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2016-05-31 瓦力 爱浪客

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有毛、有趣、有品!

CLP与FFP黑话(术语)不黑,大招必备(记得回复 黑话 调阅最新更新,也请你留言完善)。先来重点


snp = stay、night、point!缩写snp。这是CLP的核心:级别暨待遇、积分暨返利!级别靠的是stay(住一次不论几晚)、或night(住一晚);积分就是合资格的stay或night带来的积分。


clp = Customer Loyalty Programs,客户忠诚计划。目前主要发展到会员俱乐部和计划联盟。


ffp = frequent flyer program,常旅客飞行计划,各航空公司常旅客奖励计划(请注意酒店没有FFP,百度百科的错误解释看来误导了很多人),本质就是CLP。这也是国航、东航会员网站以ffp打头的原因。对于FFP来说,就是航段和里程(定级里程、奖励里程、消费里程等)。


bug = 八阿哥 = 价格/积分/里程等出错了

BOGO = Buy One Get One Free,买一送一

BRG = Best Rate Guarantee = 最优价格保证(回复 brg)

Match = 匹配,用其他集团高级会籍去该集团匹配一个高级会籍。


V = Visa = 维萨卡组织

M = Master = 万事达卡组织

AE = AMEX = American Express = 美国运通组织

UP = UnionPay = 中国银联卡组织

JCB = 日本jcb卡组织


4大高端卡 = Visa无限卡Visa Infinite、万事达世界卡World MasterCard、AE百夫长黑卡Centurion Card、银联钻石卡Diamond Card


ST = SkyTeam 天合联盟

SA = *A = Star Alliance 星空联盟

OW = 寰宇一家 = oneworld Alliance 

白菜航空 = 菜航 = CZ = 中国南航

擦航 = CA = 幺鸡航空 = 中国国航

胡 = 忽悠 = HU = 中国海航

木头、木航 = MU = 中国东航

广播 = 调频 = FM = 上海航空


Stopover = 停留 = 超过24小时叫停留。几天,一周,一个月都可以。

Connection = 经停/转机 = 24小时以内衔接航班算转机,利用24小时出机场一日游。

Open Jaw = 开口程 = 从A点到B点,再从C点返回A点,或从B点返回到C点。双开口,如上海飞巴黎,米兰飞北京。 

MPM = Maximum Permitted miles = 最大飞行里程 = 从A点到B点,无论怎么飞,怎么转机,都不可超过这个距离。 

Ticket number = 票号 = 兑换奖励票,拿到票号才算真正确认座位。比如999=国航,一般是一组13位号码。

Ticket validation period = 机票有效期 = 一般是从出票日期起一年,注意是出票日,不是第一段飞行日。过期则机票作废。

PNR = Passenger Name Record 机票定位码 5~6为字母和数字  


香鸡 = 香记 = 香格里拉酒店

星木 = Starwood = 喜达屋酒店集团

牙膏 = 雅高酒店集团

RC = Ritz Carlton,丽思卡尔顿

CI/CO = Check in/Check out(酒店)入住/结账离店

HH = Happy Hour =欢乐时光,某些酒店集团的精英会员行政待遇,类似小型自助晚餐

C+P = Cash+Points,现金加积分入住酒店


呆萌 = Diamond = 钻卡、钻卡会员 

白狗 = Platinum = PL/PLT/Plat = 白金卡、白金会员

狗 = Gold = GLD = 金卡、金卡会员

RP = 人品,人品好

RP爆发 = 人品爆发

LD = 老大、老豆、领导、激光视盘,根据上下文联系

JP = 极品,非常过分

DX = 大虾 = 大神 = 大侠,论坛见多识广、能回答或解决疑难问题的坛友

天神 = 位于大神之上,只有那么几十位


人肉 = 高级会员亲自和你一起办理CI/CO

乞丐房 = 酒店最低级别的房间


帝都=北京

魔都=上海,大魔都/南京,小魔都

妖都=广州

渔都=深圳


兰州 = LZ = 楼主

麻袋 = 马尔代夫


智慧星球 = Smart Planet,IBM/18m 公司愿景

哥 = GE = 通用电气


FT = FlyerTalk.com 美国常客网站

飞茶 = 飞客茶馆网

数字网 = 3798网

迈生活 = troy最新里程创业项目

常客APP = Young总最新创业项目

雷达哥 = 雷大哥 = 技术牛人 = 旅行雷达公众号

爱浪客 = 爱浪公众号(ailangke)

ctrip = 携程 = 良心


捡肥皂 = 拼刺刀 = 别弯腰

椅子 = 专指上海浦东四季酒店的那一把椅子

3P = 你懂的

4P = Four Points = 福朋喜来登,别想歪


深造一下(来自网络有修改):


A

A = Ambassador = 洲际酒店集团洲际大使计划会员,自动升级优悦会金卡(回复 ihg)

AA = 美国航空或美国航空常旅客计划 American Airlines or AAdvantage 

AC = 美国航空休息室 Admirals Club  lounges (也可为飞机aircraft 或 a/c)

ADT = 成人旅客 Adult Passenger

AF = Air France = 法航

AG = 美国航空金卡 AAdvantage (也可作 GLD)

ATC = 空中管制 Air Traffic Control

ATO = 机场出票、机场购票

AVML = 亚洲素食餐 Asian Vegetarian Meal

AVOD = 点播式娱乐系统,Audio Video On Demand 


B

BC = 商务舱 Business Class

BIS = 实际飞行所得的里程 "Butt In Seat" miles 

booking / fare class 票价舱位,升舱和积分里程要关心

BP = 登机牌 Boarding Pass

BT = 批量票 Bulk Ticket

bulkhead = 屏风位置,舱位之间的“墙” "wall" separating fuselage sections


C

CC = Cabin Crew 空乘人员

CCC = Customer Contact Center = 客户服务中心(一般指喜达屋)

CEM = Company Executive Management (升级排在一般P卡前面)

CP = Crown Plaza = 皇冠假日酒店

CY = CourtYard = 万怡,万豪旗下一个酒店品牌

C = 商务舱奖励票或升舱票 award or SWU upgrade to Business Class (有航空公司直接用商务舱舱位)

C01 – C17 = 儿童乘客+年龄

CASM/CPM = 每里程花费 Cost per Available Seat Mile / Cost per Mile

Circle Pacific (CIR)= 寰宇一家环太平洋套票 

CONUS = 美国相连的49个州

COS = Class of Service 实际飞机舱

CSA/CSR = 客服人员 Customer Service Agent/Representative

CX = 取消 cancellation  (或 Cathay Pacific Airways 国泰航空)


D

direct flight = 非直飞航班,是一个航班号,可能要换飞机或经停

DBML = 糖尿病特殊餐 Diabetic Meal 

DONE = 寰宇一家商务舱套票 oneworld explorer ticket in Business

DL = Delta = 达美航空

DT = DoubleTree = 希尔顿逸林酒店


E

EP = 美国航空白金会员 AAdvantage Executive Platinum 也做EXP 

EQM =  升级里程 Elite Qualifying Mile 

EQP = 升级点数 Elite Qualifying Point

EQS = 升级航段 Elite Qualifying Segment

ETA = 预计到达 Estimated Time of Arrival

ETD = 预计起飞 Estimated Time of Departure

eUPG = 电子升舱 Electronic Upgrade

eVIP = SWU


F

F = FC 头等舱 First Class cabin 

FA = 空姐、空哥、空嫂、空妈 Flight Attendant

FAM = 乘警 Federal Air Marshall

FF = 飞行员

FFS = 飞机上买的食物 Food for Sale program in American Airlines domestic Coach

FL = 旗舰休息室 Flagship

FO = 副驾驶 First Officer (“copilot”)

FOP = 支付方式 Form Of Payment

forward = 飞机前部 front of aircraft

FQTR = 常旅客兑换 Frequent Traveler Redemption

FQTV = 常旅客计划 Frequent Traveler


G

GA = 登机口的地勤 Gate Agent

gate lice = 这个~ passengers with low boarding priority who crowd the gate area before being called

GDS = Global Distribution System 订座系统的一种

GFML = 非麸质餐 Gluten-Free Meal

GMT = 格林尼治时间 Greenwich Mean Time,


H

heavy = 大飞机 (767, 777, 747, A330, A340, A380)

HUD = 头顶式显示屏 Head-Up Display

HH = Hilton HHonors 希尔顿荣誉会计划

HI = Holiday Inn 假日酒店

HIX = Holidy Inn Expess 智选假日(原快捷假日)


I

IAS = 飞行速度 节 Indicated Air Speed (knots)

IFE = 机上娱乐系统 In Flight Entertainment

IFSD - In Flight Shut Down 

IROPS/ IRROPS / OSO = 非正常运作:晚点、取消等。 通常因为天气、机组、机械等原因


J

J = 商务舱 

JCB = 成人协议价格 (Adult) Contract Bulk passenger

JPML = 日本餐 Japanese Meal  

IC = Intercontinental 洲际酒店

JW = 万豪旗下酒店品牌


K

kiosk = 自助登机设备 Self-Service Check-in Machine

knot / kt / kn = 节, 一海里每小时(≈1.15 mph)

KSML = 犹太餐 Kosher Meal 

KUP = 低舱位票升级


L

LFBU = check-in时候卖的升舱

LIFO = 后上先下 Last In, First Out

LONE = 寰宇一家经济舱套票 oneworld explorer ticket in Coach


M

MCLA = 墨西哥、加勒比海、拉丁美洲 Mexico, Caribbean and Latin America

midcon = 半洲飞行 如ORD-JFK 或 DFW-LAX

MIL = 军人 Military Passenger

MOML = 回民餐 Moslem Meal 

PM = 最大里程 Maximum Permitted Mileage

MRTC = More Room Throughout Coach (obsolete)

MTOW = Maximum Take Off Weight (aircraft)

MX = mechanical delay (also Mexicana Airlines)

MR = Marriot Rewards = 万豪礼赏计划 

MR =(or) mileage run,里程(航段)飞,自费最低成本线路飞行


N

NGBC = 新型商务舱、平躺的那种

non-stop flight = 直飞两点的航班

NRSA / non-rev = 非收入票 (航空公司职员等)Non-Revenue Space Available flyer


O

O&D = 起点和终点 Origin and Destination 

OH, OHB = 头顶行李箱 OverHead Bin

OLCI = 网上值机 On Line Check-In

Op Up = 运营需要升舱 Operational Upgrade

OSO = 非计划航班 Off-Schedule Operations 

OWE = 寰宇一家套票 oneworld Explorer (RTW) fare 

OZ = Asiana Airlines韩亚航空 


P

PAWOB = 无托运行李旅客 Passenger Without Bags 

PDB = 起飞前的饮料 Pre-Departure Beverage, often alcoholic

PED = 个人娱乐设备 Personal Entertainment Device

PF = 机长飞行 Pilot Flying

PIC = 机长控制飞机 Pilot In Command

PNF = 机长不飞行 Pilot Not Flying

port = 飞机左边 (面朝飞机机头)

PQ = 报价

PYOB = 打印你的登机牌 Print Your Own Boarding Pass

PA = Platinum Ambassador = 洲际酒店白金大使会员

PB = Point Break,洲际酒店集团优悦会积分兑换5000分打折大促,正常情况是10000或15000最低


R

R = 商务舱升舱 EXP upgrade to Business Class

RASM = 每里程每座收入 Revenue per Available Seat Mile

RDM = 可兑换历程数 Redeemable Miles 

RJ = 区域航空 Regional Jet (也可是Royal Jordanian Airlines)

Roger = 知道

roll = 飞机转弯了

RON = 留夜 Remain Over Night

RPM = 每乘客收入 Revenue Passenger Mile

RT = 往返 Round Trip

RTW = 环游世界 Round The World

Ruby = 寰宇一家 银卡 

RA = Royal Ambassador = 洲际酒店皇家大使会员,自动升级为优悦会白金卡

REN = Renaissance = 万丽,万豪旗下酒店品牌


S

Sapphire = 寰宇一家 金卡

SIC = Second In Command (也作 Seat In Coach)

SPML = 特殊餐 Special Meal 

SRC = 老人乘客 Senior Citizen Passenger

SSSS - 二次特殊安检 Selected for Secondary Security Screening 

STD = 时刻表起飞时间 Scheduled Time of Departure

STPC = Stopover Paid By Carrier

starboard = 飞机右侧 (面朝机头)

SUD = 747 上层 Boeing 747 Stretched Upper Deck

SWU = 电子升舱票


T

TA = 机票代理 Ticket Agent Travel Agent

TAS = 实际空中速度 True Air Speed 

TATL = 跨大西洋航班 Transatlantic 

TPAC / Transpac = 跨太平洋航班 Transpacific

TTL = Ticketing Time Limit

transcon = 美国东西海岸飞的航班 flight crossing U.S. coast-to-coast


U

UM or UMNR = 无成人陪伴儿童 Unaccompanied Minor 

US = 无法收到、暂停服务 Unserviceable / out of service

UTC = UTC时区 Universal Coordinated Time 


V

VGML = 素食餐 Vegetarian Non Dairy Meal 


W

Wi-Fi lice = 偷无线信号

WL = 等待 Wait List


X

X = 经济舱免票

X = 头等舱升舱票 EXP upgrade to First Class


Y

Y = 经济舱或全价经济舱票 Economy / coach cabin

YMMV = 里程可变 Your Mileage May Vary


继续深造酒店术语(来自网络无修改):


ADR

Average Daily Rate.The average realised price per room sold in a hotel or channel.Total rooms revenue divided by total rooms sold

日均房价:在酒店或其他渠道的平均销售房价。总房间销售额除以销售房间数


Affiliates

Independent internet sites who provide a click-through link to group owned website and receive a commission when a booking is made

联盟网页:独立的网站提供集团网页的链接,从而由此得到的预定


ANZSP

Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific

澳大利亚,新西兰和南太平洋


APRM

Asia-Pacific Risk Management

亚太地区风险管理


ARI

Average Rate Index

Calculated by dividing the hotel’s average room rate by the average of the competitor set market rate

平均房价指数:酒店平均房价除以市场同期竞争者平均房价


BAT 

Forecast

Business Alignment Team Forecast

商业联盟预测


BCE

Branded Consumer Experience

品牌宾客体验


BFR

Best Flex Rate

最 49 31465 49 15600 0 0 2794 0 0:00:11 0:00:05 0:00:06 3002优上门散客价


BTA

Business Travel Agent - the same as TMC – Travel Management Company

商务旅游旅行社


C&I

Conference and Incentive会议和奖励

The two sales segments relating to conference and incentive group travel


CAM

Capital Asset Management

资本资产管理


CAP

Compliance Assurance Process.

担保依法纳税措施


CAPEX

Capital Expenditure

资本支出


CCA

Capital construction authorization

基本建设批准


CMH

Company Managed Hotel.Includes hotels that are owned and operated hotels, and those operated under management agreement

酒店管理公司:包括自行经营酒店方和酒店管理方


Competitive 

Set GM defined local hotels (usually four or five) with which a particular hotel competes

竞争对手


Confirmation

The percentage of offered calls in a CRO that actually turn into bookings.

确认预定百分比


COO

Chief Operating Officer

首席营运官


COS/COGS

Cost of Sales or Cost of Goods Sold

销售成本


CPC

Customer Profit Contribution.The revenue supplied by a customer in a yield contribution model, minus the cost undertaken to service, complete the sale and the displaced revenues (‘Displacement’is a measure of demand that was declined as a result of accepting this business.)

客户利润贡献

在收入贡献模型中,来自客户的收入减去所发生的服务成本,就得到销售与(业务)替代分流的总利润.其中所谓的替代分流是指由于使用本业务而减少的对其业务的需求


CRM

Cluster Revenue Manager.A Revenue Manager with responsibilities for more than one hotel

区域收益管理经理:其职责超过1家酒店


CRO

Central Reservations Office

中央订房办公室


CROCCE

Cash Return on Cash Capital Employed

使用资本额的现金收益


CRS

Central Reservation System.Holidex Plus being rolled out globally replacing Holidex and Global II

中央预定系统


CSA

Control Self-Assessment (online internal control questionnaire)

内部控制自我评估


CSS

Central Shared Services

中央共享服务


CTP

Contribution to Profit

The hotel’s contribution to group Profit – (Total of management and incentive fees)

收益贡献:酒店提交给集团的收益(包含管理费和提成)


ECS

Electronic Commission Services.The group that manages our outsourcing partner and internal systems which make sure travel agent commissions are paid by our hotels (the TACP programme)

在线佣金服务系统


EEO

Equal Employment Opportunities

均等就业机会


EMEA

Europe, Middle East and Africa

欧洲、中东和非洲


EMERO

The EMEA Central Reservations Office (call centre) located in Amsterdam.

位于阿姆斯特丹的欧洲、中东、非洲中央预定办公室


EOWA

Equal Opportunity Woman Agency (Australia Only)

妇女均等就业机会机构(仅在澳大利亚)


ERT

Emergency Response Team

紧急反应小组


ES

Employee Survey

员工满意度调查


FAM

Finance and Asset Management (1 of 8 business units). Responsible for corporate management reporting, external financial reporting, Tax, Treasury, IR capital and project appraisals

财务及资产管理:对企业管理报告负责,外部财务报告,税收,财政,风险资本和项目评估


FIS

Franchise Information System

加盟信息体系


Flow-through

The percentage of change in revenue that flows through to profit against last year or budget. GOP is usually used as the profit measure. Also known as dro through

收入变化率计入去年或预算利润.通常用营业总收入测算利润.也称为直接测算


FLS

Fire Life Safety

消防救生索及配件系列


FPMM

Fire protection maintenance management

消防防护维修管理


Franchisee

An operator who uses a brand under licence from the brand owner

特许经营人


Franchisor

The brand owner who licences brands for use by other operators

授予特许者


GBS

Global Brand Services (1 of 8 business units).Responsible for the delivery of brand services such as reservations offices globally, and the definition of those brand standards that apply globally

全球品牌服务


GDS

Global Distribution System

全球分销系统


GFI

Ground Fault Interrupter

断电器


GOP

Gross Operating Profit before fixed costs and overheads, i.e. before management fees, rent/lease expense, tax, insurance, interest, depreciation, amortisation, gain/loss on sale of property

毛营业利润: 扣除各项固定费用如管理费,租借费,税收,保险,利息,折旧费,分摊费,损益


GOPPAR

Gross operating Profit per available room.(revenue after variable costs)

每间房间的毛营业利润


GRR

Gross Rooms Revenue

房间毛利润


GSA

General Sales Agent

总经纪人


GSS

Guest Satisfaction Index (the key measure within GSTS)

宾客满意度指数


GSS

Global Sales Support

全球销售支持


GSTS

Guest Satisfaction Tracking System

宾客满意度追踪系统


HACCP

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Path (Food Safety)

危害分析临界控制途径


HIRO

Hotel Inventory Reservation Optimiser.The revenue maximisation or yield management system whereby information about guest demand for a particular hotel is compiled and analysed on a hotel by hotel basis and is then used to suggest “Hurdle” values based on this analysis.It is a highly automated system which assists individual hotels in their management of rates based on patterns and statistical insights derived from the hotel's operating history

酒店空房预订优化系统(方案)

酒店收入最大化或称酒店生产管理系统,它收集(酒店的)客户需求(信),并对酒店进行逐个分析,基于这样的分析,系统(可为酒店)提供临界(障碍)值.这是一个高度自动化的管理系统,可以根据酒店类型和酒店历史数据的统计信息帮助各个酒店进行费用(入住率)管理


HMA

Hotel management agreement.The agreement under which the owner of a hotel contracts out the operation of the asset. Sometimes called an OMA

酒店管理协议


HMG

Hotel Management Group

酒店管理团队


IBP

Integrated Business Plan

Forms integral part of budget process and used to track actual sales compared to budget and forecast.Also contains rolling forecast for next 12 months

整合的企业管理流程计划:预算组成部分,采用实际销售与预算比较及预测跟踪反馈系统,同时也包含对未来12月的滚动预测


IBT

Individual Business Travellers

个体商务旅行者


IDS

Internet Distribution Systems (e.g. Hotwire, Priceline, Orbitz, Travelweb, Travelocity, Expedia)

互联网分销体系


IGU

Income Generating Unit.Used in financial accounting to aggregate hotels into homogeneous groupings

收益产出单元:用于财务生成酒店同品牌体系计算


IRR

Initial rate on return

回报初始率


KNR

Key Negotiated Rate

关键协议费率


KPO

Key Performance Objectives

主要绩效标准


LIRG

Lowest Internet Rate Guarantee

最低网站预定保证


LNR

Local Negotiated Rate

当地协议汇率


LOI

Letter of Intent

意向书


LTI

Lost time injuries

浪费机会的损害


LTO

Labour Turn Over

劳动力流动


MACRO

Market Area Central Reservations Office

The system by which all reservations for properties in a given market are forwarded to a dedicated, specially trained team based in one of our central reservations offices.A fee is levied on the hotel based on the volume of calls handled

市场区域中央预定办公室


MMR

Manager’s Monthly Report

经理月度报告


MPI

Market Penetration Index

Calculated by dividing the hotel’s actual market share by fair market share

市场渗透指数,酒店实际市场份额除以平均市场占有率


MTD

Manager, Talent Development

管理层与人才发展


MTM

Manager, Talent Management

管理层与人才管理


Net 

RevCo

Net revenue per call offered.A key efficiency measure for the CRO which measures the amount of money generated per call through to the CRO

每个所打电话的净收益


NOP

Net operating profit

净营业利润


OHS 

Occupational Health & Safety

职业保障


OSH

Occupational Safety & Health

职业安全


OSI

Overall Satisfaction Index

总体满意度指数


P2P

Pay 2 Produce

货到付款


PAF

Personnel Action Form

个人行动表格


PDP

Performance Development Plan

个人发展计划


PDR

Performance Development Review

个人发展回顾


PFP

Pay for Performance.The collective name for all revenue generation programmes not covered by a franchisee's reservations or marketing assessments. These include VCRO, MACRO and Affiliate marketing

按效果付费(联营模式)


PIP 

Property Improvement Plan.A detailed review of a hotel property assessing what improvements/investments are required for the property to meet brand standards

资产改进计划


PMS

Property Management System

资产管理体系


PP

Priority Privilege

优先特权


PSC

Priority Sales Campaign

优先促销活动


QES

Quality Evaluation System质量评估体系

A tool used to measure the consistency of compliance of our hotels and resorts to product and service standards relevant to hotel brand


RCD

Residual Current device

漏电保护器


RDOS

Regional Director of Sales

区域销售总监


RevPAR

Revenue Per Available Room

Calculated by dividing the hotel’s rooms revenue by the number of rooms available.Rev Par will equal the hotel’s average room rate when occupancy is 100%.

房间总收益除以可用房总数。当入住率100%时,此用来平衡平均房价


RevPASH

Revenue Per Available Seat Per Hour

每位每小时收益


RFP

Request for Proposal

提案申请


RGI

Revenue Generation Index

Calculated by dividing the hotel’s Rev Par by the total Rev Par of your hotel’s direct competitors

每间可售房收入除以竞争对手总可售房收入


RGM

Regional General Manager

区域总经理


RMEC

Regional Major Expenditure Committee

区域支出委员会负责人


ROCE

Return on Capital Employed, calculated as operating profit before exceptional items divided by net operating assets, less revaluation reserve but adding back written off goodwill

已投资资本回报:主营业务收入(扣除额外项目)由净营业资产,极小重估价准备及商誉注销生成


ROI

Return on Investment

投资利润率


RPC

Redeemed Point Cost.The estimated cost to the PCR fund of redeeming one of the outstanding points awarded to PCR members.Based on the estmated % of points that will be redeemed plus the current amount of money paid to hotels or third parties for redemptions

积分回收


RTW

Return to Work

复工


SOP’s

Standard Operating Procedures

标准操作步骤


SpendPAR

Total spend per available room – a better measure of total revenue in the hotel than RevPAR as it incorporates the performance of non-room revenue generating activities as part of the overall picture

空房总支出-比RevPAR更好的衡量酒店总收入的方法,它包含总收入一部分的非房间收益


SRDT

Sales and Revenue Diagnostic Tool

销售收益诊断工具


SSP

Strategic Sales Path

战略销售途径


STI

Short Term Incentive

短期激励


TACP

Travel Agent Commission Programme.The programme that stipulates how much a travel agent is paid by our hotels for taking a booking

旅行社佣金项目:规定了一旦预定生成,旅游社的佣金支付


TPI

Third Party Intermediary – Third party Companies such as “WotIf” and “Need it Now” that sell our room inventory on line

第三方中介人


TQM

Total Quality Management

全面质量管理


VCRO

Virtual Central Reservations Office

A tool for hotels to divert their in-house after office hours reservation calls to the nearest CRO

虚拟中央预定办公室


WH&S

Workplace, Health and Safety

工作场所的卫生安全


OH&S

Occupational, Health and Safety

岗位卫生安全



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