干货 | 翻译培训知识整理
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我们囿于翻译之海、语言之林
却想同你看遍有译思的全世界
本期小编：小译酱
导读：这周集训营的小伙伴们深入学习了历史文化类翻译。小伙伴们整理的新鲜出炉滴、热腾腾滴翻译培训干货，包括笔译集训总结、译词整理和优秀作业展示，沉甸甸的，拿稳咯~
※笔译集训总结
在本周的课程中，老师着重强调了历史文化类翻译应注意的翻译规范，非常实用哦！
1.一定要好好理解原文，不要添加原文中没有的信息
2. 中文中的成语、俗语不要太拘泥于原文了
3.不一定要按照原来的格式（寓意），一定要把意思表达出来
4.符合英文行文习惯
不积跬步无以至千里，让我们一同学习这些经典的语言表达吧！
※译词整理
※优秀学员作业
我认识一位从中国来美国的暑期交换学生，她告诉我一件她觉得奇怪的事情。她寄宿在一个美国人的家里。这家夫妇俩都是律师，有4个从上高中到小学的男孩。那个人家房子很大，有游艇（恐怕不止一只）和私人飞机，非常富有的样子，生活却很简单。有一次，父母两人出外度假，临走前在家里的大冰箱里为留在家里的4个孩子放好一模一样大小的4份食品，不分大小，每人一份。而且，还给他们每人分配一份工作，修整草地、洗游泳池、清理厨房、厕所等等。这4个孩子，大的食品不够吃，小的吃不了。大的向小的要，小的就以代做自己那一份家事为条件，把吃不了的分一些给大的。
Once a Chinese exchange student, who went to America on the summer camp, told me one thing confused herself. She stayed in an American family. The couples[n1] of this family are lawyers with 4 boys, ranging from primary students to high school students. They have a big house, a large low boat with a flat bottom and a private plane. They are rich but live in a simple way. Once, the couple went on a holiday, leaving four children at home. Before their leaving, they left four same food and asked their children to do one job, such as mowing the lawn, scrubbing the pool and sprucing up the kitchen or the bathroom and so forth. For these children, didn’t have sufficient food while the younger had too much food. As a result, the big one asked the young one for food at the cost of helping the young one do some housework.
这确实是一个典型的美国家庭，说它典型，不是说它拥有的财产（这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有），而是说它的价值观。
It is a typical American family, not for its wealth but for the values it upholds. (this family is wealthier than most American families.)
学员：D鸣惊人
《中庸》里面说:“好学近乎知,力行近乎仁,知耻近乎勇。”这里所说的“知耻近乎勇”中的“耻”其实是人之为人的一个文明指标。人类文明的表现之一是要有羞耻心，也可以叫“羞恶之心”。孟子讲：“无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。”
It is said in the Doctrine of the Mean that the one who loves to study is close to knowledge, someone who practices himself is close to benevolence, and someone who has the sense of shame is close to bravery. Here, the sense of shame is a civilized indicator which suggests one to be a human. One of the expressions of human civilization is to have the sense of shame. Mencius said:” One without the sense of compassion is an unqualified person ; one without the sense of shame is an unqualified person; one without the sense of humility is an unqualified person; and one without the sense of justice is an unqualified person.”
恻隐之心，就是不忍，就是“恕”，就是“己所不欲勿施于人”。辞让之心，就是文明礼貌；是非之心，就是社会的公平正义。而羞恶之心，就是“知耻”。孟子说这四个方面是人的“四端”，即做人的开始。没有这起码的四点，就不是“人”了，孟子称之为“非人”。
The sense of compassion means that you cannot bear to do something, which is forbearance. You shouldn’t do to others what you don’t wish them to do to you. The sense of humility is to live with decorum. The sense of justice is to maintain the integrity and justice in the society. And the sense of shame is to know what shame is. Mencius believed these four aspects to be the four origins of a person, which means the beginning to be a person. Without these four basics, one could not be called a person, who in Mencius words is an unqualified person.
孟子讲的“四端”在今天的意义，不需要多讲。当今社会，人和人之间的同情心都成了稀罕物了。见死不救仅仅是怕法律误判吗？我看主要是缺少“是非之心”，缺少正义感，缺少同情心，缺少悲悯之心。所以，如果讲当代社会大家共同的价值，我觉得应该是礼义廉耻。这四个字源自中国文化最基本的价值，应该成为今天全社会公认的价值。
There is no need to reemphasize the significance of the four origins proposed by Mencius. In the society nowadays, compassion between one and another seems to be rather rare. Are the passersby who neglect the dying person only afraid of the erroneous judgement? I suppose they lack a sense of justice, compassion, and sympathy. In conclusion, I believe the common value in nowaday society should[n7] be the sense of priority, justice, honesty and honor, which originate in the most basic value of the Chinese culture, and is meant to be acknowledged by the whole society.
学员:作业早睡
英译汉
Melancholy is a species of sadness that arises when we are open to the fact that life is inherently difficult and that suffering and disappointment are core parts of universal experience. It’s not a disorder that needs to be cured.
当我们意识到艰难是生活的本质，磨难和失望是整个世界的核心，我们会感到忧郁。这是悲伤的一种形式，而不是需要治疗的疾病。
Modern society tends to emphasize buoyancy and cheerfulness. But we have to admit that reality is for the most part about grief and loss. The good life is not one immune to sadness, but one in which suffering contributes to our development.
现代社会习惯于强调开朗和乐观的重要性。但我们必须承认，现实在大多数情况下是由忧伤和失落构成的。好的人生并不是脱离悲伤，而是在苦难中成长。
Sometimes you feel sad and you can’t quite put your finger on why. It’s not one acute sorrow that’s eating you. You feel in a way the whole of life calls for tears. Melancholy is a key mental state and a valuable one, because it links pain with beauty and wisdom. Our suffering isn’t merely chaotic – a mark of failure, an error – it can be linked to admirable things. Often, sadness simply makes a lot of sense.
有时你会莫名感到难过，找不到原因。你感觉到的并不是正在被强烈的悲伤吞噬，而是一种令生活处处都引人垂泪的情绪[n1] 。忧郁是一种重要而珍贵的精神状态，它在痛苦和美丽、智慧之间架起一座桥梁。我们的苦难并不仅仅是一团乱麻——一个失败的标记，一个错误——它有时可以与令人向往的事物相连。悲伤经常是有深刻意义的。
We feel melancholy when we consider: The things we love are transient. Yesterday will never come back. Every day you take a step nearer to death. The people who cared for us when we were young are getting older. We’ll be following their path to decline soon enough.
每当想到人生挚爱都将转瞬即逝，我们会感到忧郁。昨天将永远成为过去。每一天我们都离死亡更近一步。年少时疼爱我们的人正逐渐老去。我们很快就会像他们一样日渐衰老。
…
This should not make us desperate, but rather more forgiving, kinder and better able to focus on what really matters, while there is still time.
但我们不能因此绝望，而是要在有限的生命中更加宽容，善良，关注真正重要的事。
学员：松鼠
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