CiteSpace术语解释

GLOSSARIES & REFERENCES

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Betweenness centrality	A metric of a node in a network that measures how likely  an arbitrary shortest path in the network will go through the node. ·            Freeman, L. C. (1979).  Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks,  1, 215-239. ·            Brandes, U. A faster  algorithm for betweenness centrality. Journal of Mathematical Sociology,   25, 2 (2001), 163-177.
Burst terms	Single or multi-word phrases extracted from the title,  abstract, or other fields of a bibliographic record and the frequency of the  term bursts, i.e. sharply increases, over a period of time. ·            Kleinberg, J. Bursty and  hierarchical structure in streams. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGKDD  International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2002), ACM Press, 2002, 91-101.
Citation	An instance that a publication references to another  publication. ·            Price, D. D. Networks of  scientific papers. Science, 149 (1965), 510-515. ·            Garfield, E., Citation Indexing: Its Theory and  Applications in Science, Technology, and Humanities. 1979, New York: John Wiley.
Citation half-life	The number of years that a publication receives half of  its citations since its publication.
Citation tree-rings	Outwards growing rings of a node to depict its time  series of citations. The thickness of a ring is proportional to the citations  in the corresponding year.
Cluster view	A network is visualized in a modified spring-embedder  node placement algorithm.
Co-authors	Authors who appear in the author field of the same  bibliographic record.
Co-citation	An instance in which two items, such as authors,  documents, or journals, that are cited by a publication. ·            Small, H. G. A co-citation  model of a scientific specialty: A longitudinal study of collagen research. Soc.  Stud. Sci., 7 (1977), 139-166. ·            Braam, R.R., H.F. Moed, and  A.F.J.v. Raan, Mapping of science by combined co-citation and word analysis  II: Dynamical aspects. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,  1991. 42(4): p. 252-266. ·            White, H.D. and K.W. McCain,  Visualizing a discipline: An author co-citation analysis of information  science, 1972-1995. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,  1998. 49(4): p. 327-356. ·            Chen, C. (2003) . Springer.
Color map	A spectrum of colors used by CiteSpace to depict  temporal order of observations.
EM clustering	Expectation Maximization (EM) clustering nodes based on  various attributes such as citations, citation half-life, and betweenness  centrality. The use of temporal attributes can help the visualization of  emerging trends. ·            Dempster, A.,  N. Laird, and D. Rubin, Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM  algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 1977. 39(1):  p. 1-38. ·            Witten, I.H. and E. Frank, Data Mining:  Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques with Java Implementations.  1999: Morgan Kaufmann. 416. ·            Chen, C.  (2005) Measuring the movement of a research paradigm. Visualization and  Data Analysis (). San Jose, CA. Jan. 17-18, 2005. SPIE. pp. 63-76. http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cc345/papers/vda2005.pdf
MeSH terms	Medical Subject Heading terms are a set of controlled  vocabulary compiled by the National Library of Medicine. CiteSpace shows MeSH  terms assigned to nodes if there are matches in PubMed.
Pathfinder network scaling	A network scaling algorithm that removes links that  violate triangle inequality conditions so as to simplify a network by  retaining salient links and paths only. ·            Schvaneveldt,  R. W. (ed.), Pathfinder Associative Networks: Studies in Knowledge  Organization. Ablex Publishing Corporations, Norwood, New Jersey, 1990. ·            Chen, C.  (1997) . ACM  Conference on Hypertext (Hypertext’97). Southampton, UK. ACM Press. pp. 177-186. http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cc345/papers/ht97.pdf ·            Chen, C.  (1998) . Interacting with  Computers, 10, 107-128. ·            Chen, C.  & Paul, R. J. (2001) . IEEE  Computer, 34(3), 65-71.
Pivotal points	see Turning points.
Publication types	Study design types extracted from PubMed for clinical  trial studies, including meta-analysis and randomized clinical trials.
Spotlight	Visualized networks rendered by fading out links that  are not connecting pivotal points.
Thresholds	Selection criteria used by CiteSpace – items must have  measures above threshold values to be included in modeling and visualization  processes.
Time slicing	A divide-and-conquer strategy that divides a period of  time into a series of smaller windows. ·            Chen, C. Searching for  intellectual turning points: Progressive Knowledge Domain Visualization. Proc.  Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101 (2004), 5303-5310. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/0307513100v1.pdf
Time-zone view	A restricted view in which the movement of nodes is  limited to vertical time zones corresponding to the time of their  publication.
Turning points	Nodes of high betweenness centralities (> 1.00). Such  nodes tend to be critical in network transitions from one time slice to  another. ·            Chen, C.  (2005) Int'l Conf. on  Intelligent User Interfaces ().San Diego, CA. January 9 - 12, 2005. ACM Press.  pp. 98-105.