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CATTI备考笔记 | CGTN评论:对中国污名化无助于美国抗疫

当地时间3月16日,美国总统特朗普在推特上将新冠病毒称为“中国病毒”。



希拉里批评特朗普:用种族主义掩盖失职



中国现代国际关系研究院美国研究所助理研究员孙成昊发表了自己对“中国病毒”言论的看法。

今天我们一起来学习吧!


Ignoring a growing chorus of criticism, U.S. President Donald Trump continues to call the COVID-19 the "Chinese Virus" following the practice of the Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and some Congressmen, complicating the U.S. domestic politics and poisoning the atmosphere for China-U.S. cooperation on combating the coronavirus pandemic.


继美国国务卿迈克•蓬佩奥和部分国会议员之后,美国总统唐纳德•特朗普无视日益强烈的批评声,仍将新冠病毒称为“中国病毒”,这使美国国内政治局面变得更加复杂,破坏了中美联合抗“疫”的大环境。


分析

我们来看两个单词


1. chorus

A chorus of sth: the sound of a lot of people expressing approval or disapproval at the same time 齐声,异口同声

A chorus of praise 一片赞扬声

A chorus of complaint 一片抱怨声

A growing chorus of criticism 一片日益强烈的批评声


2. poison

我们都知道这个词做名词时,表示“毒药,毒素”。

当它做动词时,我们来看看对应的英文释义:

poison : to have a bad effect on sth. 毒化,败坏,使恶化


His comment served only to poison the atmosphere still further.

他的评论只有使气氛更加恶化


我们来看原文,“破坏了…的大环境”。

看中文,我们可能会首先想到damage, destroy, undermine, sabotage, vandalize这类的词。

但是原文用的是“poison”,所以下次我们自己在进行汉译英的时候,不妨也考虑poison这个词。


Trump did not use the term "Chinese Virus" until this week. As recently as February, he mentioned cooperation with China on fighting the novel coronavirus in his State of the Union. The changing attitude is underpinned by three considerations.


特朗普直到本周才使用“中国病毒”一词。就在今年二月,他还在国情咨文中提到与中国合作抗击新冠肺炎疫情。他的态度变化背后有三点考虑。


分析

我们一起看看underpin这个词

underpin: to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc. 加强,巩固,构成…基础


The report is underpinned by extensive research.

这份报告以广泛的研究为基础


be underpinned by…. = be based on….


我们看看十九大报告中的几个句子


1. 发展是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键

Development is the underpinning and the key for solving all our country's problems


2. 以上十四条,构成新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略。

The above 14 points form the basic policy that underpins our endeavors to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era


3. 健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架

We will improve the framework of regulation underpinned by monetary policy and macro-prudential policy,


The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has severely threatened the public health, one of the major components of national security, while the market turmoil and a dramatic decline in economic activities have severely undermined the issue of economic security. 


新冠肺炎疫情在美国的蔓延严重威胁公共健康,而这正是国家安全的重要组成部分。此外,市场动荡和经济活动骤减严重破坏了经济安全。


分析

1. turmoil

我们首先一起看看这个词的英文释义:a state of great anxiety and confusion 动乱,骚乱


说到“金融危机”,我们常常会用financial crisis, 其实我们还可以说:financial turmoil


它的意思和upheaval, chaos, riout很像


political turmoil 政治动乱

mental turmoil 精神上的混乱

 

2. dramatic decline 急剧下降,大幅下降

我们一起来回顾有哪些表示“急剧下降,大幅下降”的表达

a. dramatic = precipitous decline

a precipitous decline in exports 出口的急剧下降


b. plummet, plunge, dive, nosedive

The share price dived from 49p to an all-time low of 40p

股价从49便士暴跌到40便士的历史最低位


同时,我们再来回顾一下有哪些词表示“下降”


最容易想到:reduce, decrease, go down,fall, drop

除了这些,还有一些短小精悍的小词,例如shrink, slide, slip, cut

还有一些词组,例如cut down, tail off

表示暴跌还可以用 nosedive (dive), slump, plummet

跌倒谷底可以用:hit the bottom

 

可积累的表达

scapegoat 替罪羊

JP Morgan 摩根大通

A handful of  有一些,有一点点

Tackle economic crisis 应对经济危机


Trump was once extremely confident that the outbreak was under control. 


特朗普曾非常有信心地表示疫情已得到控制。


分析

我们来区分under control 和 in control


A is under control  

A得到控制,处于控制之下(A被控制了)


A is in control (of sth) 

A掌管着.., A控制着(A主动控制)


He ‘s reached retiring age, but he’s still firmly in control.

他虽然已经到达退休年龄,但仍大权在握

 

可积累的表达

平息公众愤怒 pacify the public anger

医疗物资和人员

 medical supplies and personnel

对…造成严峻挑战 

a formidable challenge is posed by…

公众恐慌情绪 the public anger


During a conference call on March 16, Trump asked governors across the country to find ways to cope with the huge demand for supplies like masks and ventilators instead of waiting for the federal government to provide them. It is obvious that the Trump administration is very weak in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and trying to use the racism card against China to distract from his disastrous coronavirus response.


在3月16日的电话会议上,特朗普要求美国各州州长想办法解决口罩和呼吸机等医疗物资的短缺问题,而不是等待联邦政府提供援助。显然,特朗普政府在疫情防控方面能力不足,并试图针对中国打“种族主义”这张牌,从而转移人们的视线,使大家不再关注他糟糕的疫情应对举措。


分析

我们来看看两个词


1. ventilator

Ventilator: a piece of equipment with a pump that helps sb to breathe by sending air in and out of their lungs 通气机,呼吸器


He was put on a ventilator 给他戴上了呼吸器


这个词的动词是ventilate 使通风,使通气

A well-ventilated room 通风良好的房间


The bathroom is ventilated by means of an extractor fan.

这个浴室使用抽风扇通风


2.disastrous

我们看看这个单词的出处:

…trying to use the racism card against China to distract from his disastrous coronavirus response

使大家不再关注他糟糕的疫情应对举措。


我们再来看中文“糟糕的疫情应对举措”。看到“糟糕的”,你会想到什么词呢?

文中用的是diastrous这个词,在这里它的意思就和unsuccessful 是一样的

 

The distinguished American scholar Paul Krugman even argued that the coronavirus outbreak should probably be referred to as the "Trump pandemic" due to the administration's "catastrophically slow and inadequate response."


美国知名学者保罗•克鲁格曼甚至认为,由于美国政府“灾难性的行动迟缓且响应不足”,新冠肺炎疫情可被称为“特朗普大流行病”。


分析

我们仍然关注catastrophically这个词,它和前面谈到的disastrous 是同义词


catastrophically: if you describe sth as catastrophic, you mean that it is very bad or unsuccessful


所以无论是catastrophically还是disastrous,都可以表示unsuccessful的意思。

是不是对这两个词有了新的发现?


我们再来回顾这两句话:


1. …trying to use the racism card against China to distract from his disastrous coronavirus response

使大家不再关注他糟糕的疫情应对举措。


2. as the "Trump pandemic" due to the administration's "catastrophically slow and inadequate response."

由于美国政府“灾难性的行动迟缓且响应不足”

 

可以积累的表达

坚定支持者 hardcore supporter

仇外心里 xenophobia

惯用伎俩 common tactics

总统任期内 during his presidency


Anti-China hawks in the administration like Pompeo have long intended to use the outbreak as part of the strategy to undermine China's global image. With the epidemic clearly affecting the election, Trump has turned to endorse such calculations.

蓬佩奥等美国政府中的反华鹰派一直打算将疫情用作破坏中国全球形象的战略工具。考虑到疫情已经明显影响到他胜选连任,特朗普也转而认可这种思路。


分析

背景拓展:鹰派

鹰派 一个广泛用于政治上的名词,用以形容主张采取强势外交手段或积极军事扩张的人士、团体或势力。


另一解释为以强硬态度或手段维护国家民族利益的个人、团体或势力。鹰派的反义词为"鸽派"

 

接着我们来看看endorse和calculations这两个词


1. endorse

我们先来看看它的英文释义:to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action

公开赞同,支持,认可


I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks 

我真诚地赞同他的话


所以,其实endorse = publicly support


除此之外,endorse在国际贸易中经常表示“背书”


endorse: to write your name on the back of a cheque so that it can be paid into a bank account


那么什么是背书呢?

背书是指持票人为将票据权利转让给他人或者将一定的票据权利授予他人行使,而在票据背面或者粘单上记载有关事项并签章的行为。


简单来说,就是你有一张票据,你想把这张票据转让给其他人,那你在票据背面进行签章。

 

2. calculation

见到这个词,我们首先想到的都是“计算”之类的意思,但其实它还可以表示:

calculation: the process of using your judgement to decide what the results would be of doing sth 估计,预测,推测

forecast有点相似


我们再来会回顾一下这个句子:

With the epidemic clearly affecting the election, Trump has turned to endorse such calculations.

考虑到疫情已经明显影响到他胜选连任,特朗普也转而认可这种思路。


The "Chinese Virus" label will by no means help the U.S. stop the spread of the coronavirus, but will only make the country's domestic politics more fragmented. 

所谓“中国病毒”的标签绝不会帮助美国阻止新冠病毒的传播,反而会使美国国内政治格局更加支离破碎。


分析

我们一起看看这句话

The "Chinese Virus" label will by no means help the U.S. stop the spread of the coronavirus

所谓“中国病毒”的标签绝不会帮助美国阻止新冠病毒的传播


其中“阻止新冠病毒的传播”可以用“stop the spread of the coronavirus”来表达


“阻止、控制新冠肺炎的传播”是一个非常常见的短语,它对应的英文翻译也多种多样。


我们一起来看看几个常见的,方便在汉译英的时候进行同义替换。


a. get a grip on covid-19

b. curb/ contain/suppress the covid-19

c. get a handle on covid-19

d. stop/halt the spread of the virus

e. make the pandemic less intense


同时,the virus,可以用the pandemic, the epidemic, covid-19, the disease, coronavirus替换


这些是最新一期的《经济学人》中《paying to stop the pandemic》一文中所使用的同义替换,我们可以多多积累,应用在自己的语言表达中。


The misnomer will also poison the atmosphere for China-U.S. cooperation.

这种错误的表述也会破坏中美两国的合作氛围。 


分析

我们来看看misnomer这个词

misnomer: a name or a word that is not appropriate or accurate 使用不恰当,用词不当


Herbal “tea” is something of a misnomer because these drinks contain no tea at all.

花草“茶”是个误称,因为这类饮料里根本不含茶

 

可以积累的表达

物资支持 material support

防护物资 protective equipment

防护服 protective suits

拒绝 turn back on



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