纽约时报：美国限制中共党员及家属赴美旅行

Love English 2 2022-12-23

U.S. Tightens Visa Rules for Chinese Communist Party Members

孟建国, RAYMOND ZHONG，The New York Time,s Nov 3rd, 2020

作者：孟建国, RAYMOND ZHONG，纽约时报，发布于2020年12月3日

作者介绍：孟建国(Paul Mozur)是时报科技记者。他主要报道亚洲科技和地缘政治的交叉领域。他曾两次入围普利策奖。欢迎在Twitter上关注他 @paulmozur。

Raymond Zhong是《纽约时报》科技记者。在2017年加入时报前，他在新德里为《华尔街日报》报道印度快速增长的经济。

3月，纽约肯尼迪国际机场的入境检查区域。一项新政策大幅限制了某些中国公民在美国的停留时间。EDUARDO MUNOZ/REUTERS

The Trump administration on Wednesday issued new rules to curtail travel to the United States by members of the Chinese Communist Party and their immediate families, a move certain to further exacerbate tensions between the two countries.

川普政府周三发布新规，限制中国共产党党员及其直系亲属赴美旅行，此举无疑将进一步加剧两国之间的紧张关系。

The new policy, which took immediate effect, limits the maximum validity of travel visas for party members and their families to one month and a single entry, according to two people familiar with the matter. A State Department spokesman said in an emailed statement it was reducing the validity of visas for party members from 10 years to one month.

据两名知情人士透露，这项新政将中共党员及其家属的旅行签证最长有效期限制在单月单次入境，立即生效。国务院发言人在一份电子邮件声明中表示，将把党员签证的有效期从10年缩短到一个月。

Previously, party members, like other Chinese citizens, could obtain visitor visas for the United States of up to 10 years in duration. The new measures do not affect party members’ eligibility for other kinds of visas, such as immigration, one of the people added.

在此之前，中共党员和其他中国公民一样，可以获得最长10年的赴美旅游签证。其中一名知情人士补充称，新措施将不会影响党员获得移民等其他签证的资格。

In principle, the policy change could affect the travel of roughly 270 million people — China has about 92 million Communist Party members — though in practice, it might be difficult to determine who, apart from high-level officials, belongs to the party. The new visa rules add to the now yearslong conflict between the two countries on trade, technology and much else.

原则上，这一政策变化可能会影响大约2.7亿人的旅行——中国约有9200万共产党员——然而在实际操作中，除了高级官员外，可能很难确定谁是党员。新的签证规定加剧了两国在贸易、技术和其他诸多方面已持续数年的冲突。

According to the people familiar with the rules, the new guidelines allow American officials to make a determination about someone’s party status based on their visa application and interview, as well as officials’ local understanding of Communist Party membership. That could mean that the policy disproportionately hits China’s top government and business leaders rather than the millions of lower-level members who join the party to get a leg up in areas as varied as business and the arts.

据知情人士透露，新的指导方针允许美国官员根据个人的签证申请和面谈情况，及其对当地共产党员身份的了解，来确定他的党籍。这可能意味着，这项政策将对中国高层政界和商界领袖造成打击，而非数百万为了在商业和艺术等领域获得优势而入党的较低级别党员。

A spokesman for the State Department said the move was a part of “ongoing policy, regulatory, and law-enforcement action across the U.S. government to protect our nation from the C.C.P.’s malign influence.”

国务院一名发言人表示，这一举动是“美国政府为保护我们国家不受中国共产党影响力侵害的持续的政策、监管和执法行动”的一部分。

“For decades we allowed the C.C.P. free and unfettered access to U.S. institutions and businesses while these same privileges were never extended freely to U.S. citizens in China,” he added in an emailed statement.

“四十年来，我们允许中共自由、任意地接触美国的机构和商业，而在中国的美国公民却从未自由地享有过同样的特权，”他在一封邮件声明中补充说。

新的签证规定将是拜登政府面临的又一挑战。KRISTON JAE BETHEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

The new rules are likely to raise hackles in Beijing for targeting the heart of China’s ruling elite. Even so, the restrictions are more moderate than an outright ban on travel by party members, which Trump administration officials had discussed this summer.

新规可能因其针对中国执政精英群体的核心而在北京激起愤怒。即便如此，这一限制仍比全面禁止共和党员赴美旅行更为温和，川普政府官员在今年夏天曾讨论过该计划。

Such restrictions are likely to prompt retaliation from China’s government, though travel between China and the United States has already been hugely limited by the pandemic. In 2018, almost three million Chinese citizens traveled to the United States.

这样的限制将有可能引发中国政府的报复，尽管中美之间的旅行已因大流行受到严重限制。2018年，有近300万中国公民前往美国旅行。

Coming in the twilight of the Trump administration, the new rules and the likely Chinese retaliation will be yet another challenge to the incoming administration of President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr., who is inheriting a U.S.-China relationship that is in its worst state since the normalization of diplomatic ties in 1979.

在川普政府即将谢幕之际出台的这项新规，以及中国可能采取的报复行动，将是对即将上任的当选总统拜登政府的又一挑战。他将接手的美中关系目前处于自1979年两国外交关系正常化以来最坏的情况。

While some have expected a reset of relations from Mr. Biden, his views on China have hardened since he was vice president under President Barack Obama. Mr. Biden appears to be committed to leaving in place many of the tough measures taken by the Trump administration, including tariffs and restrictions on Chinese technology. Chinese officials have worried that Mr. Biden will be more effective at leading a broader global pushback against China. Under Mr. Trump, the State Department has also announced other visa restrictions on various categories of Chinese citizens.

尽管有人希望拜登能实现两国关系的重置，但自在奥巴马政府担任副总统以来，他的对华态度已经变得更为强硬。拜登似乎将致力于保留川普政府采取的许多强硬措施，包括关税和对中国技术的限制。中国官员担心，拜登将更有效地领导全球范围内对中国的抵制。在川普的领导下，国务院还宣布了针对各类中国公民的其他签证限制。

In May, American officials said the government was canceling the visas of graduate- or higher-level students in the United States who had ties to certain Chinese military institutions. Chinese students make up the largest group of international students in the country.

今年5月，美国官员表示，政府将取消与某些中国军事院校有联系的美国研究生或更高级别学生的签证。中国学生是美国最大的国际学生群体。

来源：时文英语