外媒：为何越来越多国家不再追随美国？【附特朗普双语演讲】

2018-01-28 参考消息 外交之声

据参考消息：俄媒称，目前，各国对美国政策及其“领袖地位”的支持率已经跌至历史新低。盖洛普咨询公司进行的调查就足以证明这一点。对美国政策最不满的，是西方人。同时世界许多地区更愿让中国作为领袖。为什么许多国家不再想追随美国了呢？

特蕾莎梅将于1月31日至2月2日对中国进行正式访问，访问期间，中英将举行新一轮中英总理年度会晤。

据俄罗斯卫星网1月24日报道，盖洛普咨询公司自杜鲁门总统时代就开始进行这种调查。最初它只是就是否认同现任总统的工作在美国人中进行调查。后来公司调查对象扩展到130多个国家。

问题大概是这样的：您是否认可美国现任总统的工作以及美国作为全球领袖的政策？您最认可哪个作为全球领袖的国家的政策？可从美国、德国、中国和俄罗斯中选择。

报道称，根据盖洛普最新调查数据，仅有30%的受访民众认可美国领导人的工作。而在2016年这个数字为48%。可见全球民众对美国领导力的支持率降至小布什执政以来的最低点。

▲2018年1月底，特朗普打破前两位美国总统的惯例，亲自出席达沃斯论坛并发表演讲。图片来源：视觉中国

特朗普在竞选中曾承诺“让美国再次伟大”，而在对外政策中却让美国利益高于一切。特朗普拒绝参加一些重要的国际项目和组织，也许是认为它们都不符合美国利益。他就任总统后签署的首批命令中就有一个是让美国退出《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》。后来美国又退出了巴黎气候协定。

美国同自己的邻国——加拿大和巴西的关系也不尽如人意。特朗普不厌其烦地反复强调，对美国来说最好的出路就是退出《北美自由贸易协定》。这还不算特朗普竞选总统时的一个主要承诺——沿美墨边界建隔离墙，而且还要让墨西哥拿钱建——这让墨西哥深感不安。

报道认为，所有这些举动都在让美国失去自己作为世界领袖的角色。

与此同时，中国已经超过美国成为拉美许多国家的最大贸易伙伴。如果美国退出《北美自由贸易协定》，很有可能首先还是对中国有利，而不是对美国纳税人有利。根据盖洛普调查结果，现在北美和拉美国家更希望德国和中国而不是美国成为全球领袖。

▲美国总统特朗普。图片来源：视觉中国

报道称，美国也正在失去自身在亚洲的地位。美国退出《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》给另一全球性协定——得到北京大力支持的《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》带来了活力。

此外在半岛问题上，美国针对朝鲜的好战言论也有损于亚洲地区的生活。手握核按钮而又动辄冲动的美国总统越来越经常被视作冲突升级的可能原因，而不能为和平解决朝鲜问题提供保证。

中国社科院地区安全研究中心主任助理杨丹志认为，在此背景下中国看上去更有魅力。他说：“美国对全球治理没有提出新的建议和主张，也没有通过有效举措和可见努力改变当前世界经济发展不振、全球化发展停滞的局面。“

”其次，美国和联合国等国际多边机制的关系目前处于比较微妙的时期，包括美国要求削减该国所承担的费用，拒绝承担一些相应业务等等。“

”再次，特朗普主张‘美国优先’，美国在全球范围之内都在实行收缩性战略。这就使得美国盟友及其他国家对于美国是否能兑现自己的承诺，或在国际事务中承担更多义务和责任产生了动摇和怀疑。一些南亚、东南亚国家对于美国下一步会怎么做并没有足够的信心，还在观望。可以说，美国在世界范围内积极发挥作用这方面出现了倒退。

相比较而言，中国近年来在外交上更加积极有为，勇于承担国际责任，提供公共产品，为欠发达国家和地区提供援助，和国际社会接轨，推行对外开放等等。

这些都表明中国既勇于承担国际责任，捍卫自己的核心利益，同时也愿同世界各国站在构建人类命运共同体的高度发展关系。应该说，中国能够为地区治理和全球治理提出新的建议和主张，且兼顾世界不同发展水平国家的利益和需求。所以，中国能得到世界范围内的信任，而美国的信任度却在下降，也是一个很自然的结果。”

报道称，有趣的是，即使在一向亲美的欧洲，如今对美国政策的支持率也与对中国的支持率持平。在欧洲，德国的影响力仍遥遥领先，世界也主要把德国看作全球领袖。不过根据调查结果，中国目前暂时位居第二。

杨丹志认为：“首先，德国是欧洲经济发展势头最好、治理成效最为明显的国家，被认为是欧洲发展的核心驱动力。且在对外事务中能够发出自己独特的声音，近些年，德国在一些国际冲突和地区冲突问题上始终坚持自己的立场。其次，德国外交在难民接收、处理同美英法等他国关系方面相对稳健、成熟。再次，从软实力和硬实力方面讲，德国的先进产品、技术享誉国际。所以，德国在调查中排名靠前是自然而然的。”

报道称，目前支持美国作为世界领袖的，只有非洲。但在非洲，中国也是紧随其后。考虑到中国在非洲影响力的提升速度以及投资规模，谁也不敢保证，美国不会很快在非洲失去自己的地位。

报道称，似乎，美国取得全球霸主地位后，却不能管理庞大而又复杂的世界进程。它的霸主地位正受到新的全球玩家的挑战。

【延伸阅读】俄媒文章：美会否把亚太领导权让给中国？

俄罗斯瓦尔代俱乐部网站1月11日发表英国剑桥大学伊曼纽尔学院名誉研究员、欧洲社会学协会副主席戴维·莱恩的文章称，中国可以在亚太地区扮演领导者的角色，现在的问题是，霸主美国是否承认中国不断增强的政治经济实力，又会不会把亚太领导权让给中国。

文章称，随着以北美自贸协定和欧盟为代表的地区主义衰落，恢复国家主权的意愿增强，中国可以在亚太地区扮演领导者的角色。

文章指出，如果我们分析正确，那么世界政治的问题就在于，现在的霸主美国是否承认中国不断增强的政治经济实力，又会不会把亚太领导权让给中国。

文章认为，考虑到美国对该地区事务的参与程度，这种情况不大可能发生。想要确保和平过渡，美国应肯定中国的抱负，这相当于让英国放弃殖民统治。比如，美国可以同意把自己的势力范围限制在夏威夷群岛以东。然而，唐纳德·特朗普表现得相当好战，他奉行“美国优先”的方针，以军方利益为先。

双语 | 特朗普在达沃斯经济论坛上的演讲

It's a privilege to be at this forum where leaders in business, art, diplomacy and world affairs have gathered for many, many years to discuss how we can advance prosperity, security and peace. I'm here today to represent the interests of the American people and to affirm America's friendship and partnership in building a better world. Like all nations represented at this great forum, America hopes for a future in whichever one can prosper and every child can grow up free from violence, poverty and fear.

我很荣幸能够到这里来，在此商界的领导人和科学与世界事务的领军者多年来一起在这里汇聚，讨论怎样能推动繁荣、安全和和平。我今天在这里代表的是美国人民的利益，并且确认能够建设更好世界当中的友谊和伙伴关系。全世界在这个论坛上有很大的表现，我们希望看到的未来是大家都能繁荣，每一个儿童都能够成长过程当中没有贫困和担心。

Over the past year, we have made extraordinary strides in the US. We're lifting forgotten communities, creating exciting new opportunities and helping every American find their path to the American dream: the dream of a great job, a safe home and a better life for their children.

过去一年当中，我们取得了很大的进展，我们帮助那些被人遗忘的群体，给他们创造了令人激动的机会，让每个人都能找到他们实现美国梦的道路，这个梦想就是有好工作、安全的家庭，而且给子女带来更好的生活。

After years of stagnation, the United States is once again experiencing strong economic growth. The stock market is smashing one record after another and has added more than $7 trillion in new wealth since my election. Consumer confidence, business confidence and manufacturing confidence are the highest they have been in many decades.

多年来身处滞胀之中，而美国现在再一次经历了强劲的经济增长，股市创了一个又一个纪录，而且增加了新财富价值7万亿美元，自从我入主以来就达到了这么多，消费者的信心、商界信心和制造业的信心都处于在几十年来的最高点。

Since my election, we've created 2.4 million jobs, and that number is going up very, very substantially. Small business optimism is at an all-time high. New unemployment claims are near the lowest we've seen in almost half a century. African-American unemployment has reached the lowest rate ever recorded in the United States and so has unemployment among Hispanic Americans. world is witnessing the resurgence of a strong and prosperous America.

自从我当选以来，我们创造了240万个就业机会，而这个数字还在非常大幅的上升，小公司很乐观，新的失业率的申请救济的数量大大下降，50年来没有过，非洲裔移民的就业率也创纪录，而且西班牙裔美国人当中的失业率大大下降，世界上正在面临着重新复苏而起的强有力量德国美国。

I'm here to deliver a simple message: there has never been a better time to hire, to build, to invest and to grow in the United States. America is open for business, and we are competitive once again. The American economy is by far the largest in the world, and we've just enacted the most significant tax cuts and reform in American history.We've massively cut taxes for the middle class and small businesses to let working families keep more of their hard-earned money. We lowered our corporate tax rate from 35% all the way down to 21%. As a result, millions of workers have received tax cut bonuses from their employers in amounts as large as $3,000. The tax cut bill is expected to raise the average American's household income by more than $4,000.

我在这里给大家讲一个很简单的信息，要想雇佣、建设、投资和增长，在美国现在是最好的时期，我们对商界开放，我们再次拥有竞争力了，美国经济目前是世界上最大的经济体，我们刚实施了美国历史上最重大的税收改革，我们大大地降低了中产阶级和小企业的税收，让工作的家庭能保留他们艰难奋斗而获得的更大部分的收入，而且我们的税收从35%一直下降到21%，于是数以百万计的工作人员从他们雇主那里得到了税收的减少，甚至可以达到3000美元。税收的改革给每个家庭能增加4000美元的收入，

The world's largest company, Apple, announced it plans to bring $245 billion in overseas profits home to America. Their total investment into the United States economy will be more than $350 billion over the next five years. Now is the perfect time to bring your business, your job and your investments to the United States. This is especially true because we have undertaken the most extensive regulatory reduction ever conceived. Regulation is stealth taxation.

世界上最大的公司苹果宣布计划要把2450亿的海外利润返回到美国，他们的总投资进入美国的数字将会超过3500亿美元，这在今后5年会实现。现在是把你的业务和就业机会和投资带到美国来的大好时机，尤其是现在，我们已采取了最广泛的监管措施的减少，之前的监管是隐藏的税收。

The US, like many other countries, unelected bureaucrats -- we have, believe me, we have them all over the place. And they've imposed crushing anti-business and anti-worker regulations on our citizens with no vote, no legislative debate and no real accountability.

美国和其他很多国家都一样，那些官僚们，相信我我们国内都是如此，他们建立那种压垮人的反商业的、反员工的税收体系，而且也没有经过立法辩论，也没有真正的问责。

In America, those days are over. I pledged to eliminate two unnecessary regulations for every one new regulation. We have succeeded beyond our highest expectations. Instead of two-for-one, we have cut 22 burdensome regulations for every one new rule. We are freeing our businesses and workers so they can thrive and flourish as never. We are creating an environment that attracts capital, invites investment and rewards production.

在美国，那种日子一去不复返了，我给出的承诺就是要消除所有那些无益的监管，只要有一个新的监管规定我们就成功的超过了所有人的预期，不是废2立1，而是先解除22个繁重的监管负担，以此来换取树立一个新的监管规定。我们让商界和员工能自由发展、繁荣发展，超过以往我们所建立的环境来吸引资本和投资，而且能够奖励生产。

America is the place to do business. So come to America where you can innovate, create and build. I believe in America. As President of the United States I will always put America first, just like the leaders of other countries should put their country first, also.

美国是做生意的地方，来美国吧，你能够创新、立业和建设。我相信美国，我作为总统，美国的总统，我将总是把美国放在第一位，就像其他国家的领导人一样，也应该把他们的国家放在第一位。

But America first does not mean America alone. When the United States grows, so does the world. American prosperity has created countless jobs all around the globe and the drive for excellence, creative and innovation in the US has led to important discoveries that help people everywhere live more prosperous and far healthier lives.

但是，美国第一并不意味着美国独自而行，美国增长了世界也会增长，美国繁荣创造了无数的工作就业机会，在世界各地都是这样，而且都向卓越迈进，驱动创新带来了非常重要的发现，帮助了世界各国的人民，让他们生活能更加繁荣，而且更加健康。

As the United States pursuing domestic reforms to unleash jobs and growth, we are also working to reform the international trading system so that it promotes broadly shared prosperity and rewards to those who play by the rules. We cannot have free and open trade if some countries exploit the system at the expense of others. We support free trade, but it needs to be fair and it needs to be reciprocal.

Because in the end, unfair trade undermines us all, the United States will no longer turn a blind eye, including massive international property theft, industrial subsidies and pervasive state-led economic planning. These and other predatory behaviors are distorting the global markets and harming businesses and workers not just in the US, but around the global, just like we expect the leaders of other countries to protect their interests. As President of the United States, I will always protect the interest of our country, our companies and our workers.

伴随美国追求国内改革的同时，伴随创造就业和增长的同时，我们也在努力改革国际贸易体系，以促使广泛共享的繁荣和奖励，守规矩的人都能获益，我们要想获得自由开放贸易的话，那就不能允许有些国家去利用这种体制，给别人带来伤害，我们支持自由贸易，但必须是公平也必须是互惠的。因为不公平的贸易就会破坏我们大家的努力，美国不再会睁一只眼闭只一眼了，其中包括对知识产权的偷窃、补贴以及国家操纵的计划经济，这些都有点像捕猎者的行为，将伤害国际贸易体系，伤害就业机会和员工，不仅伤害美国，其他国家也一样受害。就像我们预期其他国家领导人也应该要这么做，他们要保护他们自己的利益，作为美国的总统，我总会保护我们国家的利益、我们的公司以及我们的员工。

We will enforce our trade laws and restore integrity to our trading system. Only by insisting on fair and reciprocal trade can we create a system that works not just for the US, but for all nations. As I have said, the United States is prepared to negotiate mutually beneficial, bilateral trade agreements with all countries. This will include the countries in TPP, which are very important. We have agreements with several of them already. We would consider negotiating with the rest, either individually or perhaps as a group if it is in the interest of all.

我们将加强我们的《劳工法》，保证我们贸易体系的正直，只有坚持公平合互惠的贸易，才能建立起一个不仅利于美国而且利于其他国家的体系，就像我之前所说，美国做好准备是要谈判，协商相互有利的双边贸易协议，我们和各国都愿意谈，这其中也会包括那些在现有的泛太平洋[股评]协定(TPP)之中的国家，他们很重要，我们和他们其中几个国家已经有了协议，我们会考虑和其他国家也达成这样的协议，可以是单个谈也可能是作为一个集团来谈，只要符合大家各自的利益就行。

My administration is also taking swift action in other ways to restore American confidence and independence. We are lifting self-imposed restrictions on energy production to provide affordable power to our citizens and businesses and to promote energy security for our friends all around the world. No country should be held hostage to a single provider of energy.

我的政府也在采取迅速的行动，也就是说要恢复美国的信心和独立性。我们解除了自我施加的限制，在能源方面的限制，以提供可支付得起的能源支持我们的商业，并且促进能源安全的发展，帮助我们世界各地的朋友，没有那个国家应该成为被能源绑架的那种国家。

America is roaring back, and now is the time to invest in the future of America. We have dramatically cut taxes to make America competitive. We are eliminating burdensome regulations at a record pace. We are reforming the bureaucracy to make it lean, responsive and accountable, and we are ensuring our laws are enforced fairly. We have the best colleges and universities in the world and we have the best workers in the world. Energy is abundant and affordable. There has a better time to do business in America.

美国是开放的，我们要为美国的未来投资，我们大大削减了税收，使得美国能够具有竞争力。我们在消除那种负担沉重的监管，我们在改革官僚体制，使其更加精简，具有反应能力，而且负起问责，我们要确保我们的法律公平地执行，我们有世界上最好的大学和学院，我们有世界上最好的员工，藤原很多，也支付得起，要做生意的话，到美国去现在是最好的时期。

We are also making historic investments in the American military because we cannot have prosperity without security. To make the world safer from rogue regimes, terrorism and revisionist powers, we are asking our friends and allies to invest in their own defenses and to meet their financial obligations. Our common security requires everyone to contribute their fair share. My administration is proud to have led historic efforts at the United Nations Security Counsel and all around the world to unite all civilized nations in our campaign of maximum pressure to de-nuke the Korean peninsula. We continue to call on partners to confront Iran's support for terrorists and block Iran's path to a nuclear weapon.

我们也在美国进行前所未有的投资，没有安全就无法实现繁荣，要让世界更安全，免于恐怖主义的话，我们要求盟友对自己的军事力量进行投资，以实现自己在这方面的财政业务。我们的共同安全需要让每个人都做出其应有的贡献，我的政府非常自豪，在联合国安理会和世界各地开展各种努力和各个国家共同合作来减少朝核的紧张形势。我们呼吁有关各方能进一步抗击恐怖主义，减少核问题的出现。

We're also working with allies and partners to destroy jihad into terrorist organizations such as ISIS, and very successfully so. The United States is leading a very broad coalition to deny terrorists control of their territory and populations, to cut off their funding and to discredit their wicked ideology. I am pleased to report that the coalition to defeat ISIS has retaken almost 100% of the territory once held by these killers in Iraq and Syria. There is still more fighting and work to be done and to consolidate our gains.

另外，我们也针对伊斯兰国这样的恐怖主义组织对抗他们，非常成功。美国也引领盟友的资金来源及其意识形态。我很高兴告诉各位，抗击伊斯兰国的盟军几乎已经把过去由这些杀手在伊拉克、叙利亚所占有的领土夺回来了，当然还有更多的工作要做，要继续作战下去，以巩固我们所获得的成果。

We are committed to ensuring that Afghanistan never again becomes a haven for terrorists who want to commit mass murder to our civilian populations. I want to thank those nations represented here today that have joined in these crucial efforts. You're not just securing your own citizens, but saving lives and restoring hope for millions and millions of people.

我们也要确保阿富汗不再成为恐怖主义的温床，这些家伙想犯下大规模的杀害平民的罪行。今天在场所有人，我感谢有关各方加入了这个努力，不仅是保障各国公民的安全，而且恢复了数百万人的希望。

When it comes to terrorism, we will do whatever is necessary to protect our nation. We will defend our citizens and our borders. We are also securing our immigration system as a matter of both national and economic security. America is a cutting-edge economy. But our immigration system is stuck in the past. We must replace our current system of extended family chain migration with a merit-based system of admissions that selects new arrivals based on their ability to contribute to our economy, to support themselves financially and to strengthen our country.

说到恐怖主义，我们将会竭尽所能保护各个国家，我们会保护我们的边界和人民，也会确保我们的移民体系更加健全，以保护我们的国家安全和经济安全。美国拥有走在技术前沿的经济，但我们的移民体系太过落后，必须更换现有的移民体系，因为这些未来的移民来到美国，必须要能对美国和美国的经济做出贡献。

In rebuilding America, we are also fully committed to developing our workforce. We are lifting people from dependence to independence because we know the single best anti-poverty program is a very simple and very beautiful paycheck. To be successful, it is not enough to invest in our economy. We must invest in our people. When people are forgotten, the world becomes fractured. Only by hearing and responding to the voices of the forgotten can we create a bright future shared by all. The nation's greatness is more than the sum of its production. A nation's greatness is the sum of its citizens, the values, pride, love, devotion and character of the people who call that nation home.

我在重建美国，与此同时，我们也承诺致力于开发我们的劳动力，我们让人们从依赖走向独立，因为抗击贫困最好的方法非常简单，就是给他们工资，让他们找到工作，要成功，不仅要在经济里头进行投资，我们必须要在我们的人民身上进行投资，如果人民被遗忘的话，世界将变为分化的世界，只有听取广大人民的声音，并做出回应，才能够创造所有人共享的美好未来。所有的人结合起来之后国家会更加强大，一个国家就是由其人民和价值奉献以及种种不同个性的人结合起来，国家才会更加强大。

From my first international G7 summit to the G20 to the UN general assembly to APEC, to the World Trade Organization and today at the World Economic Forum, my administration has not only been present, but has driven our message that we are all stronger when free, sovereign nations cooperate toward shared goals and cooperate toward shared dreams.

我参加7国集团的会议、20国集团的会议，参加联大、亚太经合组织、世贸，今天参加世界经济论坛的会议，我的政府不仅积极参与，并传达我们的信息，也就是说我们要作为主权国家共同合作，有共同目标，这么一来才有共同的梦想。

Represented in this room are some of the remarkable citizens from all over the world. You are national leaders, business titans, industry giants and many of the brightest minds in many fields.

Each of you has the power to change hearts, transform lives and shape your countries' destinies. With this power comes an obligation, however, a duty of loyalty to the people, workers and customers who have made you who you are. 今天在场有来自世界各国的出色公民，你们是各国的领军企业和领导人，也是大型企业，也是出色的人才，在各个领域，你们当中每个人都有力量、有能力能改变生命、改变心态、改变你们国家的命运。有这种权利也必须有相应的责任，也就是对人民的忠诚、对客户的忠诚，他们让你们走到今天这个地位。

So together let us resolve to use our power, our resources, and our voices not just for ourselves but for our people, to lift their burdens, to raise their hopes and empower their dreams, to protect their families, their communities, their histories and their futures. That's what we're doing in America and the results are totally unmistakable.It's why new businesses and investment are flooding in. It's why our unemployment rate is the lowest its been in so many decades. it's why America's future has never been brighter.

所以，我们要使用我们的能量、能力、资源和声音，不仅是为了我们自己，而是为了我们的人民，为他们减少负担，提升其希望，让他们能实现梦想，保护他们的家园、社区和过去的历史和未来，这正是我们在美国正在做的。结果非常出色，这是为什么出现了新的企业、新的投资来到美国，这是为什么失业率是史上最低的，这是为什么美国的未来非常光明。

Today, I'm inviting all of you to become part of this incredible future we are building together. Thank you to our hosts, thank you to our hosts, to the leaders and innovators in the audience, but most importantly, thank you to all of the hardworking the men and women who do their duty every day making this a better world for everyone. Together, let us send our love and gratitude to make them, because they really make our countries run. They make our countries great. Thank you and God bless you all.

今天我邀请各位成为这光明未来的一分子，共同打造未来。感谢今天的东道主，感谢这些具有创意的领导人，感谢各位男男女女，在各个领域每天辛勤工作，肩负起自己的责任，让我们这个世界成为更美好的世界。我们要给他们传达我们的爱和感谢，因为他们让我们所有人的国家真正的运行起来，他让我们所有的国家更加伟大。谢谢！愿上帝保佑各位！