二十美元为何变脸？一场美钞的较量
CURRENCY EXCHANGE
Change for a $20: Tubman Ousts Jackson
WASHINGTON — Treasury Secretary on Wednesday announced the most sweeping and historically symbolic makeover of American currency in a century, proposing to replace the slaveholding Andrew Jackson on the , the former slave and abolitionist, and to to the $5 and $10 notes.
华盛顿。财政部长雅各布·卢周三宣布百年来美国货币最彻底、最具历史意义的变化，他提议将20美元上的蓄奴者安德鲁·杰克逊更换为曾经的奴隶和废奴主义者哈莉特·塔布曼，并在5美元和10美元纸钞上增加女权和人权领袖。
makeover：a complete reconstruction and renovation of something
例句：And the Democratic establishment is due for a makeover. （华盛顿邮报）
Mr. Lew may have reneged on a commitment he made last year to make a woman the face of the $10 bill, opting instead to keep , to the delight of a fan base swollen with enthusiasm over a Broadway rap musical based on the life of the first secretary.
卢去年把女性搬上10美元纸钞正面的承诺食言了，他选择保留了亚历山大·汉密尔顿，这让后者的粉丝团很开心，他们在以第一位财政部长生平为基础的百老汇饶舌音乐剧上热情饱满。
renege on：To renege is to go back on your word or fail to keep a promise.
例句：The words were understood as reneging on the refugees deal. （美国新闻）
But , which President Obama welcomed on Wednesday, may well have captured a historical moment for a multicultural, multiethnic and multiracial nation moving contentiously through the early years of a new century.
然而国家纸币更彻底的重塑有望造就一个多文化、多民族、多种族国家中的历史性时刻，在新世纪最初十多年中，这个国家饱富争议地前行。
Tubman, an African-American and a Union spy during the Civil War, would bump Jackson — a white man known as much for his persecution of Native Americans as for his war heroics and advocacy for the common man — to the back of the $20, in some reduced image along with the White House.
非裔美国人塔布曼是美国内战期间的联盟国间谍，而杰克逊是一个迫害土著美洲人的白种人，他因战争功劳和为普通人说话闻名，塔布曼可能会把杰克逊挤到20美元的背面，头像也有所缩小，以白宫为背景。
Tubman would be the first woman so honored on paper currency since Martha Washington’s portrait briefly graced the $1 silver certificate in the late 19th century.
塔布曼将成为19世纪末玛莎·华盛顿的肖像短暂出现在1美元银圆券上后第一位荣登纸币的女人。
While Hamilton would remain on the $10, and Abraham Lincoln on the $5, images of women would be added to the back of both — in keeping with Mr. Lew’s intent “to bring to life” the national monuments depicted there.
汉密尔顿还在10美元上，林肯也在5美元上，可女人将会登上两样纸币的背面，根据卢的意图，让那里的国家纪念建筑“增加些生气”。
The picture of the Treasury building on the back of the $10 bill would be replaced with a depiction of a 1913 march in support of women’s right to vote that ended at the building, along with portraits of five suffrage leaders: Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Alice Paul and Susan B. Anthony, who in more recent years was on an unpopular $1 coin until minting ceased.
10美元背后的财政部将被1913年支持女性投票权的人前往财政部游行的画面代替，另有五个投票权运动领袖，其中一个领袖近年来曾出现在流通不广的1美元硬币上，后来铸币停止了。
On the flip side of the $5 bill, the Lincoln Memorial would remain, but as the backdrop for the 1939 performance there of Marian Anderson, the African-American classical singer, after she was barred from singing at the segregated Constitution Hall nearby.
5美元纸币的反面，林肯纪念堂仍然保留，但变为非裔美国古典歌唱家玛丽安·安德森1939年在纪念堂的演出，此前她被禁止在附近实施种族隔离的宪法大厅唱歌。
Sharing space on the rear would be images of Eleanor Roosevelt, who arranged Anderson’s Lincoln Memorial performance, and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who in 1963 delivered his “I have a dream” speech from its steps.
共享背面空间的还有安排了安德森在林肯纪念堂演出的第一夫人埃莉诺·罗斯福，和1963年在此发表《我有一个梦想》演讲的小马丁·路德·金。
The final redesigns will be unveiled in 2020, the centennial of the 19th Amendment establishing women’s suffrage, and will not go into wide circulation until later in the decade, starting with the new $10 note.
最终设计将于2020年揭晓，这一年是19世纪妇女投票权宪法修正案通过100周年，更换将从新的10元纸钞开始，在此后十年后才能广泛进入流通。
The unexpectedly ambitious proposals reflect Mr. Lew’s tortuous attempt to expedite the process and win over critics who have lodged conflicting demands, pitting mainly women’s advocates against Hamiltonians newly empowered by the unlikely success of their hero’s story on Broadway.
这一出人意料、富有雄心的提议反映了卢采用迂回战略加快进程，说服长期以来持反对意见的批评者，后者主要把女性主张和汉密尔顿支持者对立起来，因为百老汇的英雄故事意外地大获成功，那些支持者有了动力。
Mr. Lew’s design proposals are the culmination of 10 months of often-heated public commentary that began almost immediately after he invited Americans last June to help him decide which woman from history to honor on the $10 bill.
卢的设计建议堪称长达10个月公众讨论的高潮，去年七月，他邀请美国人帮他决定哪个历史女性应该上10美元纸钞时就迅速引发讨论。
That feel-good initiative proved to be hardly as simple as he first imagined.
Immediately an online group called insisted that the woman to be honored — Tubman was its choice — had to go on the more common $20 note, displacing not the popular Hamilton but Jackson, whose place in history has suffered lately with attention to his record of forcibly relocating Native Americans, supporting slavery and — despite his prominence on currency — opposing a national banking system and paper money. But the $10 was next in line for redesign, based on federal officials’ assessment of counterfeiting threats.
这一让人兴奋的动议并不如他最初想象的那么简单，很快一个叫“20美元有女人”的网络组织坚称女性头像应该被印在更常用的20美元纸钞上，她们的选择是塔布曼，更换杰克逊而非颇得人心的汉密尔顿，杰克逊的历史地位近来因为强迁土著美洲人和支持奴隶制受损，虽然他被印在货币上，可他反对国家银行体系和纸币。根据联邦官员对假币威胁的评估，10美元也要进行重新设计。
Yet other women mobilized by the , a networking organization for female corporate leaders, demanded that a woman go on the $10 note, as Mr. Lew first proposed, because they did not want to wait years for a new $20 bill.
女性公司领导人联合组织“女孩客厅”支持其他女性，她们要求和卢的最初设想一样，把女性印在10美元上，因为他们不想等很多年才用上新的20美元纸钞。
Within the administration, Rosie Rios, who as treasurer of the United States oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, was also pushing for a woman on the $10 bill.
在行政机构内部，负责美国印钞铸币局的财务官Rosie Rios也主张10美元印女性头像。
But nothing so roiled the debate as the phenomenon of the musical “Hamilton.”
Weighing in for his place on the $10 bill were well-to-do theater patrons and teenagers rapping to the soundtrack, as well as the show’s creator and star, Lin-Manuel Miranda.
可现象级音乐剧《汉密尔顿》把讨论彻底搅浑了。加入辩论并认为汉密尔顿应位列10美元的是富有的剧院赞助人、听音乐的少年和演出的剧作者和主演米兰达。
roil：To roil means to stir up or churn. A stormy ocean might roil, or even a restless crowd.
例句：Falling oil prices have roiled the industry since the summer of 2014.（华尔街日报）
另引申为“惹恼”。
例句：Obama’s recent comment that the Saudis and Iranians should “share the neighborhood” roiled officials in Riyadh. （时代周刊）
When Mr. Lew and his wife caught a performance last August, the Treasury secretary hinted to Mr. Miranda that Hamilton would stay. Just this week, the show won the Pulitzer Prize for drama.
卢和他的妻子去年八月看了演出，财政部长向米兰达暗示汉密尔顿将被保留。就在本周，该剧赢得普利策戏剧奖。
By July, in fact, Mr. Lew already had decided to keep his long-ago predecessor on the $10 note, and put a vignette of suffragists on the back, with Tubman scheduled for the $20 bill and changes to the $5 note as well.
事实上，七月卢已经决定让他多年前的前任留在10美元上，把妇女参政论者的装饰图案放在背后，并计划让塔布曼登上20美元纸钞，并重新设计5美元。
“I had a kind of ‘aha’ moment where I said we’re thinking too small,” Mr. Lew said on Wednesday.
“我突然脑洞大开，觉得我们想得还不够大胆。”卢本周三说。
He decided to redesign all three notes to accommodate the various views, and sooner. As for the choice of Tubman, he said that in the public comments he reviewed each night, “the pattern became clear that Harriet Tubman struck a chord with people in all parts of the country, of all ages.”
他决定重新设计三种纸钞，满足不同的需求，并尽快推出。他说自己每晚都看公众评论，这才选择了塔布曼，“很明显，国家各方面各年龄的人都能接受塔布曼”。
“This is a good solution,” said Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, who wrote to the secretary “strongly suggesting he not remove Hamilton” from the bill.
缅因州参议员Susan Collins说：“这是不错的解决方案”，她曾给财政部长写信，强烈建议不要从纸钞上“删掉汉密尔顿”。
Mr. Lew directed the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to hasten the redesign of the $20 and $5 notes at the same time. Subsequent production of the $10 bill would take precedence, though Mr. Lew said all three notes could be in wallets before 2030. The final decision on release is up to the Fed.
卢要求铸币印钞局同时加快对20美元和5美元纸钞的重新设计。尽管卢说这三种纸钞在2030年之前都能出现在钱包中，但接下来优先生产10美元。最终的决定要由美联储作出。
One wild card is that Mr. Lew and President Obama have just months left in office. But Mr. Lew expressed confidence that his successors would not veto the currency makeovers.
未知因素在于卢和奥巴马只有几个月执政时间了，但卢相信他的继任者不会否决货币更新。
“I don’t think somebody’s going to probably want to do that — to take the image of Harriet Tubman off of our money? To take the image of the suffragists off?” he said.
他说：“我不认为有人会那样做，把塔布曼从纸币上拿下来。把一个女性参政论者拿掉？”
Not since 1929 has American currency undergone such a far-reaching change. That year all paper money changed, with more standard designs and smaller size to save costs.
1929年以来，美国货币没有经历如此影响深远的变化。那一年，所有纸币被更换，采用了更加标准的设计，和更小的尺寸以节约成本。
In advance of Mr. Lew’s decision, was reflected in to the Treasury secretary on Tuesday evening.
在卢作出决定前，财政部决议激起的情感反映在财政部长周二晚间的一封信中。
More than three dozen women including actors, feminists, corporate executives and journalists objected to preliminary news reports that he was planning to renege on putting a woman on the $10 face, calling it, if true, “a major blow to the advancement of women.”
包括演员、女权主义者、公司执行官和记者在内的近四十名女性反对最初的新闻报道，即他准备食言，不把女性放在10美元正面，她们称，如果是真的，这是“对女性进步的重大打击”。
They admonished the Treasury secretary, saying: “ Could there be a better metaphor for second-class status that continues to limit our girls?”
她们劝告财政部长说：“让二等地位继续限制我们女孩，还有比这更好的比喻吗？”
The signers included the actresses Ellen DeGeneres, Geena Davis and Jane Lynch; the former soccer star Abby Wambach; former Representative Gabrielle Giffords; the news media figures Katie Couric and Arianna Huffington; the feminist leader Gloria Steinem; and the photographer Annie Leibovitz.
签名者包括三名演员、一名前足球明星、一名前众议员、两个传媒人物、一个女权主义领导人和一个摄影师。
Mr. Lew’s compromise did not satisfy the letter writers since the new note, the $10 bill, will picture women on the back. But Women on 20s released a statement “celebrating” the decision, despite Mr. Lew’s inability to say how quickly the government can accelerate a new $20 note given technological and production complexities.
卢做出的妥协并没有让写信者满意，10美元把女人放在背面。可Women on 20s发表声明“庆祝”这一决定，尽管因为技术和生产的复杂性，卢没法说政府多久后会发行新的20美元纸币。
Yet, as Mr. Lew said Wednesday: “I said we were going to listen. We really did listen.”
但如卢在周三所言：“我说我们会听取意见，我们真的听取了。”