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AS IT IS
Don’t Forget to Turn Back the Clock!
November 01, 2019
FILE - In this Thursday, July 25, 2019 photo, workers at the Electric Time Company in Medfield, Mass., test a 20 foot high clock, built for the a new train station in Bangkok, Thailand. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
Many Americans have a chance to sleep in a little longer this weekend.
In the early hours of Sunday, November 3, Daylight Saving Time comes to an end in most of the country. People are supposed to turn their clocks back an hour. So, they will have one more hour to rest.
But there are exceptions. The time change is not observed in the states of Arizona or Hawaii or United States territories such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Daylight saving time is the tradition of moving the clocks forward one hour in March and turning them back again in November. Americans use the expression “spring forward, fall back” to remember which way to set their clocks.
American Benjamin Franklin first proposed the time change in 1784. He liked the idea of moving clocks forward to take advantage of more sunlight during the summer months.
Franklin wrote, “Every morning, as soon as the Sun rises, let all the bells in every church be set ringing: and if that is not sufficient, let cannon be fired in every street to wake the sluggards…”
This led some people to believe that the proposal to move the time forward was just an attempt to make late sleepers get up early.
In 1915, Germany and Britain agreed to the time change during World War I to save energy. When the United States entered the war, Congress passed a law in 1918 to adopt Daylight Saving Time. The practice ended in 1920 because American farmers objected, but returned in 1942 after the U.S. entered World War II.
After the fighting stopped, American states and towns were given a choice whether to keep daylight saving time. For a time, this led to a free-for-all system, with people never really sure about the timing of bus and train service. Congress passed a law to keep the time uniform across the country; however, several states, including Hawaii and Arizona, kept control of the local time.
The idea behind daylight saving time was to save energy. With more sunlight later in the day, people would use less electric lighting. But scientists now say people use even more energy to operate air-conditioners for the long, hot days of summer.
The Time and Date website says fewer than 40 percent of countries around the world use daylight saving time, or DST. In Europe, where the time change was first adopted, the European Parliament voted in March to end it by 2021. European Union member countries, however, can choose to stay on DST, known as “summer time,” or return to normal time, or “winter time.”
In the United States, some states are trying to decide whether to stay on DST year-round or just end the time change altogether.
Florida became the first state to approve a proposal for observing DST year-round and California soon may follow. Other states, like Texas, are looking to stay in standard time permanently. All measures will require U.S. Congressional approval.
One of the Americans who wants to end the time change is President Donald Trump. Trump wrote on Twitter earlier this year, “Making Daylight Saving Time permanent is O.K. with me!”
I'm Caty Weaver.
Hai Do wrote this story for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
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Words in This Story
advantage - n. benefit or gain
sufficient - adj. enough, having or providing as much as is needed
cannon - n. a large gun that shoots heavy stone balls
sluggard - n. a lazy person
uniform - adj. staying the same at all times in all places
HEALTH & LIFESTYLE
Study Suggests Virus Cause of Paralyzing Illness in Children
November 01, 2019
FILE - This 2014 file electron microscope image made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows numerous, spheroid-shaped Enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) virions. Doctors have suspected a mysterious paralyzing illness, acute flaccid myelit
Scientists have found the strongest evidence yet that a virus is to blame for a mysterious illness that can quickly paralyze children.
The very rare condition, called acute flaccid myelitis or AFM, is similar to the polio disease. The first reports of the disease came from the American state of California in 2012. Since then, the U.S. has experienced an increasingly bigger outbreak every other year, from late summer into autumn.
Doctors have long believed that certain viruses known as enteroviruses caused AFM. But they did not have enough evidence to prove it.
So researchers tried something new. They checked patients’ spinal fluid for signs the immune system had fought an invading virus. Children who got sick had antibodies that target enteroviruses.
Dr. Michael Wilson is with the University of California, San Francisco. He helped lead the research. He said the evidence did not prove their idea. But it was a powerful sign enteroviruses cause AFM.
His team reported the findings in the publication Nature Medicine.
Study co-writer Dr. Riley Bove is with the same university as Wilson. Bove’s son developed AFM at age four. He noted, “If you don’t have a cause, you can’t have a vaccine.” Bove added that Wilson developed “a good enough microscope, in a sense, to find things they suspected were there.”
About 590 cases of the illness have been confirmed in the U.S. since 2014. Cases increased that year, in 2016 and in 2018. Only a few were reported in the years in between. So far, there have been 22 cases this year.
Bove’s son Luca demonstrates the pattern. His whole family caught a cold in the summer of 2014. A few days later, Luca woke up with weakness in his neck that traveled down his shoulder. Within days, he had body-wide paralysis and trouble breathing. He recovered slowly. Today, he still has some paralysis in his neck, shoulder and arm.
Experts believe either a germ or the body’s reaction to a germ damages nerves in the spinal cords of patients like Luca. They are preparing for another possible increase of cases next summer.
I’m Jonathan Evans.
Lauran Neergaard reported this story for the Associated Press. Jonathan Evans adapted it for Learning English. Kelly Jean Kelly was the editor.
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Words in This Story
antibodies – n. substances produced by the body to fight disease
germ – n. a very small living thing that causes disease
immune – adj. not capable of being affected by a disease
outbreak – n. a sudden start or increase of fighting or disease
paralyze – v. to make a person or animal unable to move or feel all or part of the body
spinal – adj. of, relating to, or affecting the spine
THE DAY IN PHOTOS
November 1, 2019
November 01, 2019
A look at the best news photos from around the world.
1"Visions in Motion," artwork made of 30,000 ribbons with written wishes and messages, is installed at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany.
3Vendors sell artificial flowers at a roadside market ahead of the Chhath Puja Festival in Siliguri, India.
4A man stands by flowers laid outside the mosque in Bayonne, France, a few days after an older man tried to set fire to the mosque and shot two men, aged 74 and 78, who came out to investigate.
5A child sits next to a tomb lit with candles in the San Gregorio Atlapulco cemetery during Day of the Dead festivities, in Mexico City, Mexico.
6A Palestinian boy takes cover from Israeli fire during an anti-Israel protest at the Israel-Gaza border fence, in the southern Gaza Strip.
7Flames burn a hillside, as firefighters battle the Maria Fire in Santa Paula, California.
8An Algerian demonstrator wearing face paint in the colors of the national flag takes part in an anti-government demonstration in the capital Algiers.
9Rogue elephant Laden is seen walking inside Rongjuli forest range in Goalpara district of Assam state. Indian forest officials have launched a search for the elephant that has run over and killed five villagers.
10A person looks at Kara Walker's "Being the True Account of the Life of the Negress" during a press event for the Christie's Post-War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale in New York on Nov. 13.