双语译文 | 美国将对进口金属征税，或将对部分国家豁免

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）将提高进口钢材与铝材的征税，声称欲借此重振本国钢铁与铝工业。中国、欧盟等对此均作出了反应。

原文链接：http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43325060

US President Donald Trump has said steel products will face a 25% tariff, with 10% on aluminium goods. He is expected to sign the plan on Thursday.The exemptions - on national security grounds - included Canada, Mexico, spokeswoman Sarah Sanders said.

Reports, however, suggested the apparent softening of the US stance would last for only 30 days.

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）表示，美国将对进口钢铁产品和铝制产品分别征收25%和10%的关税。预计该计划将于周四签署。出于国家安全考虑，美国将加拿大和墨西哥列为豁免国家，白宫发言人莎拉·桑德斯如是说。但根据报道，美国方面的豁免申请期限仅为30天。

Meanwhile, China threatened an "appropriate and necessary response" in any trade war with the US. Foreign Minister Wang Yi said China and the US should strive to be partners rather than rivals. The EU has proposed retaliatory measures against a number of US goods including bourbon and peanut butter.

与此同时，中国方面威胁称，对于美国方面的任何贸易战，中国将“适度采取必要措施作为回应”。中国外交部长王毅表示，中美双方应当努力成为合作伙伴而非竞争对手。欧盟提议采取报复性措施，对大量美国产品征收关税，包括波旁威士忌和花生酱。

Despite opposition at home and abroad, Ms Sanders said the US president would sign the measures in by the end of the week.

But she added: "There are potential carve-outs for Mexico and Canada based on national security, and possibly other countries as well based on that process. That would be [on] a case-by-case and country by country basis."

尽管遭到国内外反对，发言人桑德斯表示，总统将在本周内签署关税计划。但她补充说：“出于国家安全考虑，墨西哥和加拿大或将得到豁免，其他国家可能也可走同样的程序申请豁免。视不同国家不同情况而定。”

President Trump has previously suggested that planned tariffs for Canada and Mexico could be abandoned if a "new and fair" North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) is signed.White House trade policy adviser Peter Navarro said on Wednesday that the tariffs would start in 15 to 30 days' time and there would be "a clause that does not impose these tariffs immediately on Canada and Mexico". Both countries knew the president was not "messing around in this", he added.

特朗普总统此前曾表示，如果能够签订一个“全新且公平的”《北美自由贸易协定》，那么加拿大和墨西哥就能得到关税豁免权。白宫贸易政策顾问比德·纳瓦罗周三称，关税计划将在15至30天内生效，并且会有“相关条款表明美国不会立刻对加拿大和墨西哥征收金属进口税”。加、墨两国都知道，特朗普总统这并不是在“闹着玩儿”，纳瓦罗补充说。

Why is Mr Trump doing this?

特朗普此举为何？

Mr Trump has railed against the US trade deficit, arguing that other countries have been "taking advantage of" the US for decades.One of his campaign promises was to rebuild the US steel and aluminium industries which he said has suffered "disgraceful" treatment from other countries, in particular cheap Chinese imports. Last week he dismissed concerns he could trigger a trade war, instead saying "trade wars are good" and were something the US would easily win.

特朗普一向抱怨美国的贸易赤字，认为其他国家几十年来一直在“利用”美国。重建美国的钢铁和铝工业是特朗普的竞选承诺之一，他认为美国的这两大工业因其他国家的恶劣行径而备受煎熬，尤其是受到从中国进口的廉价产品影响。上周，特朗普非但不顾各方对贸易战的担忧，反而称“贸易战是好事”，并说美国能轻松打赢这场贸易战。

What's the reaction been?

各方作何回应？

The US plans have sparked worldwide alarm and jolted stock markets. Critics argue that the tariffs would fail to protect American jobs and would ultimately raise prices for consumers. International Monetary Fund chief Christine Lagarde warned "nobody wins" in a trade war, saying it would harm global economic growth.

特朗普的关税计划在全球范围内激起轩然大波，股票市场震荡。批评者认为关税非但不能为美国人留住就业机会，反倒会让消费者最终为价格上涨埋单。国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德警告称，贸易战中“没有赢家”，而且它会阻碍全球经济增长。

The EU has set out tit-for-tat plans to impose import duties on bourbon, peanut butter, cranberries, orange juice, steel, and industrial products. Other countries are also considering retaliatory steps.Members of Mr Trump's Republican party are concerned too, with House Speaker Paul Ryan saying he wanted to see tariffs that were "more surgical and more targeted".

欧盟方面制定了报复性计划，对波旁威士忌、花生酱、蔓越橘、橙汁、钢铁以及工业产品征税。其他国家也在考虑采取报复性措施。特朗普所在的共和党党员也为此感到担忧，美国众议院院长保罗•瑞恩表示，他希望关税政策能更精确、目标更明确。

Tuesday saw the departure of top White House economic advisor Gary Cohn, who is a strong supporter of free trade.

本周二，身为自由贸易坚定支持者的白宫经济顾问加里•科恩决定辞职。

初译：张赢月

审校：何源

定稿：韩建松

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