Lesson 10 Silicon valley
First listen and then answer the following question.What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy? Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We're got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'
And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge righter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph. D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.
US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2, 1989New words and expressions生词和短语
...a thin layer of silicon oxide...integrated [ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd] adj. 综合的integrate [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt] v.整合;(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体integr 完整 + ate 动词后缀 → 使结合an integrated transport system (= including buses, trains, taxis, etc.) an integrated school (= attended by students of all races and religions) circuit [ˈsɜːrkɪt] n. 线路,电路circ圆,环 + u + it 走 → 环行;电路The earth takes a year to make a circuit of (= go around) the sun.Integration and Study of the System for Medical Imaging Processing Workstation A silicon chip is a very small piece of silicon with electronic circuits on it which is part of a computer or other piece of machinery.newsletter [ˈnuːzletər] n. 时事通讯The organization now has around 18,000 members who receive a quarterly newsletter. 该组织现有大约18,000名成员,他们会收到一份内部通讯季刊。Macintosh [ˈmækənˌtɔʃ] n. 苹果机,一种个人电脑I even successfully ran it on an Apple Macintosh laptop. 我甚至成功地在一部苹果Macintosh笔记本电脑上运行了它(Windows7)。penalize [ˈpiːnəlaɪz] v. 处罚,惩罚penal〔= pen〕惩罚 + ize 动词后缀 → 处罚penal [ˈpiːnl] adj.惩罚的;刑罚的;应受刑罚的;严重的;严厉的You will be penalized for poor spelling.customize [ˈkʌstəmaɪz] v. 按顾客具体需要制造custom [ˈkʌstəm] n.风俗;习俗;(个人的)习惯,习性,惯常行为;(顾客对商店的)惠顾,光顾 adj.定做(制)的英语单词custom含有“习俗”和“海关、关税”两个意思。这两个意思是怎么联系在一起的呢?原来,custom的本意是“习俗、惯例”,而它所包含“海关、关税”是因为缴纳关税原本是一种惯例。外地商人向当地领主缴纳保护费的做法是一种历史悠长的惯例。早在古希腊时代,雅典成为爱琴海沿岸的商贸中心。外地商人为了保障自己在当地的贸易权利和利益,就向雅典城邦当局赠送礼物。后来,雅典以使用其港口为名,正式向来往商品征收一定比例的费用。在英国,外地商人进入某地进行商贸活动时,需要向当地领主缴纳一项例行的入市费,称为customary tolls。因此,英语单词custom便衍生了“关税”的含义,通常用其复数形式。后来,custom又可以用来表示征收关税的场所,即海关。custom:['kʌstəm] n.习俗,惯例;关税,海关;经常光顾,老顾客adj.定做的,定制的customer:['kʌstəmə] n.(老)顾客,海关工作人员You can customize the software in several ways.The band's album spawned a string of hit singles.thri (=three,三 → 多) + ve → 兴旺New businesses thrive in this area.anarchy [ˈænərki] n. 无政府状态,混乱There was complete anarchy in the classroom when their usual teacher was away.oriental [ˌɔːriˈentl] n. 东方人orient 东方 + al 形容词或名词后缀 → 东方的
The Orientals use no butter. They prefer the very healthful peanut oil.东方人不吃黄油,他们更喜欢对健康非常有益处的花生油。constitute [ˈkɑːnstɪtuːt] v. 构成con 共同 + stitut 建立;放 + e → 一起建立 → 构成;制定
Female workers constitute the majority of the labour force.People were leaving the countryside in droves to look for work in the cities.innovator [ˈɪnəveɪtər] n. 发明者innovate + or 名词后缀,表人 → 发明者innovate [ˈɪnəveɪt] v.引入(新事物、思想或方法);创新;改革in 进入 + nov (=new)新 + ate 动词后缀 → 使焕然一新 → 革新,创新renovate [ˈrenəveɪt] vt.修复 ;翻新;修复;重新粉刷re 一再 + nov 新的 + ate动词后缀 → 更新 → 翻新He is an innovator in this field.
He forged through the crowds to the front of the stage.California [ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə] n. 加利福尼亚(美国州名)AT & T 美国电话电报公司 (American Telephone and Telegraph)Kansas [ˈkænzəs] n. 堪萨斯(美国州名)Missouri [məˈzʊri] n. 密苏里(美国州名)参考译文
技术的发展趋势有可能把硅谷重新推向未来。卡弗.米德 -- 集成电路的一位先驱,加州理工学院的计算机教授 -- 注意到,现在有些计算机工作站使工程技术人员可以在他们的办公桌上设计、试验和生产芯片,就像一位编辑在苹果机上编出一份时事通讯一样。由于制造一块芯片的时间已缩短至几天,费用也只有几百美元,因此,工程技术人员可能很块就可充分发挥他们的想像力,而不会因失败而造成经济上的损失。米德预言发明者可以在办公室用一个周末的时间生产了完美的、功能很强的、按客户需求设计的芯片 -- 造就新一代从汽车间起家的技术人员,在把产品推向市场方面使美国把它的外国对手们打个措手不及。“我们有更多的汽车间,那里有许多聪明人,”米德说。“我们确实是靠这种无政府状态发展起来的。” 靠的是亚洲人。
硅谷许多公司中工程技术人员的大多数是东方人和亚裔美国人。中国、韩国、菲律宾和印度的工程师一批批地从加州的大学毕业。作为新掘起一代的带头人,亚裔发明家可以凭借他们在习惯和语言上的优势,与关键的太平洋沿岸市场建立起更加牢固的联系。比如说,亚历克斯.奥,一位来自香港的斯坦福大学博士,已经在台湾建厂,对日本在内存条市场上近似垄断的局面提出了挑战。印度出生的N.达莫达.雷迪经营的小小的加州公司在堪萨斯城重新启用了美国电话电报公司的一家芯片工厂,并从密苏里州获取了财政上的支持。在硅谷变成一个退休村之前,它很可能成为建立全球商业的一个教学场地。
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