两会美女翻译官张璐！23岁考入外交部，11年10上总理记者会！她就是中国第一翻译女神！（附视频&双语稿）
英语演讲视频，第一时间观看
女人的花容月貌会被岁月带走，绚烂的青春也会随着时间流逝，但知识却能让她得到修炼与沉淀。在2020年两会开幕之际，英文演讲君想和大家分享这位两会美女翻译官张璐，让你再次让我们看到了一个中国女人最美的模样。始于颜值，陷入才华，真正美丽的女人，在骨不在皮。
这些年，在两会总理中外记者会上，你总会在总理身边看到一个大方得体、自信从容、反应敏捷的优雅女子。她是总理的御用翻译张璐，更是一个充满睿智、富有内涵的女神。
从2010年3月14日，张璐的首次亮相总理记者会，也是我国首次起用女翻译。 总理记者会近11年来，她10次作为总理记者会议上的首席翻译官，向世界传递中国的声音。她也被网友誉为国民翻译女神。
张璐之所以在两会记者大会上走红，不得不提到她把中国的古诗文精准且流畅的翻译成英文，让来自世界各地的记者感受到东方大国所独有的文化魅力。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=j00235axndh
若有才华藏于心，岁月从不败美人
她沉着干练、才思敏捷
10年9次担任总理见面会翻译
唐诗宋词、楚辞元曲、谚语典故
她都能译成诗一般的英语
腹有诗书气自华
她被誉为“御用翻译”——张璐
她伴随主席、总理出席各大场所
但却永远怀着一颗敬畏的心
她说外交翻译代表的是一个国家
而捷径就是练习练习再练习
01
今年可能又是她，优雅自信，腹有诗书
2010年，33岁的张璐第一次出现在温家宝总理的两会记者会上，而在她之前，专门负责为两会翻译的费胜潮已经非常资深。而对于总理记者会上第一次启用女翻译，引起了不小的关注。其中包含着期待，也有质疑……
人或加讪，心无疵兮。
（译：即使有人诽谤，我也问心无愧）
My conscience stays untainted inspite of rumors and slanders from the outside.
——张璐
▲ 2010年，第一次亮相的张璐
闪光灯下的张璐显得从容而专注，她五官端正、气质清新。干练简单的蘑菇头既不喧宾夺主，又不失亲和，让所有人眼前一亮。
第一次，她就已经走红。
也许在别的工作岗位中，我们可以有投机取巧的机会；但在翻译这条路上，除了精益求精之外，似乎别无选择。
温总理常常在记者会上引经据典。很多人连中文的意思都不懂，但张璐总能在简单地思考后，立刻就能用最精准的单词，表达最精准的意思。
2018年，十三届全国人大一次会议闭幕后，总理照例在人民大会堂金色大厅会见中外记者。是张璐第8次上总理记者会，正如她自己说的，外交翻译代表是一个国家，她用她的实力全面谨慎生动地传递着中国的声音……
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=j00235axndh
翻译并不是一部机器，他们在传递语言的同时，也传递着诉说者的立场和情感。
由于中文和英文的巨大文化背景差异，让翻译变得困难而复杂。但正是这种巧妙、传神、恰如其分的翻译文字，又才能真正体现出一位优秀的翻译者厉害之处！
02
以下是张璐翻译的集锦
1 余心之所向兮，虽九死其犹未悔
（译：这些都是我内心之所珍爱,叫我死九次我也绝不改悔）
For the ideal that I hold dear to my heart,I will not regret a thousand depth to die。
2 骨肉之亲，析而不殊
（译：同胞骨肉的亲情，即使人分开了，骨肉亲情依然不能断绝。）
Brothers, though geographically apart willalways be bound by their blood ties.
3 己正，才能正人
（译：自己行为端正，才能那样要求别人）
Only one is upright him or herself can heor her ask others to be upright.
4 知我罪我，其惟春秋
（译：有人支持，有人反对，然而我已经做了我应该做的，任由天下人去评说吧。）
There are people who will appreciate what I have done but there are also people who will criticize me, ultimately, history will have the final say.
5 守职而不废 处义而不回
（译：恪守本职工作，而不稍加改变或轻易放弃；受到嫌疑，而能居义而不反顾。）
I will not waver and carry out my duties, and will remain true to my conviction.
6 苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。
（译：只要对国家有利，即使牺牲自己生命也心甘情愿，绝不会因为自己可能受到祸害而躲开。）
In line with the conviction that I will do whatever it takes to serve my country even at the cost of my own life, regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.
7 入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔
（译：拜见时要忠诚尽职，离开时要谦冲内敛）
Officials should serve as loyal as they can conscientiously when they are in office and engage in modest self-reflection when their terms end.
8 如将不尽，与古为新
（译：大自然中蕴藏的美景难以穷尽，它们能产生不断的创新）
It is only with reform that we can ensure continuous existence and growth.
9 行百里者半九十
（译：一百里的路程，走到九十里也只能算是才开始一半而已）
That is half of the people who have embarked on a one hundred mile journey may fall by the wayside.
你如果对英语自信
和我们一起做一个简单的翻译测试吧
例句是88岁的老艺术家田华一次激情演讲，《我们正年轻》当中的一小段：
你们年轻，我们也年轻
你们年轻总是写在脸上
我们年轻总是藏在心房
你可能会如何翻译这句话？
You are young, we are also young.
Your youth can be written on your faces;
Our youth can be hidden in our hearts.
英语专业人士会如何翻译？
You are young, so are we.
Youth, can be seen on your faces;
But hidden in our hearts.
而张璐，只会翻译地更加出色
如果你以为，张璐的只有中译英，那你一定是没有见过张璐的英译中……据说下面这位来自泰国的记者朋友，让很多老外都没能听懂她本土特色的英文……但张璐却一字不落地翻译出来了。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=v1314qr0ewm
03
张璐是如何成为张璐的呢？
首先，你要考进外交部。
▲外交部办公大楼
外交部对翻译人才的选拔具有非常严格的指标，大致分为初试和复试、以及淘汰式培训。
初试一般通过公务员考试排名，或是去专业院校进行笔试。
复试时的入部英语水平测试非常难，经过笔试和面试后，在众多的参考学子中仅有排名在最前面的10—15名，才有可能进入到下一阶段。
淘汰式培训这一阶段，学员们每天做大量的听力、口译和笔译练习，以当天新闻和近期热点作为话题，全面考察学员的外语基本功、翻译潜质、领悟力、语言表达习惯、声音状况、承受高强度工作压力的身体和心理素质、组织纪律等等……
而在这一阶段，淘汰率高达96%
张璐这样形容自己的工作生活：每天要很早起床，要听BBC（英国广播公司）、VOA（美国之音）等充实自己。晚上回去要做功课，总结、回顾当天翻译的东西。有时候刚下飞机，时差还没倒过来、就被叫去，一翻译就是好几个小时，回来后全身酸痛，疲惫不堪，感觉像是被人痛打了一顿。
不过，这会很有成就感。尤其是给我敬重的这些领导人翻译，我觉得这是件非常敬重的人，我觉得这是件非常幸福的事。
给领导人当翻译时，要有较高的政治敏感。
领导人发言的时候，你不可能让他停下来，即使是连续10分钟的讲话，也得尽可能全部翻译出来。因此，记笔记反而成为了翻译工作需要练习的重点，每一个优秀的翻译官，都有一个孔武有力的臂膀！
04
她的专业程度，亦远非常人可匹敌
她将周总理说的一句话，时刻挂在心上：外交无小事。
仅仅五个字，分量却极重，她说：“作为一个外交翻译，你代表的是一个国家，你要全面谨慎生动地传递中国的声音，这是一项非常光荣的使命。在敏感和重大场合里，你说出去的话，是非常有分量的。这就决定了，你不能是一个普普通通的翻译员，处理不当，或许会酿成外交事故。”
有台湾记者询问到两岸关系，总理的回答是，“兄弟虽有小忿，不废懿亲。”
这句古词原出自于《左转·僖公二十四年》。两岸关系是非常敏感的，用字用词都要非常谨慎，原句里的“忿”字，普通的翻译者第一反应，也许会是愤怒（anger）争执（argue） ，可是她却在短时间内作出反应，用了更为妥帖中性的“Differences”（分歧，差异）。
一次活动上中方发言人，提到中国有句俗语叫“请神容易送神难”，但当天对方是巴基斯坦，这就还要考虑到对方的宗教因素，这个神究竟该怎么译？是God还是Lama？
她迅速反应过来，结合巴基斯坦当地宗教信仰翻译：It might be easier to invite someone, to live in rather than ask him to leave。
她的神经永远都是紧绷着的，因为她明白，外国人不仅将她的话当做个人声音，更当做中国的声音。
她常说的一句话就是：“世界上有两件事情是最震撼人心的，一件是天上的星空，还有一件就是我们心里高尚的道德标准。”
走红以后，她仍然平平淡淡地生活，有朋友问她什么感受，她只是说了一句：“我只是做了我的工作而已。”
中国外交部历史上著名翻译家过家鼎先生曾说过：
“张璐是外交部最厉害的翻译。”
央视网曾这样评价张璐：
“在工作中，张璐一向举止淡定，神情专注，散发着强大女王气质。工作之外，却拥有着迷人的笑容。她身上那种如兰的优雅气质，正是常驻美丽的秘诀。
在重大的外交场合上，翻译的形象不能喧宾夺主，但张璐大方得体的服饰妆容，优雅的肢体语言，低调却有一种无形的气场。”
韩联社驻京记者车大运曾说，张璐是外国记者眼中的大名人，翻译精湛，长得又美，大家都很佩服她。
“虽然我们外国记者都会中文，但有时候还是要再听一遍翻译作为参考，以免出错。”
崇拜她，始于气质，终于才华。
如今张璐已经42岁了，但她依然是那个集美貌与智慧一身的女神。
在这个世上，女人长得漂亮不算什么，难得的是不仅外在美丽，还不断丰富内在的优秀女人，这才是真正的女神。
从42岁优雅聪慧的张璐，到46岁腹有诗书气自华的董卿，都证明一件事：美丽的女人让人心动神往，而聪明的女人却值得被仰望，样貌会衰老，而智慧却会让岁月闪闪发光！
↓↓↓ 上下滑动，查看双语对话稿 ↓↓↓
十三届全国人大三次会议28日下午在人民大会堂举行记者会，国务院总理李克强应大会发言人张业遂的邀请出席记者会，并回答中外记者提问。
The Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the afternoon of 28 May 2020. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui.
记者会开始时，李克强说，首先感谢媒体朋友们在特殊时期克服了特殊困难，对中国两会进行报道。因为疫情原因，我们用视频连线形式开记者会，我想这个距离不会影响我们之间的沟通。时间有限，请大家提问。
In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang thanked the journalists for covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions at an unusual time and despite unusual circumstances. He noted that although the containment protocols require that the press conference be held via a video link, such distance would not impede their communication. In the interest of time, he went straight to questions.
路透社记者：新冠肺炎疫情对世界各国的经济都造成了严重的影响，不少国家的政府出台了数万亿美元的财政和货币措施，来应对新冠肺炎疫情对经济产生的冲击。今年中国政府工作报告中没有设定GDP增速。根据路透社的测算，政府工作报告中出台的财政措施约占中国2019年国内生产总值的4%，这个规模比一些经济学家的预期要低，今年一季度中国经济首次出现了几十年以来的收缩。未来几个月，中方是否会出台更大规模的刺激措施?从更长远看，中方是否有足够的政策工具来应对全球疫情持续蔓延和不断紧张的中美关系?
Reuters: The new coronavirus outbreak has devastated economies around the world. Trillions of dollars in fiscal and monetary measures have been pushed out to deal with the fallout. In this year’s Government Work Report, China did not set a GDP growth target. But it did announce fiscal measures worth about 4% of China’s GDP in 2019 according to our calculations. That’s slightly less than some economists expected after seeing China’s economy contract for the first time in decades in the first quarter. So my question is: can we expect China to deliver more ambitious stimulus in the months to come? Does China have sufficient policy options to deal with a prolonged global pandemic and rising tensions with the United States?
李克强：这次新冠肺炎疫情给世界经济造成了严重冲击，可以说是史上罕见。最近不少主要国际组织都预测，今年全球经济增长是负3%，甚至更多。中国经济已经深度融入世界经济，不可能置身事外。所以今年我们没有确定GDP增长的量化指标，这也是实事求是的。但是我们确定了保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体等“六保”的目标任务，这和经济增长有直接关系。经济增长不是不重要，我们这样做实际上也是让人民群众对经济增长有更直接的感受，使经济增长有更高的质量。发展是解决中国一切问题的关键和基础。如果统算一下，实现了“六保”，特别是前“三保”，我们就会实现今年中国经济正增长，而且要力争有一定的幅度，推动中国经济稳定前行。
Premier Li: The novel coronavirus disease has taken a heavy toll on the global economy in a way rarely seen before. Major international institutions have projected a negative 3 percent global growth or worse this year. As China’s economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy, it is simply impossible for the Chinese economy to stay immune to such impacts. This year we decided not to set a specific growth target. This is a decision informed by the realities on the ground. In the meantime, we have formulated a series of goals and tasks in six key areas which are closely connected with economic development, with a particular focus on protecting employment, people’s basic living needs, and market entities.
Not setting a specific GDP growth target does not mean that economic development is not important. Our decision is designed for economic growth to deliver more real gains to our people and promote higher quality development in China. We believe that development still holds the key and is the foundation for resolving all the problems in China today. Putting protections in place in six key areas, especially in the areas of jobs, livelihoods and businesses, will help us achieve positive and solid growth this year to the extent possible, and maintain steady economic development.
你刚才说到有反映我们出台的政策规模低于预期，但是我也听到很多方面反映，认为我们出台的规模性政策还是有力度的。应对这场冲击，我们既要把握力度，还要把握时机。在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延的时候，我们也出台了一些政策，但是当时复工复产还在推进中，复业复市受阻，一些政策不可能完全落地，很多人都待在家里。在这个过程中，我们也积累了经验。正是根据前期的经验和对当前形势的判断，我们在政府工作报告中推出的规模性政策举措，应该说是有力度的。
In your questions, you said our measures are seen by some as below expectations. What I heard from many quarters is that our measures are forceful. For any response to work, we must get both the timing and intensity right. When COVID-19 was still raging, some policies were introduced. But with the economy barely reopened, the situation then made it difficult for these polices to get truly delivered on the ground, as most of the people still had to stay indoors. This has been a process of gaining experience. Based on the experience in the past weeks and months and our assessment of the current situation, we have decided on new policy steps of a sizable scale as set out in the Government Work Report, and we believe these measures are forceful.
过去我们说不搞“大水漫灌”，现在还是这样，但是特殊时期要有特殊政策，我们叫作“放水养鱼”。没有足够的水，鱼是活不了的。但是如果泛滥了，就会形成泡沫，就会有人从中套利，鱼也养不成，还会有人浑水摸鱼。所以我们采取的措施要有针对性，也就是说要摸准脉、下准药。钱从哪里来、用到哪里去，都要走新路。
We have repeatedly said that we will not flood China’s economy with liquidity. We didn’t do it in the past; we will not do it now. But the current unusual time requires extraordinary measures. Just as water is important to fish farming, sufficient liquidity is important to economic development. But too much water will induce froth in the fishpond, whereby some people may attempt to muddy the waters and fish for arbitrage. We must ensure that measures taken are well-focused, the prescription is precise and the medicines for getting out of the hardship effective. New approaches must be employed as to where the money comes from and how it is spent.
这次规模性政策筹措的资金分两大块：一块是新增财政赤字和发行抗疫特别国债，共两万亿元。还有另外更大的一块，就是减免社保费，有的国家叫工薪税，并动用失业保险结存，推动国有商业银行让利、自然垄断性企业降价以降低企业的经营成本。这一块加起来大概是前一块的两倍。我们是要将这些资金用于保就业、保民生和保市场主体，支撑居民的收入。这些资金和我们现在全部居民收入40多万亿元的总盘子相比，比例达两位数。
The financing raised through policies of a sizable scale can be grouped into mainly two categories. The first covers the increase of fiscal deficits and issuance of government bonds for COVID-19 control. Together it amounts to 2 trillion RMB yuan. The other category, which is roughly twice as big, covers payment relief for enterprises of their contributions to social security schemes, also known as payroll tax in some other countries, and taps into the balance of the unemployment insurance fund, interest concessions made by state-owned commercial banks, and price reductions in natural monopoly industries to lower enterprises’ operating costs. This money will be primarily used to support jobs, people’s basic living needs and businesses, and sustain household income. It accounts for a double-digit share in the more than 40 trillion RMB yuan of total household income in China.
更重要的是钱往哪里去?我们这次为企业纾困和激发市场活力的规模性政策，主要是用来稳就业、保民生，使居民有消费能力，这有利于促消费、拉动市场，可以说是一条市场化改革的路子。
What’s more important is how the money is spent. Our measures of a sizable scale are designed to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market. With a particular focus on supporting jobs and people’s livelihoods, our people will have money to spend and consumption will drive market vitality. This is in keeping with market-oriented reform.
钱是可以生钱的，用之于民的钱可以创造新的财富，涵养税源，使财政可持续。我们一定要稳住当前的经济，稳定前行，但也要避免起重脚，扬起尘土迷了后人的路。如果经济方面或其他方面再出现大的变化，我们还留有政策空间，不管是财政、金融、社保都有政策储备，可以及时出台新的政策，而且不会犹豫。保持中国经济稳定运行至关重要。
Money well-spent can create new money. Money invested in the people will generate new wealth, help us protect and preserve the tax base and make public finance more sustainable. We will do our utmost to keep China’s economic growth stable and make steady progress. In other words, we will not kick up dirt and leave a trail of dust that will block the sight of those who follow. We have also reserved policy space on the fiscal, financial, social security and other fronts. And we are in a strong position to quickly introduce new measures without any hesitation should the evolving situation calls for it. It is essential that we keep China’s economic growth on a steady course.
我们坚信，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，经过全国人民的共同努力，一定会战胜当前的困难，实现全年目标任务，全面建成小康社会。中国经济保持稳定、稳住基本盘，本身就是对世界的贡献，会为世界经济恢复增长、实现发展作出积极贡献。
I am confident that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with joint efforts of people across the nation, we will be able to prevail over the current difficulties, fulfill our tasks and goals for the whole year, and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Keeping China’s economic growth and fundamentals stable will be a contribution to the whole world. And China will remain a positive force driving global economic recovery and growth.
彭博社记者：新冠肺炎疫情仍然是未解之谜，科学家认为找到该问题的答案有助于预防未来大流行病的发生。有人呼吁就源头问题开展国际审议。中方对调查持何立场?您认为这样的调查应该达到什么目的?应该避免什么问题?
Bloomberg News: The origins of COVID-19 are still a mystery. Scientists think if we can find out where it came from, we could prevent future pandemics. There have been calls for an international independent inquiry into the origins. What is China’s stance on how such an inquiry should be carried out? What should such an inquiry do and what should it not do?
李克强：中国和许多国家都主张对病毒进行溯源。前不久召开的世卫大会通过了有关决议，中国也参与了。因为科学溯源可以更好地防控疫情，也是为了世界各国人民的生命健康。
Premier Li: China and many countries believe that it is important to get a clear idea about the sources of the coronavirus. At the recently held World Health Assembly, a resolution was adopted, and China is one of the co-sponsors of this resolution. We believe that getting clear about the sources of the virus on the basis of science will help us better carry out containment of COVID-19, and also contribute to protecting life and health of people around the world.
这次疫情突如其来，对人类来说是个全新的传染病，到现在可以说还是未知大于已知。病毒是没有国界的，它是全世界、全人类的敌人。各国都在进行防控，在探索中前进，目前还没有完整的经验。我们要控制住疫情的发展，加快疫苗、有效药物、检测试剂研发突破，这将是人类战胜这个病毒的强有力武器。中国和许多国家都在进行投入，我们也愿意开展国际合作。这些产品是全球公共产品，我们愿意共享，最终让人类能够共同战胜病毒这个敌人。
The novel coronavirus disease has caught all countries by surprise. It is a completely new disease to humankind. So far, I’m afraid there is still more to the virus that we do not yet know. Viruses respect no borders, and they are the common enemy of the whole world and entire humanity. Nowadays, all countries are still working hard to contain the spread of the virus, and we are gaining experience along the way. We must work together to keep the virus in check. Research efforts need to be intensified for breakthroughs in vaccines, effective medicines and testing reagents, as they will be powerful weapons to help us succeed in checking the virus. China and many other countries are making investments into R&D of these products, and we are open to international cooperation. The deliverables of the R&D will be global public goods that we are ready to share with others. They will help the entire humankind in defeating the virus.
中国人民经过艰苦卓绝努力，现在有效控制了疫情，同时积极参与国际合作，公开透明负责任地及时向国际社会通报有关信息。但现在疫情还在全球流行，在中国也未结束，还有散发病例，不少科学家都强调，还是要保持警惕，防止反弹。我们将继续坚持实事求是、公开透明的原则，一旦发现疫情，坚决予以管控，不允许有任何隐瞒，而且要进行科学防治。
With painstaking efforts, the Chinese people have successfully brought the spread of the virus under control. And China has taken an active part in international cooperation against the virus. We have all along acted with openness, transparency and a sense of responsibility. We have shared information in a timely way with the rest of the international community. The virus is still spreading around the world. And in China it has not come to a complete end yet; there are still sporadic cases. Scientists have cautioned us to stay on high alert to prevent a resurgence of infections. We must continue to adopt a factual, science-based, open and transparent approach in dealing with COVID-19. Any infection, once detected, must be promptly handled, and no cover-up will ever be allowed.
现在很多人都说疫情可能短期不会结束，还会延续一段时间。实际上国际社会已经面临双重挑战、要做两张答卷：一方面要控制住疫情;一方面要恢复经济社会发展，恢复正常秩序。这两者是有矛盾的，如果只是做一个方面的事就不一样了。我们现在需要在矛盾中平衡、探索中前行，尤其需要国际合作。无论是抗击疫情，还是发展经济，都需要我们同舟共济，使人类能够越过这场巨浪的冲击。
Many people say that COVID-19 will not come to a stop any time soon and we may have to live with it for quite some time to come. All countries now are confronted with dual challenges. It’s like doing double exams. We have to contain the spread of the virus, and at the same time do our best to get life and work back to normal. I’m afraid there is a certain level of trade-off between these two goals. Things would be quite different if we had only one task. So we will have to do our utmost to strike a delicate balance and continue to explore our way forward. In this process, international cooperation is vitally important. Whether it’s fighting the virus or growing the economy, we must come together in a sense of partnership to eventually fight back the onslaught of the epidemic.
中央广播电视总台央视记者：您在政府工作报告中阐述了今年中国经济政策。政府会采取哪些措施保证这些资金真正地惠及企业、避免空转，能让普通老百姓切切实实地感受到?
CCTV: In the Government Work Report, this year’s economic polices have been spelled out. What will the government do to ensure that all these funds will be truly delivered to benefit companies, instead of just circulating within the financial sector, and bring real gains to the general public?
李克强：这是一次前所未有的冲击，我们不可能轻车走熟路，只能是大车行难路。所以我们在政策上要注重创新。我刚才讲了，我们推出的规模性政策叫作纾困和激发市场活力，注重的是稳就业、保民生，主要不是依赖上基建项目。因为现在中国经济结构发生很大变化，消费在经济增长中起主要拉动作用，而且中小微企业在吸纳就业中占90%以上。我们这次所采取的规模性政策，用了70%左右的资金直接或比较直接地去支撑居民收入，这样做可以促进消费、带动市场。而且因为疫情，我们面临一个很大的难题，就是疫情防控措施会抑制消费。我们按这样的方向推动政策实施，也是市场化的改革。
Premier Li: In coping with the current round of unprecedented shocks, we don’t have ready experience to draw from. It’s not something we can manage with ease, and we will have to blaze a trail with hard efforts. We must be creative in crafting and delivering our policies. As I said just now, our policies, which are of a sizable scale, are designed to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market, with particular focus on stabilizing employment and ensuring people’s livelihood. They are not focused on large infrastructure projects. This is because big changes have taken place in China’s economic structure, where consumption is now the primary engine driving growth, and micro, small and medium-sized companies now provide over 90 percent of all jobs in China. So under the sizable-scale policies introduced this time, some 70 percent of the funds will be used to support the increase in people’s income through direct or relatively direct means in order to spur consumption and energize the market. One big challenge we have confronted in coping with COVID-19 is that containment efforts have had a dampening effect on consumption. Hence, measures in this direction are also part of our market-oriented reform.
其次，我们强调政策资金要直达基层、直达企业、直达民生。新增的赤字和抗疫特别国债资金全部转给地方，省里也只是“过路财神”，要直达基层。可能有人会问，那基层就能把这笔钱用好吗?我们要采取一个特殊的转移支付机制，这些钱要全部落到企业特别是中小微企业，落到社保、低保、失业、养老和特困人员身上。要建立实名制，这些都是有账可查的，决不允许做假账，也决不允许偷梁换柱。我们会瞪大眼睛盯着，也欢迎社会监督。我们采取措施的最终效果要让市场主体和人民群众认可。中央政府这次带头过紧日子，我们把中央部门的非急需非刚性支出压缩了一半以上，调出资金用于基层、企业和民生。各级政府都要过紧日子，决不允许搞形式主义，干那些大手大脚花钱的事。
Second, the funds made available will all be used to support primary-level governments and businesses, and ensure people’s livelihood. The increase of budget deficits and funds raised from the issuance of government bonds for COVID-19 control will all be channeled to primary-level governments. Even provincial governments will be just passers-by to these funds. Some people may ask whether primary-level governments can ensure all the funds will be put to best use. In this respect, a special transfer payment mechanism will be established to see that companies, especially smaller firms, will truly benefit from these funds, and people who live on social security schemes, subsistence allowance, unemployment benefits, old-age support and those living in difficulties will be able to benefit. Real-name records will be established, and no cooking of books or embezzlement will ever be allowed. We will keep our eyes wide open and welcome public supervision. Eventually, the delivery of these measures will have to be recognized by businesses and our people.
The Central Government will lead by example in living on a tight budget. We will cut over 50 percent of outlays on non-essential, non-obligatory expenditures at the central government level, and the money saved will be mainly used to support primary-level governments, enterprises and people’s basic living needs. Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and reject pointless formalities and spending splurges.
刚才我比较多地讲了扩大消费，但并不是说不要投资，我们还要扩大有效投资。这次新增地方政府专项债券1.6万亿元，再加上一些国债，有2万亿元的规模，这在规模性政策当中占到百分之二三十。我们投资的重点是“两新一重”，就是新型基础设施、新型城镇化和涉及国计民生的重大项目，而且要用改革的办法，用这些资金来撬动社会资金的投入。项目要有效益、有回报，要经过科学论证、按规律办事、不留后遗症。
Just now, I talked more about boosting consumption. That doesn’t mean investment is not important. We will also expand effective investment. There will be an increase of 1.6 trillion RMB yuan of special local government bonds this year, and some treasury bonds as well, with the total amount topping 2 trillion RMB yuan. They account for between 20 and 30 percent of the funds made available under the sizable-scale policies we introduced this year. The focus of the funds will be on new infrastructures and new-type urbanization and key projects for national development. We will rely on reforms in undertaking these programs and mobilize private sector investment. And the projects supported must generate good returns, and be well-calibrated and delivered according to economic laws to avoid undesirable results.
中国时报记者：今年两会因为疫情延到5月举行，这个时间点刚好跟“5·20”非常接近。在民进党继续执政的情况下，未来大陆对台政策的总体考量是什么?未来将如何继续推进两岸关系发展?
China Times: Because of COVID-19, the Two Sessions this year have been postponed to May, which is quite close to the date of 20 May. As the DPP continues to govern in Taiwan, what is the overall consideration of the mainland concerning its policy toward Taiwan? And what will the mainland do to promote relations across the Taiwan Strait?
李克强：我在政府工作报告中已经说了，我们对台的大政方针是一贯的，也是世人共知的。要坚持一个中国原则、坚持“九二共识”、坚决反对“台独”。在这个政治基础上，我们愿同台湾各党派、团体和人士就两岸关系和民族未来对话协商，推动两岸和平发展，我们愿以最大诚意，尽最大努力促进祖国和平统一。台湾问题是中国的内政，我们从来都反对外来干涉。中华民族有智慧、有能力解决好自己的事。
Premier Li: As I said in the Government Work Report, our principles and policies toward Taiwan have been consistent and well-known to the international community. We will stay committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus. We will continue to firmly oppose “Taiwan independence”. Based on this political foundation, we are ready to have dialogue and consultation with any party, group or personage in Taiwan regarding cross-Strait relations and the future of the Chinese nation, and promote peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations. We will continue to show maximum sincerity and do our very utmost to promote peaceful reunification of China. The Taiwan question is China’s internal affair. And we have all along opposed external interference. The Chinese nation has the wisdom and the ability to handle its own affairs.
我们视台湾同胞为手足，血浓于水，始终高度重视台湾同胞的福祉。就像这次疫情发生后，大家共同努力，没有台湾同胞在大陆因感染新冠肺炎失去生命。面对疫情，我们祈福两岸同胞都平安健康。
We view our fellow compatriots in Taiwan as brothers and sisters. Blood is thicker than water. We will continue to pay high attention to their well-being. Thanks to our joint efforts, there has been no loss of life to COVID-19 among Taiwan compatriots working and living on the mainland. In the face of the epidemic, we wish people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait safety and good health.
中国日报记者：今年您在政府工作报告中调低了城镇新增就业目标，调高了城镇调查失业率。面对严峻的就业形势，政府将如何遏制失业潮?如何帮助大学生和农民工找到工作?
China Daily: In this year’s Government Work Report, the target of new urban jobs has been revised downward, and the target of surveyed urban unemployment rate upward, compared with the levels last year. In the face of the severe employment situation, what will the government do to avert massive job losses and help college graduates and rural migrant workers find jobs?
李克强：今年我们确定城镇新增就业900万人以上，的确比去年低，实现这个目标要有一定的经济增长作支撑。我们把城镇调查失业率定为6%左右，今年4月份城镇调查失业率已经是6%了，我们这样做也是实事求是。
Premier Li: We have set this year’s target of new urban jobs at over 9 million, somewhat below last year’s level. To attain this goal, we need to maintain a certain level of economic growth. The urban surveyed unemployment rate target is set at around 6 percent. In fact, in April, that figure already hit 6 percent, so such a target was set on the basis of the situation on the ground.
就业是最大的民生，对于一个家庭来说是天大的事情。这几天我看中国政府网上的留言，大概三分之一都是谈就业的。其中有一位农民工说他50多岁了，在外打工30多年，每年如此，但今年还没有找到工作，全家都陷入困境。还有一些个体工商户，已经歇业几个月了。一些外贸企业现在没有订单，影响员工就业。对他们的困难，我们要给予救助，但是从根本上说，还是要帮助他们就业。中国有9亿劳动力，没有就业，就只是9亿张吃饭的口;有了就业，就是9亿双可以创造巨大财富的手。
Employment matters the most in people’s lives. It is something of paramount importance for all families. Of all the comments posted by netizens on the Chinese government portal website, some one third are about jobs. One of them was posted by a rural migrant worker in his 50s. He said that over the past 30 plus years, he had been working in cities every year. But so far this year he has been unable to find a job and the whole family is now in difficulty. Many self-employed individuals have seen their businesses grinding to a halt for several months. And some export companies have also been in great difficulty for lack of orders. This is affecting the jobs of their employees. We must provide support to all these people. But most importantly, we must help them land jobs. There is a labor force of 900 million in China. If they are out of work, there will be 900 million mouths to feed; if they are all put to work, 900 million pairs of hands will be able to generate tremendous wealth.
为了稳住现有就业岗位，可以说政策是能用尽用，投入的钱也是最多的。我们规模性政策的资金，允许基层用于减税降费，而且允许用于为企业减房租、贴利息。采取这样的措施就是要把企业稳下来，岗位保得住，而且要公平合理。我们还要采取资助企业以训稳岗的政策，今明两年将有3500万人次通过失业保险结存资金来进行岗位培训，给他们缓冲的机会。即便失业了，也要努力让他们短时期内有再就业的机会。
In order to retain existing jobs, all our pro-job measures will be fully employed with the largest input of funds. Such sizable policy funds can be used by primary-level governments to implement tax and fee cuts, and subsidize rents or interest payment in support of companies. So all these measures are designed to keep companies in business and secure the jobs of their employees and they will be implemented in a fair and reasonable way. We will also finance skills training initiatives by businesses to stabilize employment. This year and the next, we will tap into the balance of the unemployment insurance fund to provide some 35 million vocational skills training opportunities. This will cushion the impact of unemployment, and we will help people who lose their jobs get reemployed as soon as possible.
同时还要创造更多新的就业岗位。现在新业态蓬勃发展，大概有1亿人就业。我们的零工经济也有2亿人就业。不仅要采取更多扶持政策，而且要打破那些不合理的条条框框，让更多新就业岗位成长起来。去年我们平均每天净增企业超过1万户，今年也要按这个目标去努力。
We also need to do our best to create new jobs. Nowadays, some 100 million people are employed in new forms of business and industry, and some 200 million people are working in the gig economy. The government must continue to provide support and at the same time lift all unwarranted restrictions that prevent the development of those industries and sectors. We also need to create a favorable environment for the increase of new job opportunities. Last year, more than 10,000 new businesses were created on an average day, and we will continue to work hard to see that the figure stays at this level this year.
人民群众有无穷创造力。回想改革开放之初，大批知青返城，就一个“大碗茶”解决了多少人的就业!两周前，我看到报道，西部有个城市，按照当地的规范，设置了3.6万个流动商贩的摊位，结果一夜之间有10万人就业。中国人民是勤劳的，中国的市场也在不断开拓和升级。当然，对重点人群就业，我们有重点扶持政策。今年大学毕业生创新高，达到874万人，要让他们成为“不断线的风筝”，今明两年都要持续提供就业服务。对农民工，不论是在常住地还是返乡，都要给他们提供就业服务平台。对退役军人，要切实把安置政策落实好。
We can certainly rely on the innovation and initiative of the Chinese people in this respect. One may recall when young people returned to the cities from the countryside in large numbers in the early days of reform and opening-up, the opening of roadside tea stands helped to put many of them to work. About two weeks ago, I saw in the news that a city in China’s western region, in keeping with local rules and regulations, set up 36,000 mobile stalls, adding some 100,000 new jobs overnight.
Our people are hardworking, and the Chinese market keeps expanding and upgrading. In this process, the government must focus on providing support to key groups in their employment. The number of new college graduates will reach a record high of 8.74 million this year. We must provide employment services to these people, both this year and next, so that they will not be left to their own devices. And for rural migrant workers, no matter whether they are still working in a city or have returned to their hometown, we will put in place employment service platforms to support them in landing jobs. We must also fully implement all the support measures for demobilized military personnel as well.
凤凰卫视记者：这次全国人大会议作出了关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定，全国人大常委会将就此制定专门的法律。这是否表明中央调整了对香港的政策，是否放弃了“一国两制”?对于当下各方的反应您如何看待?
Phoenix TV: At this year’s NPC Session, a decision was adopted on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong SAR. The Standing Committee of the NPC will also set in motion a legislative process in this respect. Does this mean that the Central Government has adjusted its policy toward Hong Kong and abandoned “one country, two systems”? How do you respond to the various comments in this respect?
李克强：“一国两制”是国家的基本国策，中央政府始终强调要全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治方针，严格按照宪法和基本法办事，支持特区政府和行政长官依法施政，这是一贯的。你提到全国人大刚通过的有关维护国家安全的决定，是为了确保“一国两制”行稳致远，维护香港长期繁荣稳定。
Premier Li: “One country, two systems” is China’s basic state policy. The Central Government has all along fully and faithfully implemented the “one country, two systems” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy, acted in strict accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law, and supported the Hong Kong SAR government and the Chief Executive in exercising administration according to law. The decision adopted at the NPC Session to safeguard national security is designed for the steady implementation of “one country, two systems” and for Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.
美国全国广播公司记者：美国继续将新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行归咎中国，出现了更多关于中美之间“新冷战”的说法。与此同时，美中双方官员还在讨论如何为落实两国之间第一阶段经贸协议创造有利条件，推动中美关系稳定发展。考虑到中国自身经济遇到的困难，您是否认为中国的经济改革和让步足以解决美方关切呢?如果合作努力失败，中国经济能否抵御“新冷战”和“脱钩”的威胁?
NBC News: The United States continues to blame China for the global pandemic. There’s more and more talk of a cold war between the US and China. At the same time, Chinese and American officials talk of creating favorable conditions for the phase one trade deal that could help stabilize the relationship. Are you still confident that more economic reforms and concessions of China can adequately address America’s concerns, given that China’s economy has been weakened? Or if the efforts for cooperation fail, can China’s economy withstand the threat of a “cold war” and “decoupling”?
李克强：当前中美关系的确出现一些新问题、新挑战。中美关系很重要，两国都是联合国安理会常任理事国，在应对传统和非传统挑战方面都有很多可以、而且应当合作的地方，在经贸、科技、人文方面也有广泛的交流，两国之间存在着广泛的共同利益。中美两国合则两利、斗则俱伤，不仅关系两国人民的利益，而且关系到世界，所以一些问题发生后引起世界的担忧。至于你说到“新冷战”，我们从来都主张摒弃“冷战”思维。所谓“脱钩”，可以说两个主要经济体“脱钩”，对谁都没有好处，也会伤害世界。我们应该按照两国元首达成的重要共识，推动建立以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系。
Premier Li: It is true that at the moment, China-US relations have encountered some new problems and challenges. This is a very important bilateral relationship. Both countries are permanent members of the UN Security Council. There are many areas where the two countries can and should work with each other in tackling both traditional and non-traditional challenges. There are also extensive exchanges between the two countries in the economic, trade, scientific, technological, cultural and other fields. So it is fair to say that there is extensive common interest between China and the United States. Both countries stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. Getting Sino-US relationship right is in the interest of people of both countries and the whole world. Given the importance of this relationship, the problems that occurred in this relationship have been a cause for concern for the international community. As for a cold war, you know that we have all along rejected the “cold war” mentality. And “decoupling” between major economies will do neither side any good. It is also harmful to the world. I believe we should continue to work together to follow through on the important consensus reached between our two presidents and work jointly to foster a Sino-US relationship based on coordination, cooperation and stability.
中美两国经济你中有我、我中有你，一路走来很不容易，双方都从中获益。这使我想起，就在几天前，一家美国高科技公司宣布在中国武汉的投资项目开工。我不是做商业广告，但是我对他们的行为是赞赏的，所以发了贺信。这个例子表明，中美商贸界是互有需要的，是可以实现合作共赢的。
The economies of our two countries have become closely interconnected. Our economic and trade ties have come a long way, and both sides have benefited tremendously. Just a few days ago, an American high-tech firm announced the launch of an investment project in Wuhan. I shouldn’t do any commercial promotion for any company, but I highly appreciate this move and sent my message of congratulations to mark the occasion. I believe this example shows that the business communities of our two countries need each other, and our business cooperation can be of mutual benefit.
中美之间的商贸合作应该遵循商业规则，由市场来选择，由企业家判断、拍板，政府起搭平台的作用。中美两国，一个是世界上最大的发展中国家，一个是世界上最大的发达国家，有不同的社会制度、文化传统、历史背景，存在矛盾、分歧不可避免，问题在于怎样对待。中美关系几十年来风风雨雨，一方面合作前行，一方面磕磕绊绊，的确很复杂，这需要用智慧去扩大共同利益，管控分歧和矛盾。总之，要相互尊重，平等互利，尊重对方的核心利益和重大关切，寻求合作共赢。这于己、于人、于世界都有利。
I believe the economic cooperation and trade between our two countries should follow commercial principles. We should leave the decisions to the market and to the business leaders. The job of the government is to establish platforms for the business communities of the two countries. China and the United States are the world’s largest developing and developed countries respectively. Given the differences in our social systems, cultural heritage and historical backgrounds, some disagreements and even frictions may be unavoidable. What’s important is how we manage them. The relationship has been moving forward amid twists and turns in the past several decades, featuring both growing cooperation and some bumps along the way. Indeed, this is a complex relationship. We must use our wisdom to expand common interests and manage differences and disagreements. In a word, I believe that the two countries should develop a relationship on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, and embrace cooperation. That will be conducive to the interests of both countries and the world.
新华社记者：讲到今年的经济工作，我们听到频率最高的词就是“稳”和“保”。请问总理，这和市场化改革之间是什么关系?政府在这方面的重点是什么?
Xinhua News Agency: When we talk about the economic work agenda for the Chinese government this year, the words we have heard most frequently are stability and protections. What are their relations with market-oriented reforms? What will be the priorities of reform this year?
李克强：中国改革开放40多年的经验表明，越是困难越要坚持改革。我们宏观政策提出的“稳”和“保”，是通过市场主体去支撑的，而且是奔着市场主体的困难和关切去做的，这本身就是市场化改革的做法。
Premier Li: Our experience in the past 40-plus years of reform and opening-up shows that the greater difficulty we face, the more important it is for us to keep to reform. In our macro policies, we outlined sets of priority areas where stability is key and where protections are needed. Our measures are designed to help those vast numbers of market entities and are built around addressing their difficulties and concerns. This in itself is consistent with our market-oriented reform.
我们首先是要让市场主体活下来。政策的真金白银主要是为市场主体纾困，激发市场活力。真金白银要确保落到企业和个体工商户身上。这次政府工作报告说，要留得青山，赢得未来。我们现在有1.2亿市场主体，他们就是青山，留住他们，就会赢得未来。
First and foremost, we must help all our businesses survive. Our solid measures must serve to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market. Hence, all these measures must deliver real gains to companies and support self-employed individuals. As I said in the Government Work Report, we must do our utmost to help the 120 million market entities in China sustain themselves, and that will help us assure success for the future.
不仅要让市场主体活下去，更重要的是通过“放管服”改革把他们激活起来。要打造市场化、法治化、国际化的营商环境，打掉那些不合理的条条框框，让他们公平竞争。这种措施看似无形，但能创造出有形的财富，干好了，不亚于真金白银的投入。
At the same time, we must work hard to help our businesses thrive by pressing ahead with reform of government functions. We will continue to foster a market-oriented and world-class business environment governed by a sound legal framework. The government must lift all unnecessary restrictions on market entities to facilitate fair competition. Such policies and measures, intangible as they are, will create tangible wealth in our businesses just like real investments.
再有，就是要让新的市场主体更多地长出来。大家都知道，这次应对疫情中，像网购、快递、云办公等等一些新业态是逆势增长，有的营业收入增长了三分之二，而且现在新业态还层出不穷。这和我们这些年来深化供给侧结构性改革，推动高质量发展，培育壮大新动能，开展大众创业、万众创新都有关。我们应该把这些经验推广开，促使新动能、新的市场主体更多地成长。今年我们要努力做到平均每日新注册企业2万户左右，这是观察中国经济活力的一个重要指标。
Furthermore, we must work hard to help more new market entities emerge. We have seen a trend-bucking surge of growth in new forms of business and industry during the COVID-19 response, including online shopping, express delivery services, and teleworking. Some new forms of business have even seen their revenues increase by two thirds. I believe such developments are very much attributable to our initiatives and reforms in recent years, including the supply-side structural reform, our efforts to promote high-quality development and foster new drivers of growth, and our initiative of encouraging business start-ups and innovation. We must use the experience gained in this process to the fullest extent to foster more growth drivers and help more market entities grow. This year, our goal is to see that the number of newly registered businesses stay at about 20,000 on an average day. And that figure has become an important indicator gauging the economic vitality of China.
我们重视中小微企业，并不是不重视大企业，还是希望大中小企业共生共荣，而且期待一些中小微企业将来会成长为大企业，形成一个相互融通发展的局面。今年我们不仅要看纾困政策用得怎么样，还要看营商环境的改善是否明显，这样可以产生乘数效应。
We pay close attention to these smaller firms, but we also highly value the role of big companies. We hope that companies of all sizes will be able to thrive together through close cooperation and collaboration. We also expect that more smaller firms will one day grow into large companies. This year, we must ensure full delivery of all these relief and support measures, and at the same time work for notable improvement in China’s business environment. These measures, when combined, will produce multiplying effects.
日本朝日新闻记者：世界经济因为新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延正在遭受严重打击，中国已控制住疫情，今后是否有同包括日本在内的周边各国开展经济合作的计划?中国今后在中日韩自贸协定和自由贸易体系建立方面计划如何推进?中国打算参加跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)吗?
Asahi Shimbun: COVID-19 has taken a big hit on the global economy. But China has been successful in bringing the spread of the virus under control. What does China plan to do to advance economic cooperation with Japan and other neighboring countries? What is China’s plan for advancing the FTA among China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and other free trade arrangements? Does China have a plan to join the TPP?
李克强：在去年东亚合作领导人系列会议上，十五国领导人共同作出承诺，今年要如期签署区域全面经济伙伴关系协定，我希望并相信这个承诺不会落空。我们也在积极推进中日韩自贸区建设。中日韩都是近邻，我们愿意在经济大循环中建立中日韩经济小循环。比如说最近中国和韩国就开辟了快捷通道，让商务、技术等人员能够顺利往来，这有利于复工复产，可以说是近水楼台先得月。
Premier Li: I recall that last year at the leaders’ meeting of East Asian cooperation, leaders of 15 countries made the commitment of signing the RCEP by the end of this year. I hope and believe that this commitment will not come to nothing. China, Japan and the ROK are also working closely together to advance their FTA development. The three countries are close neighbors, and we would like to work with the other two countries to develop a mini economic cycle within the bigger economic cycle. For example, recently China and the ROK have opened a fast-track service for personnel inter-flows in areas such as commerce and technology. We believe this will benefit the resumption of economic activities, and our geographical proximity has put us in a good position to benefit from this earlier.
至于刚才你提到TPP，我理解，可能指的是全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(CPTPP)。对于参加CPTPP，中方持积极开放态度。
As for your question about TPP, I suppose what you mean is the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). China has a positive and open attitude toward joining the CPTPP.
人民日报社记者：今年是脱贫攻坚的决胜之年，但是受疫情影响很多家庭收入都有所下降，甚至一些人还面临着返贫。在这种情况下今年脱贫攻坚任务还能顺利完成吗?政府将如何保障基本的民生?
People’s Daily: This year, China plans to win its battle against poverty. But because of COVID-19, many families have seen a decline in their household income. And some are even at the risk of falling back into poverty. So are we able to fulfill the task of winning the battle against poverty this year? And what will the government do to meet people’s essential needs?
李克强：中国是一个人口众多的发展中国家，我们人均年可支配收入是3万元人民币，但是有6亿中低收入及以下人群，他们平均每个月的收入也就1000元左右，1000元在一个中等城市可能租房都困难，现在又碰到疫情。疫情过后，民生为要。怎么样保障困难群众和受疫情影响的新的困难群众的基本民生，我们应该把这项工作放在极为重要的位置。我们采取的纾困政策，有相当一部分就是用于保障基本民生的。
Premier Li: Our country is a developing country with a big population. The per capita annual disposable income in China is 30,000 RMB yuan. But there are still some 600 million people earning a medium or low income, or even less. Their monthly income is barely 1,000 RMB yuan. It’s not even enough to rent a room in a medium Chinese city. And because of COVID-19, many families have encountered difficulties. So it is a very high priority on the government’s work agenda to meet the essential needs of vulnerable groups and those families who have encountered new difficulties because of COVID-19. This is a very important part of the government’s work agenda. And a fairly big part of our support policies are designed for this very purpose.
今年要如期完成脱贫攻坚任务，这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央向全社会作出的庄严承诺。按原本的账还有500多万贫困人口，受这次疫情冲击，可能会有一些人返贫，脱贫的任务更重了。我们会多策并举，特别是要采取措施把脱贫的底线兜住，我们有把握完成今年决胜脱贫攻坚的任务。
This year, we are determined to end poverty as scheduled. This is a serious commitment made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to the whole of Chinese society. Before COVID-19 struck, there were some 5 million people living below the poverty line. But because of the disease, some may have fallen back into poverty. Hence, we now face a greater task in meeting our goal. But with our multi-pronged policies and measures to ensure the essential needs of our people, we have the confidence to win the battle against poverty this year.
各级政府都要以人民利益为上，以万家疾苦为重。每出一策，都要考虑是否有利于千家万户、有利于民生。今年我们在应对疫情冲击过程中，要特别认真细致地考虑把各方面困难人群保障起来，扩大低保和失业保障的范围。现在低保、失业保障、特困救助等人员大概一年6000万人左右，我们预计今年人数会增加较多。保障和救助资金是足够的，把他们保障住是有能力的。我们要求一定要把账算细，把钱用到刀刃上，使民生得到切实保障。全国还有近3亿领养老金的人员，今年我们提高了养老金的标准，说到就要做到。
Governments at all levels must always put people’s interests first and bear in mind the hardships of the Chinese people. In introducing each and every policy, we must make sure that it contributes to the well-being of all families and to the better lives of our people. In responding to COVID-19 this year, we must make thoughtful and meticulous plans to ensure the basic needs of all vulnerable groups. In this respect, we have decided to expand the coverage of subsistence allowance and unemployment benefits. Some 60 million people in China still live on subsistence allowance or receive unemployment benefits, penury assistance, or other relief or support. This year, we are expected to see a big increase in the number of recipients. We have sufficient funds to support these vulnerable groups. We must use the money wisely to ensure that every cent will be well spent. Some 300 million senior Chinese citizens live on old-age pension. We decided to raise the pensions for these retirees this year. We must fully deliver all our commitments.
实干为要，行胜于言。我们现在的社保基金结存和储备足以保证养老金按时足额发放，但工作不能出任何纰漏。在这个事上出纰漏，就会让人们对未来没有信心。中华民族有尊老传统，我们要让社会各方面都感到希望。要统筹把各项保障落实到位，这也会有力支撑民心安定，推动经济发展。民为邦本，本固邦宁。这方面的工作不是一件事，而是多件事，我们都要做好、做到位。相信中国人民的生活会更好。
Actions count, and actions always speak louder than words. We have sufficient balance in our social security fund to ensure that pension benefits will be paid on time and in full, and there should be no loopholes in the operation of the fund. This way, we will be able to give our people more hope about their future. More importantly, the Chinese have a tradition of respecting and taking good care of the elderly. We must ensure that all the benefits and support will be duly provided. This will reassure our people and also help us promote China’s economic development. As the saying goes, the people is the foundation of a state. When the foundation is strong, the state will be secure. So we must fully deliver on all those policies and measures. And that will make our people more hopeful about their future.
新加坡联合早报记者：您在政府工作报告中提到，因为全球疫情和经贸形势不确定性很大，中国发展面临一些难以预料的影响因素。您对目前中国面对的外部形势有怎样的判断?中国将如何应对外部环境的变化?对于全球应对公共卫生挑战和经济严重衰退挑战，中国将发挥什么作用?
Lianhe Zaobao: In the Government Work Report, you said that China will face some factors that are difficult to predict in its development due to the great uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and world economic and trade environment. So what is your reading of the external situation China faces? What will China do to cope with the changes in the international environment? And what role will China play in the global responses to the public health challenge and the challenge of serious global recession?
李克强：我们先看一下现在世界的变化。这次新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行，给世界造成了严重冲击，带来了巨大影响。现在因为防控疫情，各国之间的交流合作明显减少，如果再持续下去，世界经济会更加严重衰退，这是危险的。如果世界经济不能够恢复增长，可能将来连疫情都很难防控。在抗击疫情过程中特别需要公共产品，需要保持产业链、供应链稳定，更需要开放，推进贸易投资自由化与便利化。这样我们才能共同战胜疫情给世界带来的冲击，把损失减少到最小。
Premier Li: Let’s look at what’s happening around us. COVID-19 has impacted our world profoundly. There has been a significant deceleration and decline of exchanges and cooperation between countries because of the containment requirements. Should such a trend continue, the global economy will be pushed into deeper recession and that is something dangerous. And if the world economy cannot resume growth, it may be even challenging to sustain the COVID-19 response. In responding to COVID-19, we need public goods more than ever before; we need to keep the international industrial and supply chains stable. This requires even greater openness and the pursuit of trade liberalization and investment facilitation. With such joint efforts we will be able to prevail over and minimize the effects of COVID-19 on the world.
关起门来搞发展行不通，那就等于回到了农耕时代。中国坚定不移地推进对外开放，这不会、也不可能改变。我们会继续扩大与世界的合作，自主出台更多扩大开放措施。开放对各国如同空气对人一样，须臾不可离，否则就窒息了。我们在开放当中还要维护国际产业链、供应链稳定。当然也有人会说，要对产业链、供应链进行调整。至于企业的调整布局，是按市场规律办事，市场规律本来就是企业进进出出、生生死死。我们不能违背市场规律，凭空设计，而是要让市场更加相互开放。
It is impossible for any country to achieve development with its door closed or retreat back to the agrarian times. China will keep to its opening-up policy. China will not waver in this commitment, nor is it possible for us to shut our door to the outside world. Instead, we will further expand our cooperation with the rest of the world and introduce more opening-up measures on our own initiative.
Openness is as indispensable to a country’s development as air is to human beings. One will suffocate in an enclosed space. We, in this process, will work with others to keep global industrial and supply chains stable. Some have made plain their intention to readjust the global industrial and supply chains. We believe the shifts in global production of businesses should be done in accordance with market principles. In the marketplace, it is only natural for companies to come and go, succeed or fail. People should not make arbitrary plans against market rules. Instead, we should open up our markets wider to each other.
坚持双向开放，那就要友好相处。第一，我们希望同世界各国相互尊重、平等相待。国家不管大小、贫富、强弱，都应该遵循这个规则。相处规则如果有不完善之处需要调整改革，大家一起商量着办。第二，互利互惠。既然是合作，就要共赢，独赢是不会长久的，吃独食也是行不通的。只有在共赢中大家才能够共同成长。再有，就是相互帮助、相互学习。各国都有各自的长处，都要担负起应尽的国际责任，携手应对各种困难和挑战。中国作为一个发展中大国，会担负起我们应当担负的国际责任。
In an environment of mutual openness, we believe it’s important for countries to live side by side in amity. We hope that all countries will observe the principles of mutual respect and equality. We believe that all countries should be equals, big or small, rich or poor, strong or weak. And if there are some rules in today’s world that need to be improved, we can all sit down and work things out through discussions. We need to pursue mutual benefit in our cooperation. We don’t think for any one particular party to take all the benefits will work. Instead, we should pursue win-win. And in this environment, we may achieve shared success. Countries should also support, help and learn from each other, as we can make the most of our comparative advantages. We believe all countries should fulfill their due international obligations and work together to tackle common challenges and difficulties. And China, as a large developing country, will surely live up to its share of international responsibilities.
中国是一个庞大的市场，我们推进的纾困和激发市场活力的规模性政策，会进一步扩大消费市场。希望中国还是大家看好的投资沃土。我们愿意进口更多国外商品，成为面向世界的大市场。
China is a huge market. All these policies of a sizable scale that we have introduced to provide relief to businesses will further spur consumption and energize our market. And we hope that people will stay optimistic about coming to invest in this big market of China. China is also prepared to boost imports from other parts of the world, and we will be a big market for the whole world.
至于说到怎么应对疫情这场公共卫生挑战，让世界经济走出困境，我前面多次说了，要同舟共济、携手同行。我希望并相信，各国人民共同努力，疫情之后会更开放，衰退之后会有新繁荣。
As for how to respond to the public health crisis and global economic recession, as I have said in my previous remarks, we believe all members of the global community should pull together in a sense of partnership to prevail over the current difficulty. We hope and believe that with joint efforts of people around the world, the post-COVID-19 world will be a more open one. And this post-recession world will embrace new prosperity.
2019年李总理记者会，张璐交传
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路透社记者：去年中国采取了一系列措施放松货币条件，还加大了减税降费力度，今年中国表示将进一步放宽货币条件，进一步减税降费，还要加大基础设施投资。请问，中国经济面临的问题是否比之前预想得更为严重？如果经济放缓继续持续下去，中国是否会考虑采取更加有力的举措，包括取消房地产限制和降低基准利率等？
Reuters: Last year China took a number of measures to ease monetary conditions. China also cut taxes and fees. This year China is promising more monetary easing, more tax cuts and more infrastructure spending. Are China’s economic problems bigger than previously thought? And if the economic slowdown doesn’t stop, would China consider taking more aggressive measures such as lifting property curbs and cutting benchmark interest rates?
李克强：这位记者朋友喜欢单刀直入，那我也开诚布公。中国经济确实遇到了新的下行压力，现在世界经济都在放缓，就在这一个多月期间，几大国际权威机构都在调低世界经济增长的预期。中国适度调低经济增长预期目标，用的是区间调控的方式，既和去年经济增速相衔接，也表明我们不会让经济运行滑出合理区间，可以说给市场发出的是稳定的信号。
Premier Li: You went straight to the point in your question and I will not beat about the bush. It is true that China’s economy has encountered new downward pressure against a larger backdrop of slower global economic growth. In the past month or so, several major international organizations have adjusted downward their forecast for global growth this year. We have adjusted downward, as appropriate, our projected economic growth target for 2019, and set it at a target range. This is compatible with the GDP growth rate we achieved last year. It is also consistent with our determination to prevent major economic indicators from sliding out of the proper range. By this way, we have sent a message of stability to the market.
去年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全国上下奋力拼搏，在推进供给侧结构性改革的进程中，面对国际贸易保护主义抬头的背景，中国经济实现6.6%的增速，的确是来之不易。国内生产总值总量达到90万亿元，在这个基础上，今年预计经济增长6%至6.5%，这是高基数、大总量上的增长，可以说本身就是进。
Last year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, people across China made united efforts to advance the supply-side structural reforms, and we achieved a 6.6 percent GDP growth, which was no mean feat. Against the backdrop of growing trade protectionism in the international environment, China’s GDP aggregate reached 90 trillion RMB yuan. Our projected target for GDP growth this year is 6-6.5 percent. It will be a growth on top of a very large base figure. Keeping steady growth of China’s economy in itself is important progress.
当然，面对新的下行压力，要有有力举措。一种办法是搞量化宽松，超发货币、大幅度提高赤字率，搞所谓“大水漫灌”，一时可能有效，但萝卜快了不洗泥，会带来后遗症，所以不可取。我们还是要坚持通过激发市场活力，来顶住下行压力。前些年，我们也遇到下行压力，采取的就是激发市场活力的措施，因为市场活力增强了，发展的动力必然增强。
We must take strong measures to cope with the current downward economic pressure. One possible option is to resort to quantitative easing, including excessive money supply and a much higher deficit-to-GDP ratio, flooding the economy with liquidity. Such an indiscriminate and expedient approach might work in the short run, but may also lead to future problems. Hence, it is not a viable option. Our choice is to energize market players to counter the downward pressure. We encountered economic downturn in the past several years, and the measures we took were aimed at boosting the vitality of the market, which generated stronger dynamism for development.
现在中国市场主体已经超过1亿户，把他们的活力激发出来，这个力量是难以估量的。我们还是要政贵有恒，继续推进减税降费、简政、培育新动能、放宽市场准入、营造公平竞争环境等一系列措施，为市场松绑，为企业腾位，为百姓解忧。把他们的创造力释放出来，我们一定能够保持经济运行在合理区间，而且推动高质量发展。
China now has over 100 million market entities. When their vitality is fully unleashed, the energies that could be created would be incalculable. We must keep our policies stable and ensure their continuity. We will continue to cut taxes and fees, streamline administration, foster new drivers of growth, broaden market access and level the playing field for all market players. In this way, we will be able to lift the curbs on the market, free up space for companies and resolve concerns for our people. We will generate tremendous creativity in this process. And this will also put us in a strong position to keep major economic indicators within a proper range and achieve high-quality development.
当然，今年不确定因素不少，我们还要有更多的应对准备，留有政策空间。比如我们今年提高赤字率0.2个百分点，达到2.8%，没有超过国际上所谓3%的警戒线。我们还可以运用像存款准备金率、利率等数量型或价格型工具，这不是放松银根，而是让实体经济更有效地得到支持。不管发生什么样的新情况，我们都会立足当前、着眼长远，保持中国经济稳定，保持中国经济长期向好趋势不变，这都是很重要的。中国经济会始终成为世界经济的一个重要“稳定之锚”。
We also need to take strong measures to cope with growing uncertainties that we face this year. We have policies in reserve for that purpose. For example, we raised the deficit ratio for this year by 0.2 percentage point to 2.8 percent, which is below the international warning line of 3 percent. In addition, we can also resort to quantitative or pricing tools like required reserve ratios and interest rates. We are not going for monetary easing, but trying to provide effective support to the real economy. Facing new circumstances, we will stay firmly grounded in China’s realities and take a long-term view. We will do our best to keep China’s economic growth stable and maintain the sound momentum of the economic development for the long run. China’s economy will remain an anchor of stability for the global economy.
《财新周刊》记者：中国政府出台了一系列关于减税降费的举措，不少企业家反映企业税收依然很重，今年政府出台了更大规模的减税降费，请问您认为企业能得到实惠吗？财政可持续吗？
Cai Xin: The Chinese government took a series of steps to reduce taxes and fees. However, some business people still feel that the tax burden on companies is quite heavy. This year the government plans to implement deeper tax and fee cuts. I would like to ask if you think real benefits can be truly delivered to companies, and is our country’s public finance sustainable?
李克强：近几年我们利用营改增等，平均每年给企业减税降费一万亿元，三年三万亿元。应该说，我们减税的规模是比较大的。今年下决心要进行更大规模的减税降费，把增值税和基本养老保险单位缴费率降下来，减税降费红利近两万亿元。这可以说是应对当前经济下行压力的一个十分重要的关键性举措。
Premier Li: In the past several years, we worked to replace business tax with value-added tax. For the past three years, we cut taxes by three trillion yuan, or one trillion on an average annual basis. This is fairly large-scale tax reduction. This year we will implement larger-scale tax and fee cuts. We will make reductions in the VAT and employers’ contributions to the basic pension insurance scheme. This will deliver a dividend of as much as two trillion yuan to companies. It is an important measure for countering the downward pressure.
这样做有利于公平，因为按照规则，各类所有制企业普遍能从减税降费中受惠，而且政策效率很高，一竿子插到底，直达市场主体。4月1日就要减增值税，5月1日就要降社保费率，全面推开。我看还没有其他办法比这种办法给企业带来的感受更公平、更有效。
This is also a fair and efficient policy option. The same rules will be enforced and companies under all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals. The policy will reach all market players directly. The plan is to cut VAT rates starting from 1 April, and the social insurance contribution rate from 1 May. No other way may work as fairly and efficiently as this one for companies.
今年更大规模的减税降费是一项重大改革和重要抉择。之前我们反复测算，有多种方案，一种就是今后几年每年把增值税率降一个百分点，但在当前情况下企业可能感受不深。所以我们下决心把占增值税总量近60%的制造业等行业的增值税率降低3个百分点，把建筑业等部分行业降1个百分点，其他所有行业也确保只减不增。由于税制的原因，可能在推进过程当中有些行业抵扣少了，税收会有增加，我们也做了认真的准备，对他们加大抵扣的力度，用打补丁的办法，并对所有的中小微企业实行普惠性减税，以此确保所有行业税负只减不增。对基本养老保险单位缴费率，我们还明确，可以从原规定的20%降到16%。
Our larger-scale tax and fee cuts are a very important reform measure and a crucial decision. Before we took this decision, we did thorough calculations. In the past, there were several different plans under consideration. For example, one of the plans was to cut the VAT rates by just one percentage point each year in the following several years. But that may not bring as many benefits to companies as the current plan. Under the current plan, the VAT rate for the manufacturing sector will be cut by three percentage points. The manufacturing sector accounts for close to 60 percent of all VAT. For construction and related sectors, the VAT rate will be cut by one percent point. For other industries, we will also work to ensure that the tax burden on companies will only go down, not up. Due to the setup of the tax code, with fewer deductions, the tax payments of some sectors may somewhat increase. To address this problem, we will make further tax deductions. In this process, the tax burden on all micro, small and medium-sized companies will be significantly eased. All in all, as I said before, taxes levied on companies will only come down instead of going up. Moreover, employers’ contributions to the basic pension insurance scheme will be cut from 20 percent to 16 percent.
减税是要减收的。我们今年安排财政支出和GDP增长同步，确保民生重点领域、三大攻坚战支出只增不减。那么人们会问钱从哪里来？赤字只提高了0.2个百分点，填不上这个窟窿怎么办？我们的办法是，政府要过紧日子，不仅要压缩政府一般性支出，而且增加特定国有金融机构和央企上缴利润、进入国库，并把长期沉淀的财政资金收回。通过这些举措，我们筹集了1万亿元资金。我们还要求地方政府也要挖潜，把自己的功课做足。对中西部地区，我们将给予适当的转移支付支持。大规模减税降费，是要动政府的存量利益，要割自己的肉。所以我说这是一项刀刃向内、壮士断腕的改革。
Cutting taxes means smaller fiscal revenues. This year, our fiscal spending will grow in tandem with the GDP growth rate. We also need to ensure that government spending in key areas related to people’s lives and in fighting the three critical battles will increase. Then it begs the question: where does the money come from? Only increasing the budget deficit ratio by 0.2 percent point is not enough to make up for the shortfall. The answer is: the government will tighten its belt and cut back on its general expenditures. At the same time, certain state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government will be asked to turn in a larger share of their profits to the state coffers. The central government will also take back those fiscal funds that have long stayed unused. Through these means, we have put together one trillion yuan. Local governments also need to do their homework and contribute, but for localities in the central and western regions, transfer payments from the central government will be made. Digging into the government’s own revenue stock for slashing taxes and fees would be like the government turning the blade of a knife to itself, which requires significant self-sacrifice. That is why I said this is a key reform that requires exceptional courage and determination.
刚才记者问，这样做财政可持续吗？我们也是认真算过账的。我们是给制造业等基础行业、给带动就业面最大的中小企业明显减税，这实际上是“放水养鱼”、培育财源。我们前几年在营改增过程中起先也是财政减收的，但后来税基扩大了，财政收入增长了。现在看，我们还要调整国民收入分配结构，这也是一项改革。从趋势看，应该给实体经济、给企业让利，让他们在国民收入分配蛋糕中的比例更大，这样能更多带动就业，让就业人群增加收入。为此，政府就要过紧日子，就要让利，政府的存量利益也要动，得罪人也要动，让利于企业，让利于民，这样财政才更可持续，反过来讲可能就要打问号了。我们这样做，不是在预支未来，恰恰是在培育未来。
You asked if our public finance is sustainable. Let me tell you that the government has done its due diligence. We are going to cut VAT rates for the manufacturing and other basic sectors. And we are going to make things much easier for small and medium-sized companies, the largest providers of jobs in our country. They will see their taxes meaningfully reduced. This will create a more enabling environment for companies, and also help to expand our tax sources. When we started with the VAT reform several years ago, government revenue also declined. However, it didn’t take long for it to increase again, as the tax base expanded. This is also a reform that will make adjustments to the structure of our national income distribution. By expanding the share of companies therein, we will create more jobs and put more money in our people’s pockets. To do this, the government must live on a tight budget, and let companies benefit more. We must dig into the government’s own pockets, even if this involves offending people. This is actually helpful for keeping our public finance sustainable. As a matter of fact, our ability to keep China’s public finance sustainable may be called into question if the above measures are not taken. Such measures are not taking an overdraft on our future, but nurturing a better tomorrow.
现在可以说是真金白银已经备好了，有关部门和各级政府都要去落实，决不能让政策“打白条”，更不允许变换花样乱收费来冲击减税降费的成效，要让企业、让市场主体切实感受到更大规模减税降费的实实在在效果。
So, these heavyweight policies and measures are all set, relevant departments and governments at all levels must fully deliver those policies and measures. There must be no lip service. We will let market players test their actual effects and there must be no arbitrary charges levied in disguised forms. Our end goal is to deliver concrete benefits to companies and market entities.
韩国《东亚日报》记者：朝美领导人河内会晤谈崩之后，外界认为朝鲜有可能正在准备恢复发射火箭，朝鲜半岛局势下一步发展还是存在不确定性，中方对此如何看？中方作为和朝鲜保持战略性沟通和高层来往的邻邦，为了劝和促谈，化解朝美之间的分歧，目前在发挥什么样的建设性作用？
The Dong-A Ilbo: The Hanoi summit between the DPRK and the United States broke down and after that there are analyses arguing that there is a possibility for the DPRK preparing for resuming rocket launch. And there are still uncertainties on the Korean Peninsula situation. How does the Chinese side see the kind of situation on the Peninsula? Another question is, China has stayed in strategic communication and exchanged high-level visits with the DPRK and has been promoting dialogue between the DPRK and the United States and working to ease differences between the two parties. What constructive role is China playing in this respect?
李克强：半岛问题可以说是错综复杂、由来已久，解决起来不可能一蹴而就。一段时间以来，大家都比较关注朝美领导人河内会晤。会晤后，双方都表示要继续接触。我认为，接触总比不接触好。我们还是要保持耐心，要抓住机遇，特别是当前显现出的积极因素，推动对话，特别是朝美对话，实现大家都希望得到的成果。中国始终坚持半岛无核化，希望保持半岛的和平稳定，这个立场从来没有改变过。解决好半岛问题，不仅对北南双方，对地区、对世界都有利。
Premier Li: The Korean Peninsula issue is a long-standing and complicated one. It cannot be resolved overnight. Much attention has been paid to the Hanoi summit between the DPRK and the United States. Following the summit, both sides expressed readiness to stay engaged with each other, and having such kind of engagement is better than no contact at all. I believe it is important for all parties concerned to stay patient, seize opportunities and the positive factors that have emerged, and promote dialogue, especially dialogue between the DPRK and the United States, to move toward outcomes that we all would like to see. China is committed to a denuclearized Korean Peninsula. We hope there will be peace and stability there. And this has been our consistent position. A proper settlement of the Peninsula issue is in the interest of both the North and the South. It is also in the regional and global interest.
中国新闻社记者：我们注意到近几年中国政府一直在着力改善民生，但是在民生领域也会听到一些抱怨。明年就要全面建成小康社会了，除了脱贫之外，民生领域我们能有哪些实实在在的期待？政府对解决民生问题究竟是怎么考虑的？
China News Service: The Chinese government has been taking measures to improve living standards over the years. However, there are still complaints about some issues concerning quality of life. Next year we will complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. So in addition to poverty alleviation, what concrete progress can we look forward to in all these livelihood areas and what plan does the government have to improve people’s well-being?
李克强：你问的问题很大，因为民生本身就是天大的事情，要做的事情很多。我们要在发展经济的过程中持续改善民生，抓住民生的一些重点、难点问题，一件一件去做。现在大数据显示，“一老一小”的问题，就是养老服务、托幼服务有困难。这个确实应该引起我们高度重视。
Premier Li: You asked a fairly big question. Any issue related to people’s lives is of paramount importance and there are still a lot of things in this respect the government must do. We will continue to improve people’s well-being in the process of developing the Chinese economy. We must put our focus on these key areas and major difficulties faced by our people. A big data survey suggests that issues related to aged and child care are still commonly felt difficulties for our people and this must draw closer attention from the government.
现在中国老龄人口，如果按60岁以上算，近2.5亿人，65岁以上有1.7亿人，6岁以下儿童有上亿人，他们的服务问题涉及到绝大多数家庭，但是我们这方面的服务供给是不足的。全面实施“两孩”政策以后，托幼难更突出了。养老机构现在能提供的服务，每百人只有3个床位。有的大城市统计，可能要到90岁以后才能等到养老床位。我说这句话的意思是，现在我们即便继续加大养老机构、多功能幼儿园发展的力度，也还是跟不上需求增长的速度。
The number of senior citizens at the age of 60 or above in China has reached 250 million, the number of those at or above 65, 170 million, and there are up to 100 million children in China below six years old. Services targeting these populations are still lacking, and they affect most of the Chinese families. The difficulty of insufficient child care services is particularly acute after the implementation of the two-child policy. When it comes to aged care facilities, on average, there are only three beds for every 100 senior citizens. Some surveys suggest that in big cities, one would have to wait until 90 years old before he or she can get a place in a nursing home. The increase of such facilities is lagging behind the growing needs for them.
怎么办？我到一些地方去调研，发现已经有好的经验，就是重点发展社区养老托幼服务，这样可以做到就近可及、普惠公平，只要安全可靠，大家是欢迎的。所以，我想还是要创新机制，对接群众需求，发挥社会力量作用，加大政府扶持力度。比如说，提供公租房，让那些从事助餐助行、日间照料、康复、老年大学等的社会力量免费使用，还可以给予水电气的费用减免，可以减税免税，因为他们实际上也是帮政府共同解决民生之难。社区工作人员、政府的有关部门要保障公平准入，把主要精力放在公正监管上，确保这些服务是安全可靠的，对那些违规的要坚决逐出市场，让老人、孩子、家庭都放心安心。
How does the government plan to address this acute problem? In my local inspection trips, I have seen that some good experience has been gained in this respect, that is, to vigorously develop community-based providers of such services. If there can be accessible, quality services that are safe, reliable, and beneficial to all, they will certainly be very popular among the targeted populations. In this respect, the government needs to develop innovative mechanisms to better match market supply with our people’s demand. The government also needs to provide policy support. For example, we may provide public rental housing units for free to private operators as venues of facilities for providing assisted meal, assisted mobility, day care, rehabilitation, and even open senior colleges. The government may also provide tax exemption or tax-free treatment for these service providers in terms of their expenses on water, electricity and natural gas. These entities are all working together with the government to address our people’s actual needs. The main job of community-level officials and competent departments is to ensure fair market access and enhance oversight so that these services will be both safe and reliable, and those who break the rules will be driven out of the market. In this way, we will be able to keep our senior citizens, our children and all families reassured.
老年人能安度晚年，孩子们有幸福的童年，那就有千家万户幸福愉悦的家庭，也可以让青年人或者中青年人有更多的精力去就业创业。当然，民生方面的问题还很多，我们会抓住重点难点，尽力而为、量力而行去解决。
When our senior citizens have a decent life in their retirement and our children a carefree childhood, all families will lead a happier life and our young and middle-aged people will have greater energy to tap into their entrepreneurship. I do recognize that there are still a great deal of things the government should do in areas related to people’s lives. We will do our level best within the realms of possibility to tackle the key concerns and difficulties that our people face.
彭博新闻社记者：中美建交40年以来，现在两国关系猜疑和竞争似乎比以往任何时候都严重。您如何看待现在的中美关系，您对中美关系未来的走向持何看法？您能否简单谈及目前中美面临的一些具体的冲突点？比如贸易问题，什么样的贸易协议中方可以接受，什么样的不能接受？在技术问题上，中国政府是否会迫使中国的有关企业帮助其监视他国？
Bloomberg News: There’s probably not been as much suspicion and competition in the relationship since ties began some 40 years ago. How would you describe the current state of US-China ties? What’s your outlook for the relationship? And also if you could address some specific issues on trade, what kind of deal would China accept, and what kind would China not accept? And on technology, would China force Chinese technology companies to help spy?
李克强：我认为，中美建交40年来，两国关系可以说是一直向前，取得了丰硕成果。在这个过程中曲折不断、风云变幻，但是向前走的大趋势没有改变，因为中美两国之间有着广泛的共同利益，我们的共同利益是远大于分歧的。中美之间保持稳定的双边关系，不仅有利于双方，也有利于世界。我认为，在曲折中前行、继续前行这个大趋势是不会、也不应该改变的。
Premier Li: I would like to say that China-US relationship has been forging ahead in the past four decades. And a great deal has been accomplished in the growth of this relationship. At the same time, it is true that the relationship has also gone through some twists and turns. But the underlying trend is for the relationship to go forward, and this has not changed. This is because there are broad common interests between China and the US. And the shared interests far outweigh the differences. Steady growth of China-US relationship is in the interest of both countries. It’s also something good for the whole world. So I expect this relationship to continue forging ahead despite twists and turns. And that should be the underlying trend going forward.
当然，中美关系保持总体稳定的同时，一些矛盾纠纷也经常突出地表现出来。一段时间以来，表现比较突出的是中美经贸摩擦。中美双方磋商一直没有停。在去年二十国集团领导人峰会期间，两国元首达成了重要共识，现在双方的磋商还在继续进行。我们希望磋商能有成果，能够实现互利双赢。我相信，这也是世界的期待。
While maintaining the overall stability of China-US relations, we have also seen problems and difficulties appear from time to time. In the past weeks and months, one prominent difficulty in China-US relationship lies in their economic and trade friction. The two countries have been in consultation the whole time. Last year, during the G20 Summit, the presidents of the two countries reached important common understandings. Consultations between the two sides are still ongoing. We hope that good outcomes will be delivered out of those consultations, outcomes that work for both sides and are a win-win. I believe that such a result is also what the whole world would like to see.
中美作为两大经济体，经过几十年来的发展、合作，可以说已是你中有我、我中有你，想人为地把这两大经济体隔开，那是不现实的，也是不可能的。我们还是应该本着合作比对抗好、相互尊重、平等互利这个原则去推动中美关系，包括经贸关系的发展，这样可以使两国人民从中受惠。对于矛盾和分歧，我们相信，中美两国人民是有智慧、有能力来进行化解管控的，推动符合世界潮流的中美关系保持稳定并且向着健康的方向发展。
China and the US, as two large economies, have become closely entwined through years of development and cooperation. It is neither realistic nor possible to decouple these two economies. I believe we need to follow the principles of cooperation instead of confrontation, mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit, to continue to grow China-US relationship, including economic and trade ties, and to deliver concrete benefits to people of both countries. As for the differences and disagreements, we have the confidence that people of the two countries have the wisdom and capability to defuse and manage them properly, and to pursue steady and sound growth of China-US relationship in keeping with the trend of our time.
你问中国政府有没有要求自己的企业去监视他国，我可以明确地回答你，这样做不符合中国法律，也不是中国行事的方法，现在没有，将来也决不会有。
You asked whether the Chinese government will ask Chinese companies to “spy” on other countries. Let me tell you explicitly that this is not consistent with Chinese law. This is not how China behaves. China did not and will not do that in the future.
新华社记者：2018年是中国改革开放40周年，提出了改革要再出发，现在国内外对中国加快改革有许多新期待。请问今年改革会有什么具体的行动？在优化营商环境方面会有哪些新举措？
Xinhua News Agency: The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, putting China’s reform at a new starting point. There have been new hopes, both at home and abroad, for China to accelerate its reform agenda. What concrete actions will be taken to deepen reform this year? What specific measures will be adopted to improve China’s business environment?
李克强：改革开放40年来，中国发展取得了巨大成就，惠及了亿万中国人民。这条路我们会继续走下去，而且应该越走越深入、越宽广。也就是说，我们要继续推进建设社会主义市场经济，继续坚持市场化改革的方向。
Premier Li: Through 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has made remarkable achievements, delivering benefits to its entire population. We intend to stay on this path and will pursue our reform at greater depth and breadth. We will continue to develop our socialist market economy, and pursue market-oriented reforms.
政府要坚持推进市场化、法治化的改革，以实际行动、具体举措让改革成果不断显现。政府的改革应该是更好地让市场在配置资源中发挥决定性作用，也就是说要围着市场做文章，不是老给市场下指令、让市场做什么，而是要把市场的活力激发出来。这次我在参加“两会”的时候，不少代表委员都提出希望继续优化营商环境。给企业好的营商环境、公平的营商环境，市场就会发挥自身的力量。应该说，我们这几年通过“放管服”改革，营商环境的优化是取得成效的。去年有关国际组织把中国营商环境的排名提升了30多位。但社会上也有呼声，营商环境改善得还不够，还有较大差距。我们要倾听这种呼声，进一步改善营商环境。营商环境好了，市场的活力和社会的创造力就会更大地释放出来。
The government will continue to move forward these reforms in accordance with market principles and the law, to ensure that concrete outcomes will be delivered through specific actions. In carrying out reform, the government must create an enabling environment for the market to play its decisive role in allocating resources. The job of the government is not to direct what the market should or should not do, but to do its best to energize all market players. During this year’s “Two Sessions”, I have heard the hope expressed by many NPC deputies and CPPCC members for a better business environment in China. They told me that if there is a more enabling business environment and a level playing field, the market will be in a stronger position to play its role. Over the years, through the reform of government functions, we have made substantial progress in improving our business environment. This has also been evidenced by the fact that China’s global ranking in terms of ease of doing business run by an important international organization moved up by over 30 spots last year. There has been improvement, but we are still falling short in some respects. We must listen closely to the views expressed by market players and do our level best to foster a better business environment to unlock market vitality and creativity of the people.
改善营商环境，还是要放管结合、放管并重。放就是要平等地放，不能搞三六九等。我们减少审批程序、办证办照时间，应该说对各类所有制企业，原则是一视同仁的。现在开办企业拿营业执照的时间，经过几年努力，已经从22天降到了8.5天，今年要力争降到5天，有的地方可以降到3天，目前有的发达国家才1天。我到基层去调研，有不少企业反映，拿到营业执照以后还需要很多证，这是所谓“准入不准营”。我们要采取措施，除了涉及公共安全、特种行业之外，都应该拿到营业执照以后就可以正常经营。政府的监管部门可以加强事中事后监管，在这个过程中，对企业的行为进行甄别辨别，需要发证的发证，不符合资质条件的，该逐出市场就逐出市场。
When improving the business environment, efforts will be made in both deregulation and oversight. By deregulation, we will ensure that companies of all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals from our measures of administrative streamlining, including cutting the time required for companies to get business license or other required licenses and permits. There should be no discriminatory practices. For example, through years of efforts, we have cut the time required to get a business license from 22 days to 8.5 days. This year, our goal is to further cut it to five days, and in some places with better conditions, maybe three days. It only takes one day to get a business license in some developed countries. When I visited some local areas, I heard complaints from business owners, telling me that even with a business license, they still face a myriad of requirements for other types of permits, that is, their companies can be up but not actually running. We plan to ensure that except for those areas involving public safety and security and other special sectors, a business license should be enough for a company to be up and running. For government departments, their job should be focused on enhancing compliance oversight, to see what permits are required, and ban non-compliant and disqualified companies from the market.
宽进就要严管。公平的准入，公正的监管，这是鸟之两翼，不可偏废。如果我们监管不到位，那些坑蒙拐骗、侵犯知识产权、假冒伪劣、恶意拖欠款项的行为就有可能肆意妄为。这次“两会”上我听到一些政协委员反映，他们遇到的是打官司难、讨债难，政府的监管不到位。监管要把规则公开透明，让被监管者知道自己该做什么、不该做什么。监管不能搞选择性监管、任性监管。要形成一种放和管结合的有效的制度性安排。
With lower market thresholds, there must be tightened oversight. There should be fair access to market and impartial regulation. With laxity in regulation on the part of government, malpractices such as cheating and manipulation, infringements of intellectual property, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, or payment arrears, may be left unchecked. I have heard complaints from CPPCC members during this year’s “Two Sessions” about difficulties in seeking legal redress and getting debts repaid due to inadequate oversight. We must make the rules open and transparent, so that market players are fully aware of the dos and don’ts. We must not exercise selective or arbitrary regulation. We must put in place effective institutional arrangements for both deregulation and oversight.
我可以这么说，减税降费和简政、公平监管，这是我们应对经济下行压力、激发市场活力的两个重要的关键举措，目的是要让中国经济行稳致远，而且活力四射。
It can be said that the tax and fee cuts, together with administrative streamlining and impartial regulation, are two very important parts of our measures to counter the downward economic pressure and boost market vitality. The purpose is to ensure steady and sustained growth of the Chinese economy, and make it full of vigor and vitality.
东森新闻云记者：今年年初习近平总书记在《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会上的重要讲话，在两岸引起广泛关注。外界很关注，大陆今年会在促进两岸共同发展和两岸民众福祉等方面具体如何贯彻和落实？
ETV Today of Taiwan: Early this year, President Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan and that important speech received close attention from people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. My question is: how will the mainland implement the policies and propositions set out in that important speech, in particular, to promote the common development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and improve the well-being of people on both sides?
李克强：今年年初，习近平总书记在《告台湾同胞书》发表40周年纪念会上的重要讲话，阐述了我们关于台湾问题的大政方针、原则立场。我们将继续坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，反对“台独”，促进两岸关系和平稳定发展，促进祖国和平统一。
Premier Li: Indeed, early this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave an important speech at the Meeting Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Issuance of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan. In the important speech, he articulated our principles and policies on the Taiwan question. We will continue to adhere to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and oppose Taiwan independence. We will continue to work to promote peaceful growth of cross-Strait relations and the peaceful reunification of our motherland.
两岸同胞同根相系，我们愿意出台更多的优惠政策，让台湾同胞在大陆不论是投资兴业、就业就学，还是生活居住，都能够享受到和大陆同胞同等待遇。我们已经出台了促进两岸经济文化交流合作的“31条举措”，现在的问题是要把这“31条举措”扎扎实实地落到位，而且在这个过程中还应当有新的举措。两岸同胞共享发展机遇、走得越近越亲，两岸关系的发展就会越好越实。我们都希望能够共圆中华民族伟大复兴的梦想。
People on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are bound by kinship. We intend to introduce more preferential policies toward our compatriots in Taiwan to ensure that they will enjoy the same treatment as mainlanders when they come to work, study, live and do business on the mainland. Previously, we introduced 31 measures for promoting cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges. These measures must be fully delivered. In this process, new measures should be introduced as well. When people on both sides of the Strait enjoy the same development opportunities and come closer to each other, the cross-Strait relationship will grow stronger and make more solid progress. We need to work hand in hand to realize our shared dream of national renewal.
《人民日报》记者：去年以来，一些企业存在裁员的情况，有的内外资企业开始向境外转移。同时也有一些企业反映，他们想招一些合适的技术工人却很难。政府将采取哪些政策措施来推动这些问题的解决？
People’s Daily: Last year, some companies have started to trim staff. Some Chinese and foreign-invested firms have started to relocate their businesses overseas. We have also heard complaints by companies about a shortage of skilled workers. My question is: what measures will the government adopt to resolve these problems?
李克强：在中国现代化进程中，就业会始终是一个巨大的压力。我们每年城镇需就业的新增劳动力1500多万，未来几年不会减，而且还要给几百万新进城农民工提供打工的机会。今年我们确定要确保新增城镇就业人数在1100万人以上，并要力争实现去年的实际规模，也就是1300万人以上的就业。所以，我们把就业优先的政策首次和财政政策、货币政策并列为宏观政策。财政和货币政策不管是减税、还是降低实际利率水平等，在很大程度上都是围绕着就业来进行的。有了就业，才会有收入，才会有社会财富的创造。
Premier Li: Indeed, in China’s modernization process, there will always be tremendous employment pressure. In recent years, on average, some 15 million new entrants entered the labor force each year, and that number will not decrease in the foreseeable future. In addition, we also need to provide job opportunities for several million rural migrant workers every year. This year we plan to create another 11 million or more new urban jobs. And in actual practice, our goal is to generate the same amount of job opportunities as we did last year, that is, over 13 million. You may have also noticed, this year for the first time, we are elevating the status of jobs-first policy to a macro policy together with our fiscal policy and monetary policy. The tax cuts under the fiscal policy as well as cutting real interest rates under the monetary policy are all designed to ensure employment in our country. When there is a job, there is income and there is increase in social wealth.
我们说保持经济运行在合理区间，首先是要保就业，不让经济滑出合理区间，就是不能出现“失业潮”。我们要多措并举，对一些重点人群要继续努力保障他们就业，像大学毕业生、复转军人、转岗职工等。今年的高校毕业生又达834万，比去年还多，创历史新高。我们还要确保不出现零就业家庭，对那些吸纳劳动力比较多的企业要给政策优惠支持。我们还要推动创新创业创造，用好大众创业、万众创新平台，提供更多的就业岗位。就业好不好，这本身也是经济好不好的一个重要体现。
Keeping our major economic indicators within a proper range is first and foremost about ensuring employment and preventing a surge in unemployment. To do that, we will apply a combination of measures including promoting employment for key groups of people like college graduates, demobilized military personnel and laid-off workers. This year, the number of college graduates will reach another new high—8.34 million. We also need to make sure there will be no zero employment families. For those companies that hire more, the government will provide more policy support. In the meantime, we will expand the platforms to encourage business start-ups and innovation as a way to generate more jobs. The state of employment very much reflects how our economy is faring.
政府工作报告主要讲了保障城镇新增就业，这里我想特别强调一下农民工就业。中国现在有2.8亿多农民工，而且每年是以百万计的数量在增长。他们是许多产业行业的主力军，农民的收入大部分来自于打工收入。农民工的身后可以说有无数家庭的期待。讲到这里，我就想起几年前到我国东北一个中型城市的建设枢纽工地上去考察，有一个印象至今挥之不去。在寒冷的天气里农民工在施工，其中有一位农民工跟我岁数差不多大，我和他对话，他就希望一条：多加班，多挣钱。我说为什么？他说他的一个孩子考上了重点大学，他要挣钱使孩子安心学习，并且学习好。我从他的眼神里看到他对下一代、对未来的期待。
The government work report touched mainly upon creating new urban jobs. Here I would like to make a special mention of our rural migrant workers which are now numbered at above 280 million. And that figure is still increasing by several million each year. These rural migrant workers are a leading force in many industries and sectors of our country. Much of their earnings come from non-farming jobs, and they carry the hopes of a lot of families. One thing I can never forget is that several years ago, I was visiting the construction site of a local transportation project in a mid-sized northeastern city, where I met some rural migrant workers. It was a cold winter day, and I talked to one of the workers who was about my age on the construction site. He said to me that he wanted to work longer hours so that he could earn more money. I asked him why. He said that his child was just enrolled into a leading university and he wanted to earn more so that his child won’t have to worry about the college tuition fees and can focus on his studies. In his eyes I saw his hopes for a better future for his children.
我们中华民族几千年生生不息，这40年来有如此巨大变化，教育的确起了巨大支撑作用。所以我们要善待农民工，不仅要给他们提供打工的机会，而且要保障他们应有的所得。现在不时发生农民工被欠薪的问题，我们要立法规，坚决打击那些恶意欠薪的行为，确保农民工打工有机会，而且合法权益得到保障，要看到他们是无数家庭的希望。
Indeed, education has been an important underpinning force that keeps the Chinese nation going for several thousand years. That has made it possible for us to come this far in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. These rural migrant workers must be treated with kindness. And we must ensure that they will not only find jobs but also get paid for their work. There have been instances where their wages cannot be paid in full and on time. The government will formulate regulations to crack down on such malpractices to ensure that the lawful rights and interests of all rural migrant workers will be fully protected. The government must not fail the hope of all their families.
埃菲社记者：中美之间的贸易摩擦对中欧关系发展是机遇还是会带来负面影响？如何看待今年的中欧关系？
Spanish News Agency EFE: The trade war with the United States, in case that continues, could represent an opportunity to improve the relationship between Europe and China, or will only have negative effects. And in any case, what do you expect of the relationship between Europe and China this year?
李克强：中美贸易摩擦是中美双边的事情，我们不会利用第三方，更不会去损害第三方。中国和欧盟，一个是世界上最大的发展中国家，一个是世界上最大的发达国家联盟。可以说，中欧都是世界多极化的重要一极，中欧关系的发展不仅有利于中欧，也有利于世界。
Premier Li: The China-US trade friction is an issue between China and the United States. We will not exploit any third party. We will not target or hurt the interest of any third party. For China and the EU, China is the largest developing country in the world, the EU the largest union of developed countries in the world. And both are important poles in the multi-polar world. A growing China-EU relationship serves the interests of both China and the EU and the world at large.
当然，中欧互为最大的贸易伙伴，我们之间有合作，也有摩擦，过去和现在都存在。但是，我们长期以来积累了化解分歧、摩擦的经验，这些经验我认为还应该继续沿用，其中很重要的就是中欧之间应该增强互信。现在，我们正在推进中欧投资谈判，实际上是想让双向投资更加开放，这样做让双方都受益，当然是要公平地受益。我觉得双方都应该以开放的心态看待对方，在合作中妥善化解分歧，让中欧关系稳步前行。下个月，我要去欧盟总部和欧盟领导人共同举行新一轮中欧领导人会晤。我希望通过本次会晤，双方都从战略的、长远的高度看待中欧关系，都用相互尊重、相互理解、推动合作的心态去促进中欧关系健康稳定发展。
China and the EU are each other’s biggest trading partner. There has been cooperation as well as frictions in our relationship. Over the years, we have gained good experience in managing our differences and frictions and I believe such experience should continue to be applied. One very important experience is to deepen our mutual trust. The two sides are now advancing negotiations on an investment agreement. The purpose is to further facilitate the two-way flow of our investment to see that the two sides will benefit on an equal footing from this agreement. I believe that we need to view each other’s development with an open mind and continue to properly handle our differences in the course of pursuing cooperation for continued, steady growth of our relationship. Next month, I am going to visit the EU Headquarters and host the next round of China-EU Summit with the EU leaders. I hope that both sides will view this relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective, and continue to show mutual respect, deepen our mutual understanding and advance cooperation in joint pursuit of sustained, healthy growth of our ties.
中央广播电视总台央视记者：老百姓看病难看病贵、享受不到优质医疗资源的问题比较突出，尤其是那些得了大病的患者，给他们的家庭带去很沉重的负担。在解决这些问题上，政府还有哪些有效举措？
China Central Television: It seems that quality medical resources are still somewhat inaccessible and quite expensive. In particular, a serious illness could cause heavy burdens on the families concerned. I would like to ask: what specific measures will the government take to tackle this problem?
李克强：看病确实是重要的民生问题，尤其大病是民生的痛点。看病贵看病难的问题，在我们国家的确存在。这几年来，我们经过努力，不仅建立了向全民提供基本医疗保障的制度，而且在此基础上，由政府和居民共担，购买大病保险，建立了大病保险的机制，这是可以缓解大病患者特别是困难群众负担的一个重要举措，在世界上也应该是一个创举。
Premier Li: Accessing quality medical resources is indeed a key issue related to people’s lives. And getting treatment for serious illnesses is truly an acute concern of our people. There does exist the problem of inaccessible and quite expensive medical care in our country. I would like to say that over the years we have been able to provide basic medical care services to cover the entire population. In addition, we have established the scheme for serious illness insurance with a cost-sharing formula between the government and individuals, an important measure to mitigate the burdens on patients with serious illnesses, especially needy patients. This is a quite creative step the Chinese government has taken.
去年我们就听到许多关于抗癌药贵的呼声，我们通过减税等多种办法，让17种抗癌药降价50%以上，而且纳入医保，这让癌症患者特别是困难群众大大减轻了负担。这方面的事情，我们能做的都应该去做。
There have been complaints about the high costs of cancer drugs, so last year, through various means including tax cuts, we managed to cut the prices of 17 cancer drugs by over 50 percent and included them into medical insurance schemes. This has significantly eased the financial burdens on cancer patients and poor families. This shows that the government must do its level best in resolving people’s concerns.
今年我们还要做两件这方面的事，并且要尽力。一是把高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患者的门诊用药纳入医保，给予50%的报销，这将惠及我国4亿高血压、糖尿病患者。我到基层去调研，有一些人告诉我，他们得了这类慢性病，每天都不能断药，负担很重，有的把养老金相当一部分用来买药，我们要努力解决这方面的问题。二是要降低大病保险的起付线，提升大病保险的报销比例。现在近14亿人都进入大病保险了，要让更多的人、上千万的人能够直接受益，因为我们这个大病保险是有倍数效应的。要看到，我们的医保虽然覆盖全民，但是水平不高，尤其是农民人均年收入不到1.5万元，遇到大病靠自己扛是很难的。所以政府和社会要共同出力，缓解这个民生之痛。没有健康就没有幸福。
This year the government plans to do its utmost in taking two major steps. First, we will make the outpatient drugs for chronic diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes reimbursable, and set the reimbursement rate at 50 percent. This measure will benefit some 400 million Chinese suffering from these chronic diseases. And when I talked to some of those patients, they told me that they have to take drugs every day and a lot of their pension benefits have to be spent on these drugs. This is a problem we need to address. Second, when it comes to serious illness insurance scheme, which already covers nearly 1.4 billion people, we will lower the payout threshold and raise the reimbursement rate so that this scheme can truly produce amplifying effects to benefit as many people as possible. Although we have established a medical care safety net that covers a large population, the level of actual benefits is still not high. For example, for Chinese farmers, their average per capita annual income is less than 15,000 yuan, so it would be very hard for one to just rely on himself or herself to cover expenses for the treatment of serious illnesses. The government and private entities must work together in this respect to meet people’s health needs. Without health, there would be no happy life for our people.
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