卫报 | 朝鲜罪人
American student Otto Warmbier has been sentenced to 15 years’ hard labour for“severe crimes” against the North Korean state.
美国学生奥托·瓦姆比尔因对朝鲜国犯下“严重罪行”被劳教15年。
The 21-year-old University of Virginia student was detained on 2 January after he allegedly stole a political propaganda poster from the restricted “fifth floor” of his hotel in Pyongyang.
21岁的弗吉尼亚大学学生被控在平壤酒店五层限制区偷窃一张政治海报，于1月2日被逮捕。
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In North Korea’s typically theatrical manner, Warmbier was then paraded on state TV at the end of February, sobbing and begging for forgiveness. He was further accused of under the“tacit connivance of the US government and under its manipulation”.
2月底，瓦姆比尔出现在朝鲜特色的批判大会上，他泣不成声，请求原谅。他还被指控“在美国政府的默许和操纵下”策划破坏国家统一。
The sentence for what he says was the “the worst mistake” of his life is likely to inflame tensions between Pyongyang and Washington, already running high after Pyongyang’s .
他说这是自己一生中犯下的“最恶劣的错误”，这一行为可能挑起平壤和华盛顿的争端，朝美关系已因去年连续密集的核试验而空前紧张。
Thousands of westerners travel to the authoritarian state without incident every year, so while Warmbier’s case is rare, it is not unique.
成千上万西方人安然无恙地前往这个极权国家旅行，瓦姆比尔事件是罕见的，却也并非独一无二。
is thought to be currently detaining two other western prisoners over crimes against the state, and has a history of making high-profile arrests to gain leverage with the US, presenting prisoners on TV and forcing diplomats into negotiations.
据信，朝鲜目前以反国家罪名拘禁着另外两名西方人，朝鲜历来高调实施逮捕，让囚犯在电视上亮相，从而强迫外交人员展开斡旋，以此抗衡美国。
So who else has been caught up in this political game? And how were they charged? We look at some of Pyongyang’s most recent western arrests.
这场政治游戏中还有什么内情？他们是如何受到指控的？让我们看看近来其逮捕西方人的情况。
Kim Dong-chul – detained for ‘espionage’
In January was holding an Americ
an citizen who they were accusing of stealing state secrets.
1月，媒体纷纷报道朝鲜控制了一名美国公民，后者被指控窃取国家机密。
Originally a South Korean businessman who had become a US citizen, the man identified as Kim Dong-chul gave an interview to CNN claiming he had spied on behalf of “South Korean conservative elements” hoping to overthrow leader Kim Jong-un’s regime.
这是一名加入美国籍的韩国商人，被叫做金东哲，他向CNN承认自己代表“韩国保守势力”从事间谍活动，企图推翻金正恩政权。
The 62-year-old told the reporter that he had travelled extensively between China and North Korea in recent years, and showed them a copy of his passport.
62岁的金对记者说近年来穿梭于中国和朝鲜之间，并展示了护照复印件。
A defector later undermined his confession, thought to have been made under duress, and claimed that he was on a humanitarian mission to the country.
随后一名叛逃者否认了他的认罪辞，认为这是在强迫下做出的，他宣称金正在该国从事人道主义救援。
“He told the churches that he was a missionary working on North Korea and sending stuff from into the North to help poor North Koreans,” said Ma Young-ae, who . Further details of his fate are yet to emerge.
在电视上认出他的Ma Young-ae说：“他告诉教会，他是在朝鲜的传教士，从中国送东西帮助朝鲜的穷人。” 后事如何尚不得而知。
Hyeon Soo Lim – detained for ‘crimes against the state’
Hyeon Soo Lim, a South Korean-born Canadian pastor and head of one of the country’s largest presbyterian churches, was sentenced .
出生在韩国的加拿大律师、加拿大最大的长老会之一的宗教领袖林贤洙于12月被判终身劳教。
The 60-year-old has since said though he “wasn’t originally a labourer” he has now “gotten used to it”.
后来60岁的他说，尽管他“本不是一个劳力者”，但现在“已经习惯了”。
In a video released on a state-controlled website after his arrest last February, Lim appeared to read from a script as he admitted his guilt. “The worst crime I committed was to rashly defame and insult the highest dignity and the system of the republic,” .
去年2月被逮捕后，一个受国家控制的网站发布的视频中，林看起来正在读认罪书。“我犯下最严重的罪行是轻率地诋毁和侮辱最高权威和共和国制度”。
His confession drew widespread scepticism, as other foreigners formerly detained in the North cam eforward to say they too had been coerced into making similarly incriminating statements.
他的认罪招致广泛怀疑，此前被囚的其他外国人获释后说，他们被强迫发表类似的认罪声明。
Jeffrey Fowle – 170 days for ‘leaving abible at a club’
An American who was held for nearly six months in 2014 was only freed after a US diplomat flew out to Pyongyang to negotiate his release.
2014年，一名美国人被拘禁近六个月，一名美国外交官飞赴平壤谈判后才获释。
Back in the US, Fowle said he had been arrested because he left a Korean-English Bible in a .
回到美国后，福尔说他因为在平壤一夜总会厕所内落下一本韩英双语圣经而被捕。
The DPRK is one of the , where any form of “evangelism” is considered a serious crime.
朝鲜是基督徒最难生存的地方之一，任何形式的传教都被认为是严重犯罪。
A report released by the Korean Central News Agency said that had taken “a special measure” by releasing Fowle,taking “into consideration the repeated requests of US president Barack Obama.”
朝中社报道称，金正恩采取“特别措施”释放了福尔，因为“考虑到美国总统奥巴马的反复请求”。
Matthew Miller – 202 days because he‘wanted to stay’
Getting arrested during his trip to the DPRK was apparently exactly what 23-year-old US citizen Matthew Miller was hoping for.
在去朝鲜旅游的途中被逮捕，这正是23岁的美国公民马修-米勒期待的事。
“I was trying to stay in the country... I just wanted to speak to an ordinary North Korean person,” said Miller in an interview with after he was released.
获释后米勒接受NK News的采访时说：“我想赖在朝鲜，我就是想和普通朝鲜人说说话。”
“They wanted me to leave.The very first night they said, ‘We want you to leave on the next flight.’ But I refused.”
“他们想让我离开。第一天晚上他们就说，我们想让你乘下一个航班离开，但我拒绝了。”
Miller was arrested in April 2014 and went on trial five months later. He was sentenced to six years of hard labour for entering the country illegally and for committing “hostile acts”.
米勒2014年4月被捕，五个月后接受审判。他以非法入境和实施敌对行为而被判六年劳教。
He said the charges were partly true: he had wanted to claim asylum in the country, and confirmed he had had intentionally damaged his tourist visa upon crossing the border.
他说指控有一定道理：他想获得这个国家的政治庇护，确认在过境后故意损坏旅行签证。
In September 2014, when CNN were in North Korea to film the , reporters were offered five-minute interviews with Miller, Fowle and fellow detainee Kenneth Bae where all three reportedly gave “bizarre” and “eerily similar”statements about their incarceration.
2014年9月，CNN在朝鲜拍摄国际摔跤比赛时，记者允许采访米勒、福尔和另一名被囚者Kenneth Bae，共五分钟时间，三人据称都对其蹲监狱给予了“奇怪”且“诡异地相似”的声明。
Fowle was released the next month, but Miller and Bae had to wait until November when US director of national intelligence, andnegotiated their release.
第二个月福尔获释，米勒和Bae直到11月美国国家情报主任James Clapper访问该国并斡旋后才获释。
Kenneth Bae - 738 days for ‘proselytising under the guise of tourism’
The most high-profile of the recent western detainees, Kenneth Bae, a missionary from Washington, was originally given a 15-year sentence in 2012 for alleged “anti-state” crimes.
最轰动的被囚西方人是来自华盛顿的教士Kenneth Bae，2012年被判15年，被控反国家罪。
A frequent visitor to North Korea and the head of Nation Tours, Bae was arrested while leading a tour group to the north-eastern port city of Rajin. He was accused of conducting illegal religious activity and proselytising under the guise of tourism.
Bae常去朝鲜，是Nation Tours的主任，他带旅行团前往东北部城市罗津时被捕，被控从事非法宗教行为，以旅行为幌诱人改宗。
His detention, , caused widespread speculation that Pyongyang was using him as a pawn to force political concessions. He spent two years in North Korea before Clapper helped negotiate his release.
当时朝美关系紧张，其被囚导致广泛猜测，朝鲜将他作为棋子，强迫美国作出政治妥协。Clapper斡旋获释前，他在朝鲜呆了两年。
Bae is reportedly planning a book about his two-year-ordeal.