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武汉疫情背后,科学总是干不过"伪科学"!

不能不知道A  ID:bnbzda

一定是由基本物理学、化学知识能支撑的科学依据!


作者:米大宝 来源:米宅财经(mizhaicaijing)

武汉疫情昨天开始刷屏,目前已经在中国、日本、韩国、泰国、澳大利亚均发现感染人员。


在朋友圈看到了太多血馒头的流量文章,一篇接一篇的伪科学,作为一个多年的物理学、自然科学控,实在看不下去,遂发此文。


凡事一旦发生,我要做的,肯定不会只听朋友圈怎么说,也不会听群里怎么说,也不会听任何不知源头和来源的话术。


我会听科学家怎么说,更重要的是,我要自己研究并寻找真相。


一定是遵循科学的依据!


一定是由基本物理学、化学知识能支撑的科学依据!


1

回顾SARS

1、2002年11月26日,第一例SARS发生在广东佛山。

2、到2003年1月份,在广东先后出现11个病例。

3、2003年2月底,广州一名医生去香港入住京华酒店,与一名美国人、三名加拿大人、两名新加坡人住同一层,据此,SARS传到了越南、加拿大、新加坡这三个国家(美国人后来去了越南)。

4、2003年3月,香港大学和美国疾控中心,从病人样品中分离了SARS病毒样本。

5、2003年3月15日,世卫发出警告,“不要去中国旅行!”。

6、4月16日,世界卫生组织在日内瓦宣布,经过现代版科赫法则检验,已经确认了萨斯的致病原:那是冠状病毒的一个变种。

6、一直到2003年5月21日,最后一例SARS病人出院,在整个疫情周期中,中国感染5328人,死亡349人。全球感染8273人,死亡775人。

7、前后,持续半年时间。

2

什么是病毒?

1、感染病是因为病原体引起,病原体分病毒和病菌两种,这是两种不同的东西。

2、细菌的大小是微米级的,可以普通显微镜下看到,是完整的细胞结构,可在体外生存,如结核、伤寒、鼠疫都是由细菌引起,治疗方案使用抗生素治疗。

3、病毒的大小是纳米级,更小,需要在更高级的电子显微镜下才可看到,主要是核酸和蛋白组成,是一个生物大分子(类似于酶、核酸、蛋白质、糖类都是生物大分子),无细胞结构,如艾滋、流感、乙肝都是由病毒引起,治疗方案只能用特定的抗病毒药物。

4、其治疗原理都是打断、抑制细菌或病毒的复制。

5、病毒存在地球都已经很久的时间,多达数亿年之久,他们有一个自然宿主,与宿主共生于体内,相安无事。

6、人类的基因组已经完全破解,其中就包括数千种病毒的基因组,这些病毒基因就存在于人体内,人类是这些病毒的自然宿主,相安无事。

7、但这些病毒一旦离开自然宿主,在另一个生物体内附着并开始复制,就有可能破坏另一个生物免疫的平衡,形成扩散和疾病 。

8、而在人类历史上,对人类造成毁灭性伤害的传染病,大都是发生于病毒从自然宿主转移到人类。如天花、肺结核来自于牛。


9、还有,诸多寄生虫病来自于猪;鼠疫细菌来自于鼠科。

3

SARS病毒从何而来

1、SARS事件之后,科学家并未停歇,而是一直在寻找SARS病毒的来源,这一找,就是14年!

2、最终,中国武汉病毒研究所的科学家们在2017年发表文章,在云南一偏远洞穴内发现带有引起疫情的SARS病毒的全部基因组件的中华菊头蝠种群。

3、一次偶然的机会,中华菊头蝠把SARS病毒传给了果子狸,果子狸被运到了广东的野味市场中,在这个市场,传染给了某个人,从此开始了SARS疫情。

4、相信科学,这都是可以通过解剖、病理分析、DNA破译而确认的事情,没有阴谋论,这个论证,也得到了国外科学家同行的认证和认可。

5、冠状病毒之前有5种变种,SARS病毒是新的一种,此次武汉新的疫情变种病毒,是第7种。

6、为何病毒会不一样?人类在不断进化,病毒也是一样的,人类的进化就是基因的不断进化的结果,病毒也是基因的载体,病毒也在进化(也可理解为突变、变异、变态、不正常、神经病),此时,免疫系统很可能察觉不到。



4

来说武汉肺炎疫情

1、已经确定,这是SARS病毒家的一个亲戚,一个变种,但不完全一样。

2、抵抗病毒,需要特定的抗病毒药品(基因层面的药品),这类药通常都需要研发数年、临床数年。

3、所以,目前的武汉疫情没有特效药,没有什么可以药到病除,目前所有的抗病毒药都没有什么大用。

4、抗生素更是没有什么用,因为这是两个完全不一样的机理,如同往汽油车里加柴油一样,看着是燃料,但机制完全不同,没用。

5、治疗办法只有一条:控制症状、靠自身免疫恢复(类似于有坏人找警察,警察来处理,其它手段都是控制坏人不再做恶)同时,其它辅助治疗方法就是降低不适、治疗显性症状。

6、如果不理解,去体会感冒的治疗就是了,感冒也是病毒引起的,但至今从来就没有一个抗感冒病毒的药品,所有的治疗感冒的药品都是在缓解症状和不适,如缓解鼻塞、缓解头痛、缓解发烧、缓解咽喉痛,最终,以时间换空间,还是要靠自身免疫系统来干掉感冒病毒,你会自认为是吃的药干掉了病毒,其实不是的。

7、所以,感冒这事,懂行的医生都知道:吃药5天好,不吃药7天好。吃不吃都会好,药并不能治感冒。

8、理解此次的肺炎疫情,从理解感冒开始。

5

科学,永远干不过伪科学!

1、喝板蓝根能治SARS或此次的病毒,夸大的伪科学。

2、喝双黄连抗病毒口服液能治武汉肺炎,夸大的伪科学。

3、放烟花爆竹形成的二氧化硫能杀灭病毒,纯属伪科学(医院干脆放烟花算了)。

4、吸烟在肺表面形成一层啥玩意,能抵抗疫情,纯属伪科学(学常识想想就知道不靠谱)。

5、在家烧白醋,能抵抗疫情,纯属伪科学(浓度太低、没有效果)。


6、吃抗生素、吃VC,能抵抗疫情,也是伪科学(VC这个属于夸大效果、以点说面)。

7、人们为什么喜欢相信并追逐伪科学?是因为常识说了太多次,常识不够刺激不够新鲜。

8、健康的常识就是12个字:适度运动、充足睡眠、控制饮食。

9、除此常识之外的大多数保健品、大师课、胡吃乱补,都是伪科学。


10、请转发给你的亲戚和朋友,拥抱科学,远离伪科学!

6

建议

网传基本靠谱:1,目前针对冠状病毒,或者其他亚属病毒,没有确切有效药物治疗,包括奥司他韦(达菲)这类药对冠状病毒是无效的;2,本次疫情感染患者病程及演变很像2003,病情进展来自于自身免疫对肺组织的攻击,目前没有特定触发因素,治疗上就是尽早使用激素抑制免疫避免进一步肺组织损害,但这样同时压制了免疫应答使得免疫系统难以完成病毒感染病程中关键的自身抗体形成,治疗主要是支持对症和适度的压制免疫(针对肺部有病损患者);3,很大比例患者没有严重症状,导致鉴别诊断困难,成为行走的传染源;
4,病毒呼吸道定殖能力似乎比前期认识的要强,且潜伏期较长,这也是传播高危因素;5,发烧时传染性最强,需要高度警惕。

1、避开武汉疫情的常识就是:少接触、勤消毒、强身体。

2、传播媒介是飞沫(喷嚏)和身体接触(共餐或KISS等)。

3、避开人多的地方,尽量避开和人接触的机会。

4、不要去武汉,不要接触从武汉回来的人。

5、家里备洗手消毒液,出门戴口罩。

6、准备个指夹式血氧饱和度仪在身边,一旦出现血氧饱和度持续下降,尽快去医院就诊,以免贻误治疗。

7、一旦发烧,不要轻视,提早治疗最重要。

8、永远不要放弃健康的生活自律(前面的12字方针),提高你的免疫力,这才是抵抗一切的根本。

9、早期发现的病例都有在武汉市华南海鲜市场出现的历史,不出意外 ,此次的武汉肺炎疫情病毒,也是从动物身体而来。如不出意外,极有可能还是从蝙蝠到某个动物,再从野味市场传到人类。

10、远离野味!远离接触野生动物!请政府取缔一切野味交易市场!



11、不要太惊慌,2003年中国的医疗条件并没现在好,一样可以在控制住,重大风险和灾难面前,体制优势凸显,不出三个月,疫情会全面控制,肯定不会失控,问题是,你不要不幸成为那个个案!


50. All you can do is to try your best. Even with those small steps, you're closer to your goal than you were yesterday. 我们能做的只是拼尽全力,即使迈出的步子再小,也比昨天要更接近自己的目标。51. A smile is the shortest distance between two people. 微笑是人与人之间最短的距离。52. Do or do not. There is no try. 要么做,要么滚!没有试试看这一说。53. Courage is being afraid but going on anyhow. 勇气就是虽感恐惧,但仍会前行。54. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 人可以被毁灭,但不可以被打败。55. A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery while on a detour. 真正快乐的人是那种在走弯路时也不忘享受风景的人。56. No dream is too big, and no dreamer is too small. 梦想再大也不嫌大,追梦的人再小也不嫌小。57. It doesn't matter how many times you fail. What matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 失败多少次不重要,重要的是你能重新站起来多少次,并且继续前行。58. Silence is the most powerful cry. 沉默是最有力的呐喊。《美丽人生》 59. A little consideration, a little thought for others makes all the difference. 一点点体贴,一点点为他人着想,会让一切都不一样。60. Stop waiting for things to happen.Go out and make them happen. 别指望事情会自然发生,行动起来,让它们变成可能!61. Don't look forward to tomorrow, don't miss yesterday, to grasp today. 不憧憬明天,不留念昨天,只把握今天。62. Now we don't call it alive. It's just not to die. 我们现在不叫活着,这只是没有死去。《疯狂原始人》 63. You can change your life if you want to. Sometimes you have to be hard on yourself, but you can change it completely. 有志者事竟成。有时虽劳其筋骨,但命运可以彻底改变。《唐顿庄园》 64. Time will bring a surprise, if you believe. 时间会带来惊喜,如果你相信的话。《浮生物语》 65. What others think is not important . How you feel about yourself is all that matters. 别人怎么想并不重要,你怎么看自己才是关键。66. Don't cry because it is over,smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣,微笑吧,因为你曾经拥有。67. Tomorrow is never clear. Our time is here. 明天是未知的,我们还是享受此刻吧!《摇滚夏令营》 68. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. 生活要么大胆尝试,要么什么都不是。69. Pursue excellence and success will follow. 追求卓越,成功自然来。《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 70. Climb mountains not so the world can see you, but so you can see the world. 爬上山顶并不是为了让全世界看到你,而是让你看到整个世界。71. Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己,永远都不迟。(乔治·艾略特) 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了!95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下?《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排,只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧,人们记住衣服;穿着无瑕,人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事,也许是人间至善,而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同,越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢,勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程,要活的有自己的样子,而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错,或者进步得有多慢,你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情,赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说:无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍,我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功,不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住:当人生很苦逼的时候,你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见,生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路,往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己,你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中,重要的不是你去哪里,而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹,你不知道另一端通向哪里,但你会知道,它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候,希望却在耳边轻轻地说:“再试一次吧”!117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑,我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功,但放弃一定失败!119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有,没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程,我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候,你得先跌下去,才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好,你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己,并永远不要为此而后悔!125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付,坚持就是胜利!126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点,还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想,即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力,便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变,你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事,就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制,也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展,因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白,就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代,就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情,也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避,奔跑吧,你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战,唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控,我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么,在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你,要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易,你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候,就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春,你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注,因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住,事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好,便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受,就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是,他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流,要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡,让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情,这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会,给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人,而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言,任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界,你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣,不代表脆弱,只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源:小兵说天下

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