TED演讲：下定决心的目标，不要告诉别人！Why?

Everyone, please think of your biggest personal goal. For real -- you can take a second , you’ve got to feel this to learn it.Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay? Imagine deciding right now that you’re going to do it. Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it fell good to say it out loud? Don’t you fell one step closer already, like it’s already becoming part of your identity? Well, bad news：you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling now will make you less likely to do it. Repeated psychology tests have proven that telling someone your goal makes it less likely to happen.

帮你记单词：

①identity [aɪˈdentəti]  n.身份;本身;本体;特征;特有的感觉(或信仰);同一性;相同;一致

ident 相同 + ity 名词后缀—— 身份；特性；同一性

ident ['aɪdent]  n. 识别，鉴别，订货号，标识符

缩写自 identification [aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]  n.鉴定;辨认;确认;确定;身份证明

ident 相同 + i 连字符 + + fic 做 + ation 复合名词后缀—— 身份；特性

我们经常说的身份证就是identification card = identity card, 缩写为ID card, 那身份证号码就是 ID number。

She is innocent; it was a case of mistaken identity .

她是无辜的；那是身份判断错误。

②psychology [saɪˈkɑːlədʒi]  n.心理学;心理;心理特征;心理影响

psycho 心理，精神 + ology 学科名词后缀 —— 心理学

psycho [ˈsaɪkoʊ]  n.精神病患者;精神病人   adj.神智不正常的;发疯的

climatology [ˌklaɪməˈtɑːlədʒi] 气候学

chronology [krəˈnɑːlədʒi] 年代学

sociology [ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi] 社会学……

词源：该词一般的释义是“心理学”或“心理”。从词的结构上来看，它是由psycho-加后缀-ology组合而成。-ology表示某学科，有“…学”之意；psycho-则表示“心理”、“精神”或“灵魂”，它源出一则美丽的古罗马神话传说。

少女Psyche['saiki] [希神]塞姬（爱神丘比特所爱的美女）和爱神Cupid（即希腊神话中的Eros）相恋，每晚在一座宫殿里相会。可是Cupid -再嘱咐她不要探究他的身份，也不许她窥看他的面容。日暮之后，他总是如约而来；日出之前，他便迅即离去。一天夜里，Psyche由于她的姐妹的唆使，加上自己的好奇心的驱使，在他熟睡之时，点上蜡烛偷看，方知和她相爱的人竟是众神中最俊美的爱神Cupid。她惊喜交集，手不禁颤抖了一下，一滴烛油落在他的肩上。Cupid顿时惊醒，旋即离去，从此不见，宫殿也随之消失。Psyche悔恨不已，悲恸欲绝。她四处漂游，寻觅情人，并沦为爱与美的女神Venus['vi:nəs] [罗神]维纳斯（即希腊神话中的Aphrodite）的奴隶。Venus是Cupid的母亲，对Psyche的美貌本来就十分嫉妒，她逼她干各种活儿，想方设法摧残折磨她。最后，Psyche历尽种种磨难，终于和Cupid重聚，结为夫妇，并成为灵魂、精神和生命之神。

追根溯源，psychology中的构词成分psycho由Psyche演变而来。除了psychology，英语中还有不少词，诸如psychic（精神的，心理的），psychiatry（精神病学），psychoanalysis

（精神分析），psychotic（精神病患者），psychosis（精神变态，精神病），psychopath（精神变态者），等等，均源出Psyche一词。来源：童理民

Any time you have a goal, there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done in order to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you had actually done the work. But when you tell someone you goal and they acknowledge it, psychologists have found that it’s called a “social reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. (laughter) So this goes against the conventional wisdom that we should tell our goals, right? So they hold us to it. So, let’s look at the proof.

1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this “Substitution”;

1933, Vera Mahle found, when it was acknowledge by others, it felt real in the mind;

1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this and in 2009, he did some new tests that were published.

It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests . Everyone wrote down their personal goal, then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room and half didn’t. Then everyone was give 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal. But they were told that they could stop an any time.

帮你记单词：

③acknowledge[əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ] v.承认(属实);承认(权威、地位);告知收悉

ac 去往 + knowledge(know知道 + ledge 名词后缀)——处于知道的状态——承认

She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.

她拒不承认改革的必要性。

④substitution [ˌsʌbstɪ'tuʃ(ə)n]  n.置换;取代;代换;代入

substitute 代替者，代替物  + ion 名词后缀 —— 代替

Substitute[ˈsʌbstɪtuːt] n.代替者;代替物;代用品;替补(运动员) v.(以…)代替;取代

sub 下 + stit 站 + ute 名词或动词后缀 —— 被放到下面 —— 代替者，代替物

a substitute family   收养家庭

Now, those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes, on average and when asked afterwards, said that they felt that they had a long way to go still to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.

So, if this is true, what can we do?

Well, you could resist the temptation to announce your goal and you can delay the gratification that the social ackonwledgement brings, and you can understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing. But if you do need to talk about something, you can state it in a way that gives you no satisfaction. Such as, “I really want to run this marathon, so I need to train five times a week and kick my ass if I don’t, okay?

So audience, next time you’re tempted to tell someone your goal, what will you say? (silence) Exactly, well done.

帮你记单词：

⑤temptation [tempˈteɪʃn]  n.引诱;诱惑;煽诱人的事物

tempt 尝试 + ation 复合名词后缀 —— 想尝试一下 —— 诱惑 

⑥audience [ˈɑːdiəns]  n.(戏剧、音乐会或演讲等的)观众，听众;(同一事物的)观众，读者;(与要人的)会见;觐见;进见

audi 听 + ence 名词后缀 → 听的人 → 听众 

audio 音频，video 视频 

The debate was televised in front of a live audience .

这场辩论当着现场观众的面进行电视转播。

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