Cell Reports:曹流/刘华团队揭示阿尔茨海默病表观遗传学新机制
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是导致老年人痴呆的最常见原因,临床表现为进行性记忆丧失、人格障碍和一般认知能力下降【1】。AD主要是一种散发的迟发型疾病(LOAD),而一小部分病例是家族性的(FAD)。在神经病理学上,AD以细胞外β淀粉样肽(Aβ)沉积、细胞内神经纤维Tau蛋白缠结和神经炎症为主要特征,这些与突触和神经元的丢失密切相关【2】。Aβ来源于淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的一系列蛋白水解过程,APP蛋白在神经突生长、细胞粘附和突触发生中至关重要【3】。虽然AD的症状和典型的病理特征是众所周知的,但导致该疾病的潜在机制仍不清楚。
Sirtuins蛋白家族是高度保守的NAD+依赖的去乙酰化酶,蛋白质的乙酰化和去乙酰化之间的平衡在年龄相关的神经退行性变中可能被破坏,而非组蛋白的乙酰化修饰可能发挥着神经保护作用【4-6】。在哺乳动物的sirtuins中,sirtuin 2 (SIRT2)是中枢神经系统中表达最为丰富的家族成员。在衰老的大脑中,SIRT2蛋白表达量增加,表明其在衰老或相关神经系统疾病中发挥潜在的作用【7】。虽然抑制SIRT2在神经退行性变中具有保护作用【8-12】,但其确切的分子机制仍不清楚。中国医科大学曹流教授团队与锦州医科大学刘华教授长期以来致力于探索Sirtuins蛋白在细胞衰老与肿瘤发生发展中的作用。
2022年7月12日,曹流教授与刘华团队在Cell Reports杂志在线发表题为Inhibition of SIRT2 promotes APP acetylation and ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice的研究成果,报道了SIRT2介导的APP蛋白赖氨酸位点132和134的去乙酰化作为一种受调控的翻译后修饰参与AD的新机制。
本研究发现:SIRT2能够结合并调控APP的赖氨酸乙酰化水平;抑制SIRT2活性导致APP乙酰化增强,促进其在细胞表面的非淀粉样蛋白加工,从而升高具有神经保护作用的sAPPα蛋白的水平。此外,外源表达乙酰化模拟型的APP突变体可保护原代海马神经元免受Aβ42低聚物的毒性损伤。重要的是,Sirt2基因缺失和药理学抑制其去乙酰化酶活性都能改善AD模型小鼠的认知功能障碍和Aβ病理性沉积。
综上,该项研究通过解析SIRT2介导的去乙酰化作用影响APP翻译后修饰的新机制,揭示了APP蛋白的乙酰化在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的重要作用,靶向SIRT2依赖的APP去乙酰化可作为阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗策略。
据悉,中国医科大学基础医学院/健康科学研究院白宁副研究员、研究生李娜和程蓉为该论文的共同第一作者,曹流教授与刘华教授为该论文的通讯作者。
原文链接:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111062
参考文献
1. Association, A.s. (2021). 2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 17, 327-406. doi: 10.1002/alz.12328.
2. Henry, W., Querfurth, H., and LaFerla, F. (2010). Mechanisms of disease Alzheimer’s disease. New Engl J Med 362, 329-344. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0909142.
3. Selkoe, D.J. (1998). The cell biology of β-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin in Alzheimer's disease. Trends in cell biology 8, 447-453. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(98)01363-4.
4. De Oliveira, R.M., Vicente Miranda, H., Francelle, L., Pinho, R., Szegö, É.M., Martinho, R., Munari, F., Lázaro, D.F., Moniot, S., and Guerreiro, P. (2017). The mechanism of sirtuin 2–mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS biology 15, e2000374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000374.
5. Jeong, H., Then, F., Melia Jr, T.J., Mazzulli, J.R., Cui, L., Savas, J.N., Voisine, C., Paganetti, P., Tanese, N., and Hart, A.C. (2009). Acetylation targets mutant huntingtin to autophagosomes for degradation. Cell 137, 60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.018.
6. Langley, B., Gensert, J.M., Beal, M.F., and Ratan, R.R. (2005). Remodeling chromatin and stress resistance in the central nervous system: histone deacetylase inhibitors as novel and broadly effective neuroprotective agents. Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders 4, 41-50. doi: 10.2174/1568007053005091.
7. Maxwell, M.M., Tomkinson, E.M., Nobles, J., Wizeman, J.W., Amore, A.M., Quinti, L., Chopra, V., Hersch, S.M., and Kazantsev, A.G. (2011). The Sirtuin 2 microtubule deacetylase is an abundant neuronal protein that accumulates in the aging CNS. Human molecular genetics 20, 3986-3996. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr326.
8. Chen, X., Wales, P., Quinti, L., Zuo, F., Moniot, S., Herisson, F., Rauf, N.A., Wang, H., Silverman, R.B., and Ayata, C. (2015). The sirtuin-2 inhibitor AK7 is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson’s disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral ischemia. PloS one 10, e0116919. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116919.
9. Chopra, V., Quinti, L., Kim, J., Vollor, L., Narayanan, K.L., Edgerly, C., Cipicchio, P.M., Lauver, M.A., Choi, S.H., and Silverman, R.B. (2012). The sirtuin 2 inhibitor AK-7 is neuroprotective in Huntington’s disease mouse models. Cell reports 2, 1492-1497. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.11.001.
10. Outeiro, T.F., Kontopoulos, E., Altmann, S.M., Kufareva, I., Strathearn, K.E., Amore, A.M., Volk, C.B., Maxwell, M.M., Rochet, J.-C., and McLean, P.J. (2007). Sirtuin 2 inhibitors rescue α-synuclein-mediated toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease. science 317, 516-519. doi: 10.1126/science.1143780.
11. Biella, G., Fusco, F., Nardo, E., Bernocchi, O., Colombo, A., Lichtenthaler, S.F., Forloni, G., and Albani, D. (2016). Sirtuin 2 inhibition improves cognitive performance and acts on amyloid-β protein precursor processing in two Alzheimer’s disease mouse models. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 53, 1193-1207. doi: 10.3233/JAD-151135.
12. Wang, Y., Yang, J.Q., Hong, T.-T., Sun, Y.H., Huang, H.L., Chen, F., Chen, X.J., Chen, H.Y., Dong, S.S., and Cui, L.L. (2020). RTN4B‐mediated suppression of Sirtuin 2 activity ameliorates β‐amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Aging cell 19, e13194. doi: 10.1111/acel.13194.