The course insists its intrinsic quality to cultivate the students with moral education, integrating the ideological and political education to make students have both political integrity and ability.Students are expected to have the prudent attitude toward research work with good professional ethics. The field of quantitative cell biology seeks to address the need for methods to measure, model, and predict complex behavior sat the level of cells and sub-cellular processes. This course is designed to provide a foundation of basic principles for modeling cell biology problems by combining computational modeling and quantitative data analysis. We will introduce the fundamentals of cell structure and function from a physical perspective and discuss quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis and approaches applicable to a number of important topics in cell biology, with central notion best described by：“an appropriate application of a relatively small number of fundamental physical models can serve as the foundation of whole bodies of quantitative biological intuition, broadly useful across a wide range of biological problems.” The goal of this course is therefore to help biomedical engineering students to master a series of quantitative approaches to acquire a biophysical perspective to address problems in cell biology. The course is heavily supplemented by research articles related to topics in biophysics and modeling of cell biology.
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（一）学习目标及重点
Learning Objectives (emphasize the important points and requirements)
- Define the main classes of macro molecules constructing organisms (Proteins, lipids,nucleic acid and carbohydrates) and model the macromolecules.
- Define the macro molecules assemblies and describe how the macro molecules of proteins,nucleic acids, sugars and lipids form macro molecules assemblies (Nucleosomes,Nuclear pore complex, ATP synthase, Ribosome).
- Describe and estimate the viral assemblies (Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),SARS-CoV-2 virus) .
（二）新课内容引入
Scientists and other curious humans observe the natural world around them and try to make sense of its constituent parts and the ways that they interact. The particular subset of the natural world called life has always held special fascination. In the quest tounderst and the nature of life, scientists over hundreds of years have investigated the properties of living organisms and their constituent materials. Living organisms contain a large number of small, simple molecules that are critical to their function. These small molecules are important to life processes and are used by the cell as building blocks to make the macro molecules.
切入点解析：体现了科学研究创新性，艰难性及重要性。要保持好奇心，思考生命的本质，勇于进行科学研究探索和创新。（三）具体授课内容
1. Structure,functions and models of basic macro molecules.(1) Proteins (Concept/Model)Protein folding. Primary structure,secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure. Unfoldedor misfolded proteins contribute to the pathology of many diseases.Example. Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, several allergies have been shown to be caused by incorrect protein folding.思政元素2：强调规则意识，规则/有序的重要性，基础的重要性。切入点解析：从微观层次上的蛋白质折叠错误导致严重疾病如阿尔兹海默症，帕金森等的发生，可见内部/基层的微乎其微的出错或者打破规则，可能引起不可挽回的致命后果。（2）Nucleic acids（3）Lipids（4）Carbohydrates2. The macro molecules assemblies of cellMacro molecules come together to form assemblies working as a team. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.思政元素3：强调团结合作的重要性，强调个人责任意识，个体组成集体所发挥的力量是1+1>2。切入点分析：从蛋白质、核酸、脂质和糖类通过合作的形式，组装形成了具有不同功能不同类别的高分子，实现了1+1>2的作用。(1) Nucleosomes(2) Nuclearpore complex(3) Ribosome(4) ATPsynthase3.Viruses as Assemblies(1) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(2) SARS-CoV-2 virus- 4. Academic paper learning and discussion
(清华大学李赛团队和李兰娟院士团队发表关于新冠病毒三维结构解析论文)(1) The Story Behind(2) Questions and Discussion①What is the challenge to reveal the architecture of SARS-CoV-2 virus?②What tools are involved to image the structures of virus?③How to design the experiments?④Can you describe the main conclusions about SARS-CoV-2 virus?思政元素4：强调先进技术和科技强国的重要性，为国家做贡献的意识；科学研究的探索精神和奉献精神。切入点分析：李赛团队排除万难，和李兰娟院士团队通过先进技术，首次实现对新冠病毒组装结构的三维全方位的解析的重要研究成果。适用范围：本案例适合细胞生物、生物医学概论等课程。本案例是详细介绍李赛团队在突发疫情之后，利用先进成像技术，对新冠病毒的结构进行解析，展示出迄今为止最完整的新冠病毒形象的过程和背后所作的努力。思政元素：自从疫情爆发以来，全球几乎所有人都深切地感受到了疫情对生活造成的影响。在共产党的领导下，我国在抗击疫情方面做出了巨大的努力才有了如今的局面。这场全民抗击疫情的战役后，涌现出许许多多的最美逆行者，他们在自己的岗位上兢兢业业恪尽职守，贡献自己的力量。作为科研工作者，李赛带领团队通过与李兰娟院士团队的合作，通过先进的冷冻电镜断层成像技术，获得了高精度的新冠病毒完整结构图，有助于人类开发出更高效的疫苗。通过案例的学习，一方面可以提高学生对先进科技发展重要性的认识，增强学生用先进知识武装自己的主动性；同时，通过李赛团队与时间赛跑的科研投入和付出，提高学生对科学研究先进性和时效性的认识，促进学生对自身学习状态的思考；此外，从学术界对相同问题的不同答案，鼓励学生要用批判性眼光和辩证思维去看待问题，要通过科学的手段分析寻找问题的答案。（1）通过案例的学习，让学生了解到最前沿的科学研究进展，学习如何实现对新冠病毒的三维组装结构的解析，促进学生对课程知识的进一步理解。（2）通过案例的学习，可以加强学生对课堂学习知识重要性的认识，要通过科学手段寻找问题答案，也要用批判性眼光和辩证思维去看待问题。相关教学经验：在从课程知识过渡到思政元素的过程中，思政元素的扩展要自然精确，不要有过多赘述，避免如同植入广告，影响学生的上课情绪和效果。另外，通过与当前研究进展的联系，充分将专业知识与实践结合，让学生能够理论联系实际，并意识到所学知识的重要性和先进性。在讲授的过程中，要适当将课堂知识点与案例中的研究成果和数据进行关联分析，给学生提供更加直观的认识。在上课过程中，要有问题思考，引导学生参与到讨论和思考中。课堂上，学生能够就问题积极思考，讨论和发言。学生不仅对包括病毒在内的高分子组装过程有了知识储备，通过案例的学习更加深刻地认识和体会到所学知识的应用价值，提高了学习的趣味性和主动性。