双语|投资新指南？澳政府发布主要城市数据报告National Cities Performance Framework

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前言

城市与数字化转型部助理部长Angus Taylor表示，近日公布的《全国城市绩效框架》目的是为了鼓励每个城市提高各自的表现。这个说法无可非议，但这份报告里的指标真的有用吗？

毫无疑问，在未来几年，我们就会发现学术界和投资人会很喜欢这一改革框架。改革框架是否成功将取决于是否有更多的投资从大都市转移到其他中小城市。如果不能实现这一结果，这些框架里提供的数据就是没有意义。不管如何，在这个改革框架里，一些数据是十分有趣的，接下来将进行讨论。

澳大利亚的第一份《全国城市表现框架》记录和追踪了有关大城市的发展和表现，但这些数据究竟有多真实？它们又来自哪里？

《框架》公布在一个信息界面系统上，为了帮助政府、行业和社区更地制定城市政策和投资计划。这些数据有多实时、多突出还有待观察。

Angus Taylor？ 

Angus Taylor是城市协议的强烈支持者，也是具有潜力的未来总理候选人。他对信息城市发展一定是持乐观态度的，但不管怎样，我们来听听他怎么说。

助理部长Taylor表示，《框架》出台的时机非常好，因为最近一次的普查给我们提供了很全面的数据，让我们能够看到这些大城市最新的经济和增长状况。

比如，“30分钟城市”就是一个以前从未使用过的新数据。我们将会不断增加新数据，因为公共部门和私有部门都在持续不断地产生更多新的信息。

这些数据会用来指导未来“城市协议”的具体目标。当你看到每一个城市的数据时，你就能很明显地看到这些城市最大的、亟待解决的问题是什么。这些就是“城市协议”要实现的目标。

我们的目的不是要比较哪一个城市比别的城市更好，而是看到这些大城市的不同之处，进而让我们认识到不同的城市需要采取不同的解决方案。地方政府已经参与到这个过程中了，联邦政府也必须参与其中。

关于《绩效框架》的一些事实

《绩效框架》关注澳大利亚21个最大的城市，这些城市中，每一个城市人口都超过8万。《框架》还包括了西悉尼，承认这个地区对全国的重要性，同时也保持了与西悉尼城市协议发展目标的一致性。

《框架》包含46个指标，使用了全国性的、可以比较的可靠数据。以下是其中的一些关键指标。这些指标显然还不够全面，但不失为一个好的开始。

关键性指标 

“通勤时间少于30分钟”——工作通勤时间是城市生活质量的一个关键因素。在我们的主要大城市里，85.4%的工作地点开车30分钟以内就能到达。

“房价/收入比”——房价过高会严重影响一个城市的经济表现，而且会削弱社会凝聚力，并加剧财富不平等。在我们的大城市中，房价的中位数平均是家庭年均收入中位数的6.2倍。

“绿色空间”——绿色空间能为人们提供娱乐和运动场所，提高空气质量并减少城市热岛效应。在我们的大城市中，大约80%的城市住所方圆400米之内都有绿色空间。

“商业创造力”——在一个有活力、创新的经济体当中，商业创造力一定是很高的。在快节奏的全球竞争环境下，我们的城市要想繁荣，就必须有这种生命力。在澳大利亚的大城市中，每年新企业数量占所有企业数量的平均比例是13.9%。

“就业增长率”——就业对一个城市的经济活力有很大的影响，而且对一个人的经济、社会、和情绪状态有很大的影响。我们大城市的平均就业增长率是2.6%。

“青年失业率”——除了获得收入以外，工作还能给人一种价值感和社会参与感，使人保持身心健康。我们大城市的平均青年失业率是11.9%。

政府还在继续努力 

为了确保能够获得最好的城市数据和指标，《全国城市绩效框架》的出台涉及很多探索、研究和咨询工作。

《框架》反应了澳大利亚政府在开放数据共享方面的努力。

《框架》是一个动态的资源，会每年进行一次更新、三次审查。这样能够保证《框架》反应了最好的信息，为城市的新投资和改革提供了事实依据的指导。

虽然很多人的态度很乐观，年度审查的结果也很令人满意，但是在一个数据更新以毫秒计算的世界中，我们还有更高的要求。

在下一篇文章中，我会着重分析一个案例。新南威尔士州政府宣布了Bella Vista和Kellyville Precincts的重新分区计划，建设新的购物中心、设施和绿色开放空间，并为悉尼西北部提供1.04万个工作岗位。

敬请期待下一篇文章！

 『原文』National Cities Performance Framework, 

Data for better Cities 

Assistant Minister for Cities and Digital Transformation Angus Taylor said the Framework was about encouraging individual cities to improve outcomes. That claim is fair but are these data sets really useful?

No doubt academics are happy, is the same to be said for investors, we will see in the next number of years. The test will be if the investment destinations shift from the metropolitan cities. Otherwise such data will just be a self fulfilling prophecy. However there are some interesting Key Indicators, but about that later.

Australia’s first National Cities Performance Framework to track the progress and performance of our largest cities is reality, but how real are the numbers and where did and do they come from?

The Framework is published on a Dashboard, how live and salient we need to find out, to assist governments, industry and the community to better target cities policy and investments, including through City Deals.

Angus Taylor?

A great proponent of the City Deals is Angus Taylor, a potential Prime Minister. His views are upbeat as you would expect, but never the less let’s hear him out.

The timing of this is fantastic because we’ve just got a really comprehensive dataset from the most recent Australian census, which allows us to see the most updated picture of the economic and growth profile of these cities, Assistant Minister Taylor said.

The 30 minute city metric for instance, is new connectivity data which hasn’t been applied before. And we’re going to keep adding new data, because we know there’s great information coming out of not just the public sector, but the private sector.

The specific goals, to inform potential future City Deals, will come from these metrics. It’s very obvious when you look at each of these cities, what the challenges are that we have to address as a top priority and our City Deals will do exactly that.

It’s not a matter of one city being better than another, this dashboard tells us about the differences in our biggest cities. It tells us that we need policies that customise solutions for individual cities and a national government has to be part of that, just as local governments already are.

Optimism is great but lets look at some facts that frame these comments.

The initial focus of the Performance Framework is on Australia’s 21 largest cities, each with a population above 80,000. The Framework also includes Western Sydney, recognising the region’s national significance and aligned to the area of the Western Sydney City Deal.

The Framework contains 46 indicators, and draws on nationally consistent, comparable and reliable data sets. The following are some of the Key indicators included, clearly there is more work to do, but they appear a good start.

Key Indicators!

‘Jobs accessible in 30 minutes’ - access to jobs is a key driver of accessibility and quality of life in our cities.  On average across our largest cities, 85.4 per cent of jobs are accessible within 30 minutes by car.

‘Housing price to income ratio’ - a lack of affordable housing can weigh on a city’s economic performance and can undermine social cohesion and exacerbate wealth inequality. On average across our largest cities, a median priced dwelling costs 6.2 times the median annual household income.

‘Access to green space’ - accessibility to green space can provide opportunities for recreation and exercise, improve air quality and reduce urban heat island effects. On average, across our largest cities approximately 80 per cent of dwellings in Australia’s cities are within 400 metres of green space.

‘Business creation’- in a dynamic, innovative economy we expect a high rate of business creation. We need this vitality for our cities to thrive in a fast-paced and competitive global environment. Across Australia’s largest cities, the average business entry rate is 13.9 per cent per year.

‘Employment growth’ - being in paid work affects the strength of a city’s economy and has important implications for a person’s economic, social and emotional wellbeing. On average, across our largest cities, employment growth is 2.6 per cent.

‘Youth unemployment’ - as well as an income, people gain a sense of worth from their work and enjoy greater opportunities for social engagement, which enhances both mental and physical wellbeing. On average, the rate of youth unemployment across our largest cities is 11.9 per cent.

Now back to Angus Taylor, he had the following to say.

The creation of the National Cities Performance Framework has involved exhaustive exploration, research and consultation to identify and secure the best city level data sets and indicators we could find.

This Framework reflects the Australian Government’s commitment to open and accessible data sharing.

The Performance Framework is a living resource to be improved over time through annual updates and three yearly reviews. This will ensure it continues to reflect best available information and provides a strong evidence base to guide new investments and reforms in our cities.

As we said optimism abound, annual reviews are fine, however in a world of instant data updates and transactions monitored to the millisecond and less, todays world demands more.

I will look at an example next, the NSW Government has announced the rezoning of the Bella Vista and Kellyville Precincts to create vibrant communities with new town centres, facilities and green open space, along with 10,400 new jobs for Sydney’s north-west.

This example deserves its own piece so lease look out for it shortly!

作者Author：Roger Hausmann／Federal Parliamentary Journalist澳洲联邦记者

本文翻译Translator：周吉吉Julie

本文编辑Editor：千千Coco、周吉吉Julie

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