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区块链骗局:那些光鲜项目的背后……

刘园园 代小佩 雨中红莲 2020-08-17

10月下旬以来,区块链成为众人瞩目的焦点,引发大量关注与讨论。


区块链已开始在我国金融、食品、公益等多个垂直行业落地生根,为多个行业发展带来“信任的机制”。但与此同时,也有人在这个新兴领域浑水摸鱼,打着区块链的名义,要么故弄玄虚,要么骗人钱财。


来源科技日报


误入“易进难出”的资金盘


“区块链的操作相对于股市更公平……”11月14日晚,在某资金盘的网络直播间里,一位“投资分析师”侃侃而谈。


科技日报记者发现,分析师反复宣称股市不赚钱,并推荐网友投资资金盘上的区块链项目。诡异的是,分析师并未露脸,还向网友们强调“一定要保密。


王晓雨(化名)的家人最近就投资了这个资金盘。她一开始就觉得不靠谱,为探个究竟,就跟着家人在直播间听了几次“投资课”。


她发现直播间有时竟有上万网友同时在线。但录制的视频很粗糙,分析师始终不露面,而且宣传技巧有些“假”。


“后来我就劝家人把资金从这个平台取出来,看看能否正常取出。”王晓雨告诉科技日报记者,结果家人发现竟然需要向平台提出申请,经过审核才能将资金取出,而且能取出的资金几乎只是账户金额的零头。



王晓雨家人这才相信,这个资金盘可能真是个“易进难出”的诈骗平台。所幸经过几番交涉,终于把大部分资金取回,未遭受太大损失。


有些入局者就没这么幸运了。11月10日,有媒体报道,珠海的王女士最近在某理财直播间“老师”的指导下,投资区块链理财,先后充值近14万元。之后她发现投资平台网址打不开,直播间也被关停,这才意识到上当受骗并报了警。


走路赚钱竟要“拉人头”


相比上述案例,还有另一种套路。


趣步号称通过“区块链+运动”模式倡导并激励人们运动。听起来很美,不过它最近摊上事儿了。



“‘趣步’公司及‘趣步’项目涉嫌网络传销、非法集资、金融诈骗,长沙市工商局经开区已立案调查。”9月25日,长沙市政府官网“市民信箱”如此答复网友。


科技日报记者发现,目前趣步官网仍能打开,但趣步APP在很多应用商店已下架。官网打开后是注册页面,需要用手机号注册并填写“推荐人”。


据报道,在趣步APP下架之前,用户注册成功后还需向平台提供身份证号、银行卡账户、微信账号并支付1元进行身份验证,才能进行下一步操作。用户可通过每天走几千步来换取“糖果”,糖果可用来换购商品或提取现金。但用户仅靠步数赚取的糖果有限,如想增加收益,就需购买糖果,或者“拉人头”。推荐的新人越多,赚的糖果越多。 


“糖果提现的门槛很高,很难取出来,而且掌握的个人信息太多了。一位曾经的趣步用户告诉科技日报记者,他经朋友推荐下载了趣步APP,但发现这款APP虽宣传得很好,用起来却不同,于是卸载了。另一位用户也表示因糖果不易提现而卸载。


“趣步平台并非简单地拿步数换钱,中间很多方法存疑。”中网载线控股有限公司中网区块链研究院院长杜红超在接受科技日报记者采访时说。


趣步用户不“拉人头”或购买糖果,就难以提升活跃度,难以增加收益。“这是一种甜蜜的诱惑,与传销套路很相似。”北京理工大学计算机网络安全对抗技术研究所所长闫怀志对此表示。


戴着区块链面具宰“羔羊”


谈到区块链领域的虚假或诈骗“套路”,闫怀志指出其中一种模式:


先全盘设计,讲好“推广赚钱”的故事。然后通过各种方式推广,吸引用户并诱导其扩散传播。当海量用户不知不觉中成为待宰的“羔羊”时,骗子开始收网。届时,个人信息被收集倒卖、平台圈钱跑路将成为用户噩梦,而行骗者则赚得盆满钵满。“大多数用户沦为猎物,骗子公司才是最终受益者。”闫怀志说。



在杜红超看来,市场上与区块链相关的虚假或诈骗项目可分为三类。


一种是跟区块链技术毫无关系的资金盘。这些平台利用人们对区块链不了解却又想赚钱的心理,伪装成炒虚拟货币,但它跟虚拟货币和区块链毫无关系。王晓雨家人很可能误入这种资金盘。


另一种还有空气币,特点是以区块链为名义,伪造名人背书,但没有实际应用价值。


第三种是山寨币,就是按区块链的规范去做,但技术含量不够且虚假成分较多,前景可疑。


有些打着区块链幌子的项目,极难分辨。


“有的上市公司与区块链业务并无太大关系,但可能通过宣称与有区块链业务的公司合作来炒作区块链概念。这种合作不是实质性的,普通投资者如果不懂区块链,就容易被蒙蔽,从而遭受经济损失。”清华经管数字金融资产研究中心主任罗玫接受采访时说。



罗玫介绍,个别中小企业在融资和营收比较困难的情况下,也会蹭区块链的热度以获得融资,但区块链在其业务中并无实际应用场景,从而导致社会资源浪费。


识别“真链”需火眼金睛


为何会出现打着区块链名义的虚假或诈骗项目?


罗玫认为,原因之一是很多普通投资人都有赚快钱心理,但又对区块链认识不够,因此容易被忽悠。


罗玫介绍,她正筹备拍摄在清华Mooc平台的线上区块链课程,为人们普及区块链基础知识。“普通人在投资区块链项目之前,学习区块链相关知识和深入了解经营团队非常重要。”


杜红超也表示,老百姓希望找到好的理财途径,但区块链是高科技,涉及复杂的逻辑,普通人缺乏相关知识又对超预期收益充满渴望,就给骗子留下可乘之机。



“基于区块链的数字货币此前获得了丰厚回报,这段价值增值的历史,引导资本投向该领域。加上区块链属于新概念、新技术,对资本吸引力较大,骗子也打起歪主意。”赛迪智库信软所软件研究室主任蒲松涛接受科技日报记者采访时表示,“要对舆论做适当引导,宣传好新概念、新技术。另外,政府对区块链的监督,以及第三方服务机构的认证和测评也很重要。”


面对当前泥沙俱下的区块链项目,火币大学校长、中国通信工业协会区块链专委会副主任委员于佳宁表示:“要尽快启动立法进程,逐步将相关项目纳入法制轨道,同时借助科技手段,实现‘以链治链’。


“当然,还要加强应用方面的引导。给好项目营造适宜发展环境,让有实力的团队加快推进区块链技术创新和应用落地,通过溢出效应淘汰含有水分的项目,让骗子无立足之地。”于佳宁说。


中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员赵磊也表示:“区块链只有用于具体场景,才可能造福社会利益或公共利益。准确理解、合理利用区块链技术才是正道。”


“建立统一、规范的技术标准,是区块链发展亟待解决的问题。相关部门要尽快出台标准,为监管提供依据。”赵磊强调,面对区块链,要少一点喧嚣浮躁,多一点理性思考。 


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When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候,就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春,你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注,因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住,事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好,便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受,就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是,他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流,要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡,让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情,这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会,给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人,而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言,任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界,你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣,不代表脆弱,只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源:小兵说天下

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