上海博物馆：如何在生活中创造统合综效
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老桑说
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「朋友，你好！我是老桑。」
老桑在上海博物馆
最近我来到上海参加一位朋友和学生王飞法官翻译的一本美国合同法经典教科书的新书发布会，并参观了上海艺术博物馆。这是一个必看的博物馆，它能够引导你穿越中国千年的艺术、工艺品发展的历史。
王飞法官新书发布暨座谈会
徜徉在博物馆中，你可以欣赏到中国青铜器、绘画、玉器、家具、雕刻以及其他事物，随着历史发展的过程。每一代的手工匠人们学习大师的作品，同时也保持着开放的态度，不拘泥于先例，创造属于自己的进步。
兽面蕉叶纹耳玉杯
在游览的过程中，我花了很多时间在中国古代陶瓷馆，包括著名的暂得楼陶瓷馆。那里涵盖了从新石器时代到清代的瓷器藏品。我被明清时期的瓷器深深吸引，忘记了时间的流逝。
根据博物馆的介绍，一个艺术成就的高峰出现在了18世纪，那时的工匠仿造了很多其他材料制作的器物。
比如下面的这个盖碗：
景德镇窑青釉花描金叶茶叶末座盖碗
它看起来好像是一个拥有珊瑚把手玉质的碗，放在了一个铜制的台座上，整个碗实际上是陶瓷做的。
其他展出的文物包括一些看起来像竹子、木头和漆器的陶瓷制品。我反复观赏，难以置信于这些展品竟然是用陶瓷做的。
为了能够创造出这些作品，工匠们必须非常熟悉前辈们积累下来的陶瓷制作技术。但是他们也必须保持开放的心态，乐于创造新作品。在此影响下，他们的创新体现在用陶瓷复制其他事物的形态。
我相信工匠们也会互相交流，glean（搜寻）彼此关于陶瓷制作的新想法。
这种相互结合的学习、心态开放以及头脑风暴spark（触发）了协同效应，使得他们创造完全与以往不同的新事物，将陶瓷制作技艺提升到了更高的水平。
景德镇窑绿釉菊瓣形盖碗
我们也是如此，也可以做类似的事情来创造我们生活中的协同效应。
在我的公众号中，我们学习了史蒂芬·科维的“高效能人士的7个习惯”，帮助我们创造人生成功的机会。这个月，我们将着眼于第六个习惯：统合综效。
科维认为“协同”意味着整体大于部分之和。
应用在创造性合作过程中，来自不同领域背景的人们一起通过头脑风暴找出特定问题的解决方案。当每个人都对新的选择抱以开放的态度，你可以通过提出新的方案让大家跟随你一起实现。
在家庭生活方面，科维建议夫妻之间需要互相感情互通地倾听理解彼此，为家庭事务的解决创造新的选择而非只是坚持一边倒的解决方案（习惯五：倾听以理解）。商业领域方面，他建议同事们去尊重彼此的差异，并以此为契机来创造新的产品和策略。
景德镇窑粉彩三果纹盖碗
在课堂上，他建议不能仅仅传授信息给学生，而是应该cultivate（培养）一个充满活力的教室，老师和学生可以相互学习。这一直是我教学的理念。我可能因为一个学生提到了某个重要的“可教时刻”时为了所有学生的兴趣放弃我原有的教学方案。
当所有这些习惯集合起来，就会产生协同效应。这种协同，反而可以创造新的可能，也许是原先并不存在的事物。科维在书中提到的7个习惯帮助我们去“创造统合综效的奇迹”。
科维写道，我们可以利用但不能复制以往协同的经历。他说：“就像流传于远东地区的一句哲言：‘我们不应单纯地模仿大师的言行，而应该追求大师所追求的。’同样，我们不应该单纯地模仿，而应该创造。”
景德镇窑胭脂红釉盖碗
那些创造了18世纪陶瓷制造历史的工匠们经历了与他们前辈类似的成长过程。在此基础上，艺术家们拥有了可以将自己的创造力和技术从想法变为现实作品的能力。如果他们只是单纯模仿自己老师，与世隔绝的工作，他们可能永远无法发展自己的能力，更不要说创造新事物的可能了。
如果当事人有倾听和相信彼此的习惯（科维认为这是一个余额充足的情感账户），以双赢模式、先理解别人来思考问题，所有这些加在一起，就是实现创造性统合综效的理想环境。
他说：“佛教把这个叫做‘中道思想’，中道并不意味着妥协，它代表着更高的含义，就像是三角形的顶点。”
景德镇窑仿雕漆红釉盘
我并不认同这种对佛教“中道”思想的理解，即寻找中间路线不要走极端。但是，我理解作者的观点，创造性的解决方法不应只是单一角度并偏袒一方，而是“更高”层次的共赢思想。
利用这种三角类比，我们再来看看那些早期的陶瓷工匠们。他们的成就来源于两方面：前辈大师们的成就以及他们对新事物的开放态度。在科维的语境中，他们都是优秀的倾听者，不断寻求对于大师成就的理解，并且他们还以“双赢”模式来思考，既需要对传统保持尊重，又要做出自己的成就。
这造就了统合综效，产生了新的事物：陶瓷制品看上去并不像陶瓷的样貌。同时之后创造了艺术的“新大陆”，使后来的工匠们enable（能够）将陶瓷艺术带到新的高峰。
或许你下次来到上海艺术博物馆（或是其他的艺术博物馆）可以试着捕捉这种统合综效，从而带给你如何处理自己当下生活环境问题的新想法。
学习大师们的作品，与朋友同事交流，并保持对于新观念的开放态度，你也许也会讶异于自己的成果。
老桑与上海普陀法院王飞院长
我的朋友，如果你纠结于个人或是事业上的问题，不要只是复制前人的成果，或是跟从极端的viewpoint（观点），为什么不与他人头脑风暴看看是否能够找到新的解决方式呢？就像科维写的那样，这种统合综效可以提高你的效力并有助于是所有人获益。
谢谢收看《老桑说》。
给你启发，激励你上进，陪伴你坚持。
敬请期待下一集。
英文版
English
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Shanghai Art Museum:
how to create synergy in your life
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「 Hello, my friend！
I'm John Smagula. 」
Shanghai Museum atrium
As you tour the museum, you witness how Chinese bronzes, painting, jade, furniture, and sculpture, among others, have developed along with Chinese history. Each generation of artisans studied the masters, but also kept an open mind to depart from precedent and make their own advances.
According to the museum display, a highpoint of artistic achievement occurred in the 18th century, where artisans imitated objects of other materials. For example, take a look at this bowl:
Celadon covered bowl
It looks like a jade bowl with a coral handle, set on a bronze base. In fact, the entire bowl is made from porcelain.
Other works on display include porcelain art that looks like bamboo, wood, and lacquerware. I had to look twice, finding it hard to believe that the works on display were actually made from porcelain.
In order to create these pieces, artisans had to be familiar with the porcelain making techniques of their forbearers. Yet they also had to keep an open mind, being willing to create something new. In this case, their innovation was using porcelain to reproduce other objects. I’m sure the artisans also spoke among themselves, gleaning insight from each other about new possibilities.
This combined study, open-mindedness, and brainstorming sparked a synergy that allowed them to create something completely new, bringing porcelain artistry to a higher level.
We, too, can do the same thing to create synergy in our own lives.
On my blog, we have been learning The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey to build our own chances of success in life. This month, we come to Habit 6: Synergize.
Covey writes that “synergy” means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. When applied to creative cooperation, people with different backgrounds come together to brainstorm a solution to a particular issue. When everyone is open to fresh alternatives, you open new possibilities and new continents, so that others can follow.
In family life, Covey suggests that a husband and wife empathically listen to and understand each other, creating new options for family issues rather than one-sided solutions (Habit 5: listen to understand). In business, he advises colleagues to respect each other’s differences and use them as fodder for creating new products and strategies (Habit 4: think Win/Win).
Wood grain pattern glazed bowl
In the classroom, he suggests not simply transmitting information to students, but cultivating a dynamic classroom where the teacher and students learn from each other. This has always been my teaching philosophy, where I will abandon my lesson plan that day if a student says something that sparks an important “teachable moment” to explore for everyone’s benefit.
The use of these habits in combination, in turn, create a synergy. This synergy, in turn, creates new alternatives—something that wasn’t there before. Covey says that the seven habits in his book together prepare us to “create the miracle of synergy.”
Covey writes that we can draw on—but not reproduce—previous synergistic experiences. He says, “Like the Far Eastern philosophy, ‘We seek not to imitate the masters, rather we seek what they sought,’ we seek not to imitate past creative synergistic experiences, rather we seek new ones around new and different and sometimes higher purposes.”
The artisans who created the 18th century porcelains went through the same learning process their masters did. With this base, the artists were equipped to bring their own creativity and skill to life. If they simply imitated their teachers and worked in a vacuum, they may have never developed their own abilities, not to mention the possibility of creating new works.
When the parties have a history of listening and trusting each other (which Covey describes as a high Emotional Bank Account), thinking Win/Win, and seeking first to understand, this combination creates an ideal environment for synergy.
He says, “Buddhism calls this ‘the middle way.’ Middle in the sense does not mean compromise; it means higher, like the apex of a triangle.”
Peach-shaped jade cup with figure design
I don’t think this is the correct understanding of the Buddhist “middle way,” which means to seek the middle course and not go to extremes. However, I appreciate the author’s point, in that a creative solution need not be one-sided and favoring one party, but a “higher” level where everyone wins.
Using this triangle analogy, we can also look at the early porcelain artisans. They were grounded in two points: the works of the masters and openness to new things. In Covey’s terms, they were good “listeners” by seeking to understand the masters, and they were also “thinking Win/Win” in wanting to show respect for tradition while also making their own mark.
This, in turn, created a synergy, which gave rise to something new: porcelain ware that didn’t look like porcelain. This then created a new “continent” of artistry, enabling later artisans to bring porcelain art to an even higher level.
Perhaps your next visit to the Shanghai Art Museum (or other art museum) can help spark synergy to give you insight on how to deal with one of your current life circumstances. Learn from the masters, discuss with your friends and colleagues, and be open to new perspectives. You might be surprised by the result.
My friend, if you’re stuck with a personal or business problem, rather than just copy past solutions or follow one extreme viewpoint, why not also brainstorm with others to see if there might be a completely new solution? As Covey writes, this synergy will increase your own effectiveness and could benefit everyone involved.
1.Glean
a)含义：v. 收集
b)例句：
i.I’m sure the artisans also spoke among themselves, gleaning insight from each other about new possibilities.
我相信工匠们也会互相交流，搜寻彼此关于陶瓷制作的新想法。
ii.The contacts you make and information you glean aid you on a personal level whenever you change jobs, while improving your current status.
不管你什么时候为改善你现有状况而跳槽，你建立的联系和收集的信息都会有助于你提高自身水平。
c)近义词：find out, gather, pick up
2.Spark
a)含义： v. 发动；鼓舞
b)例句：
i.This combined study, open-mindedness, and brainstorming sparked a synergy that allowed them to create something completely new, bringing porcelain artistry to a higher level.
这种相互结合的学习、心态开放以及头脑风暴触发了协同效应，使得他们创造完全与以往不同的新事物，将陶瓷制作技艺提升到了更高的水平。
ii.She looked at him and felt the instant spark of connection she had only experienced once before.
她看着他，立刻感到了那以前只经历过一次的霎那间碰撞的火花。
c)近义词： kindle, prompt, trigger
3.Cultivate
a)含义：v. 培养； 陶冶
b)例句：
i.In the classroom, he suggests not simply transmitting information to students, but cultivating a dynamic classroom where the teacher and students learn from each other.
在课堂上，他建议不能仅仅传授信息给学生，而是应该培养一个充满活力的教室，老师和学生可以相互学习。
ii.We must cultivate compassion for ourselves and for others for our survival.
我们必须为了他人，自己及我们的生存去培养善良。
c)近义词：advance, foster, nurture
4.Enable
a)含义：v. 使能够； 使成为可能
b)例句：
i.This then created a new “continent” of artistry, enabling later artisans to bring porcelain art to an even higher level.
同时之后创造了艺术的“新大陆”，使后来的工匠们能够将陶瓷艺术带到新的高峰。
ii.This document will enable her to pass through the enemy lines unmolested.
这证件将使她能平安无事地通过敌人防线。
c)近义词：allow, empower, qualify
5.Viewpoint
a)含义：n. 观点；看法
b)例句：
i.My friend, if you’re stuck with a personal or business problem, rather than just copy past solutions or follow one extreme viewpoint.
我的朋友，如果你纠结于个人或是事业上的问题，不要只是复制前人的成果，或是跟从极端的观点。
ii.To fully realize the ramifications of sin, we need a bigger, more experienced viewpoint than the one we have.
去全面意识到罪的分支，我们需要一个比我们所拥有的更大和更有经验的观点。
c)近义词：outlook, perspective, standpoint
Thank you for watching me to inspire, encourage, and accompany you.
See you next time.
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