英文论文中，如何写结果与讨论

“讨论”一词有多种含义，然而，在学术写作中，它通常是指两种类型的行为：a)在得出一个结论前，先考虑事情或问题的两面性；b)考虑这些研究的直接结果和隐藏的结果。讨论部分可能是学术论文中最复杂的部分。它们通常围绕着一个结果的描述或一个重要的“发现”展开。由于通常研究结果有不止一个，讨论部分的结构也可能会有一次又一次的讨论所构成。下面列出了常见的讨论过程中所需要的一些表达方式。

需要注意的是，当提供解释和说明结果时使用的语言应该非常谨慎。

1

Statements of result: usually with reference to results section

One interesting finding is …
The current study found that …
Another important finding was that …
The most interesting finding was that …
In this study, Xs were found to cause …
The results of this study show/indicate that …
On the question of X, this study found that …
This experiment did not detect any evidence for …
The most important clinically relevant finding was …

X provided the largest set of significant clusters of …
It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study …
The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that …
In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of …
The results of this study did not show that …/did not show any significant increase in …

2

Reference to previous research: support

These results

further support the idea of …
confirm the association between …
are consistent with data obtained in …
match those observed in earlier studies.
are in line with those of previous studies.
are in agreement with those obtained by …
are in accord with recent studies indicating that …
seem to be consistent with other research which found …
are consistent with those of Smith and Jones (2015) who …
are in agreement with Smith’s (1999) findings which showed …
support previous research into this brain area which links X and Y.
corroborate the ideas of Smith and Jones (2008), who suggested that …

3

Reference to previous research: contradict

This study has been unable to demonstrate that …
However, this result has not previously been described.
This outcome is contrary to that of Smith et al. (2001) who found …
This finding is contrary to previous studies which have suggested that …
In contrast to earlier findings, however, no evidence of X was detected.
The yields in this investigation were higher compared to those of other studies.
However, the findings of the current study do not support the previous research.
Smith et al. (1999) showed that … This differs from the findings presented here …
The overall level was found to be 15%, lower than that of previously reported levels.
It has been suggested that … (Smith et al., 2002). This does not appear to be the case.
The levels observed in this investigation are far below those observed by Smith et al. (2007).
These results differ from X’s 2003 estimate of Y, but they are broadly consistent with earlier …

4

Explanations for results

A possible explanation for this might be that …
Another possible explanation for this is that …
This result may be explained by the fact that …
There are, however, other possible explanations.
These relationships may partly be explained by …
There are several possible explanations for this result.
A possible explanation for these results may be the lack of adequate …
These differences can be explained in part by the proximity of X and Y.
These factors may explain the relatively good correlation between X and Y.

This inconsistency may be due to …
These results are likely to be related to …
This discrepancy could be attributed to …
It seems possible that these results are due to …
This rather contradictory result may be due to …
The observed increase in X could be attributed to …
It is difficult to explain this result, but it might be related to …

The possible interference of X cannot be ruled out.
It may be that these participants benefitted from …
Differences between X and Y may have influenced …
These possible sources of error could have affected …
There are two likely causes for the differences between …
The reason for this is not clear but it may have something to do with …
The observed correlation between X and Y might be explained in this way: …
Since this difference has not been found elsewhere it is probably not due to …

5

Suggesting general hypotheses

It is possible, therefore, that …
It can thus be suggested that …
In general, therefore, it seems that …
It may be the case therefore that these variations …
It is therefore likely that such connections exist between …
It is possible to hypothesise that these conditions are less likely to occur in …

These findings suggest that …
According to these data, we can infer that …
This observation may support the hypothesis that …
Hence, it could conceivably be hypothesised that …
The value of X suggests that a weak link may exist between …
These results provide further support for the hypothesis that …
Therefore, X could be a major factor, if not the only one, causing …

6

Suggestions for future work

This is an important issue for future research.
Research questions that could be asked include …
There are still many unanswered questions about …
Several questions remain unanswered at present.
Despite these promising results, questions remain.
Further work is required to establish the viability of…
Further research should be undertaken to investigate the …
There is abundant room for further progress in determining …
A further study with more focus on X is therefore suggested.
Future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
To develop a full picture of X, additional studies will be needed that …
In future investigations, it might be possible to use a different X in which …
Further studies, which take these variables into account, will need to be undertaken.

建材研究生学社

有知识/有看点