3.2 Secondary nominal predication

5.4 The summary

Chapter 6 Nominal Predication in Chinese: Conclusion and Remarks

6.1 Nominal predication in Chinese: Conclusion

6.2 Nominal predication in Mandarin Chinese: Some remarks

References

Index 

END

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