TED | 音乐的力量
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音乐的力量
José Antonio Abreu
艺术 TED 音乐
极富个人魅力的荷塞·安东尼奥·阿布吕尔是委内瑞拉青少年乐团项目“el Systema（体系）”的创始人，这个项目改变了委内瑞拉无数孩子的生命。在这个视频里，阿布吕尔和大家分享这个神奇的故事，并揭密自己的TED大奖愿望，这个愿望对美国和美国以外的区域也将产生巨大的影响。
#英文讲稿#
00:00
Chris Anderson: Let's now see the extraordinary speech that we captured a couple weeks ago.
00:05
(Music)
00:14
Jose Antonio Abreu: My dear friends, ladies and gentlemen, I am overjoyed today at being awarded the TED Prize on behalf of all the distinguished music teachers, artists and educators from Venezuela who have selflessly and loyally accompanied me for 35 years in founding, growing and developing in Venezuela the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras and Choirs.
00:55
Since I was a boy, in my early childhood, I always wanted to be a musician, and, thank God, I made it. From my teachers, my family and my community, I had all the necessary support to become a musician. All my life I've dreamedthat all Venezuelan children have the same opportunity that I had. From that desire and from my heart stemmed the idea to make music a deep and global reality for my country.
01:39
From the very first rehearsal, I saw the bright future ahead. Because the rehearsal meant a great challenge to me. I had received a donation of 50 music stands to be used by 100 boys in that rehearsal. When I arrived at the rehearsal, only 11 kids had shown up, and I said to myself, "Do I close the program or multiply these kids?" I decided to face the challenge, and on that same night, I promised those 11 children I'd turn our orchestra into one of the leading orchestras in the world. Two months ago, I remembered that promise I made, when a distinguished English critic published an article in the London Times, asking who could be the winner of the Orchestra World Cup. He mentioned four great world orchestras, and the fifth one was Venezuela's Youth Symphony Orchestra. Today we can say that art in Latin America is no longer a monopoly of elites and that it has become a social right, a right for all the people.
03:10
Child: There is no difference here between classes, nor white or black, nor if you have money or not. Simply, if you are talented, if you have the vocation and the will to be here, you get in. You share with us and make music.
03:27
JA: During the recent tour by the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela of U.S. and Europe, we saw how our music moved young audiences to the bottom of their souls, how children and adolescents rushed up to the stage to receive the jackets from our musicians, how the standing ovations, sometimes 30 minutes long, seemed to last forever,and how the public, after the concert was over, went out into the street to greet our young people in triumph. This meant not only an artistic triumph, but also a profound emotional sympathy between the public of the most advanced nations of the world and the musical youth of Latin America, as seen in Venezuela, giving these audiences a message of music, vitality, energy, enthusiasm and strength.
04:44
In its essence, the orchestra and the choir are much more than artistic structures. They are examples and schools of social life, because to sing and to play together means to intimately coexist toward perfection and excellence,following a strict discipline of organization and coordination in order to seek the harmonic interdependence of voices and instruments. That's how they build a spirit of solidarity and fraternity among them, develop their self-esteem and foster the ethical and aesthetical values related to the music in all its senses. This is why music is immensely importantin the awakening of sensibility, in the forging of values and in the training of youngsters to teach other kids.
05:50
Child: After all this time here, music is life. Nothing else. Music is life.
06:00
JA: Each teenager and child in El Sistema has his own story, and they are all important and of great significance to me.Let me mention the case of Edicson Ruiz. He is a boy from a parish in Caracas who passionately attended to his double bass lessons at the San Agustin's Junior Orchestra. With his effort, and the support of his mother, his family and his community, he became a principal member in the double bass segment of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. We have another well-known case -- Gustavo Dudamel. He started as a boy member of the children's orchestra in his hometown, Barquisimeto. There, he grew as a violinist and as a conductor. He became the conductor of Venezuela's junior orchestras, and today conducts the world's greatest orchestras. He is the musical director of Los Angeles Philharmonic, and is still the overall leader of Venezuela's junior orchestras. He was the conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, and he's an unbeatable example for young musicians in Latin America and the world.
07:30
The structure of El Sistema is based on a new and flexible managing style adapted to the features of each community and region, and today attends to 300,000 children of the lower and middle class all over Venezuela. It's a program of social rescue and deep cultural transformation designed for the whole Venezuelan society with absolutely no distinctions whatsoever, but emphasizing the vulnerable and endangered social groups.
08:14
The effect of El Sistema is felt in three fundamental circles: in the personal/social circle, in the family circle and in the community. In the personal/social circle, the children in the orchestras and choirs develop their intellectual and emotional side. The music becomes a source for developing the dimensions of the human being, thus elevating the spirit and leading man to a full development of his personality. So, the emotional and intellectual profits are huge -- the acquisition of leadership, teaching and training principles, the sense of commitment, responsibility, generosity and dedication to others, and the individual contribution to achieve great collective goals. All this leads to the development of self-esteem and confidence.
09:26
Mother Teresa of Calcutta insisted on something that always impressed me: the most miserable and tragic thing about poverty is not the lack of bread or roof, but the feeling of being no-one -- the feeling of not being anyone, the lack of identification, the lack of public esteem. That's why the child's development in the orchestra and the choir provides him with a noble identity and makes him a role model for his family and community. It makes him a better student at schoolbecause it inspires in him a sense of responsibility, perseverance and punctuality that will greatly help him at school.
10:32
Within the family, the parents' support is unconditional. The child becomes a role model for both his parents, and this is very important for a poor child. Once the child discovers he is important to his family, he begins to seek new ways of improving himself and hopes better for himself and his community. Also, he hopes for social and economic improvements for his own family. All this makes up a constructive and ascending social dynamic. The large majority of our children belong, as I already mentioned, to the most vulnerable strata of the Venezuelan population. That encourages them to embrace new dreams, new goals, and progress in the various opportunities that music has to offer.
11:34
Finally, in the circle of the community, the orchestras prove to be the creative spaces of culture and sources of exchange and new meanings. The spontaneity music has excludes it as a luxury item and makes it a patrimony of society. It's what makes a child play a violin at home, while his father works in his carpentry. It's what makes a little girl play the clarinet at home, while her mother does the housework. The idea is that the families join with pride and joy in the activities of the orchestras and the choirs that their children belong to. The huge spiritual world that music produces in itself, which also lies within itself, ends up overcoming material poverty. From the minute a child's taught how to play an instrument, he's no longer poor. He becomes a child in progress heading for a professional level, who'll later become a full citizen. Needless to say that music is the number one prevention against prostitution, violence, bad habits, and everything degrading in the life of a child.
13:05
A few years ago, historian Arnold Toynbee said that the world was suffering a huge spiritual crisis. Not an economic or social crisis, but a spiritual one. I believe that to confront such a crisis, only art and religion can give proper answers to humanity, to mankind's deepest aspirations, and to the historic demands of our times. Education -- the synthesis of wisdom and knowledge -- is the means to strive for a more perfect, more aware, more noble and more just society.
14:02
With passion and enthusiasm we pay profound respects to TED for its outstanding humanism, the scope of its principles, for its open and generous promotion of young values. We hope that TED can contribute in a full and fundamental way to the building of this new era in the teaching of music, in which the social, communal, spiritual and vindicatory aims of the child and the adolescent become a beacon and a goal for a vast social mission. No longer putting society at the service of art, and much less at the services of monopolies of the elite, but instead art at the service of society, at the service of the weakest, at the service of the children, at the service of the sick, at the service of the vulnerable, and at the service of all those who cry for vindication through the spirit of their human condition and the raising up of their dignity.
15:34
(Music)
15:39
CA: We are going live now to Caracas. We are going live to Caracas to hear Maestro Abreu's TED Prize wish.
15:48
JA: Here is my TED Prize wish: I wish that you'll help to create and document a special training program for 50 gifted young musicians, passionate about their art and social justice, and dedicated to bringing El Sistema to the United States and other countries. Thank you very much.
#中文讲稿#
00:00
克里斯.安德森：让我们一起来领略这个精彩的演讲吧。它摄制于几周前。
00:05
（音乐）2009年2月，加拉加斯，委内瑞拉。
00:14
荷塞.安东尼奥.阿布吕尔：我亲爱的朋友，女士们，先生们，我今天非常高兴被授予本年度的TED大奖。这个奖属于委内瑞拉全体优秀的音乐教师们，艺术家和教育工作者们他们在过去35年一直无私和忠诚地陪伴着我一起为遍及委内瑞拉全国的青少年乐队与合唱队项目筹集资金、为它的发展和壮大而努力。
00:55
当我还是个男孩子时那时候我还很小我就一心想当个音乐家，感谢上帝，我成功了。我的老师们、我的家人和我的社区，都在我成长为音乐家的道路上给与了许多必要的支持。我此生一直梦想让委内瑞拉所有的孩子都能享有和我一样的机会。因为这个愿望我心里树立了一个理想：让音乐广泛而深入地植根于我们的国家。
01:39
从第一次排练开始，我就看到了光明的未来。因为这次排练对我是一次巨大的挑战。那次别人捐了50个乐谱架给我，预备着给100个孩子排练时用。当我来到排练的场地，发现只来了11个孩子。我就对自己说，“我是应该停止这个项目呢，还是使参与的孩子数量成倍增加呢？”我决定接受挑战，就在那个晚上，我向这11个孩子承诺，我一定会把我们的乐队变成世界上最好的乐队之一。两个月前，我想起了自己当年的承诺，因为一位著名的英国乐评人在伦敦《时代》杂志上发表了一篇文章，讨论如果交响乐团有世界杯赛，哪支乐团将名列前茅。他提到了4支世界一流乐团，而第五个名字就是委内瑞拉青少年交响乐团。今天我们完全可以说拉丁美洲的艺术不再只由精英阶层所专享它已经成为全社会的权利，为全体人民所享有。
03:10
受访孩子：在这里没有阶层区别，也不管你的皮肤是什么颜色，你是贫穷还是富有。很简单，只要你有才华，只要你有使命感和来这里的强烈愿望。你参与，你分享，你演奏音乐。
03:27
博士：委内瑞拉的西蒙玻利瓦尔青年管弦乐团最近的巡演包括美国和欧洲我们能看到我们的音乐如何打动年轻的听众们如何直抵他们的心灵。孩子和青少年们如何冲向舞台争抢演奏者抛下来的外套。观众们如何热情地站立鼓掌，有时甚至长达30多分钟，掌声好像永远不会停止似的，公众在演出结束之后，如何向我们的年轻人致以胜利的祝贺。这不单止是艺术的胜利，也是世界上最发达国家的人们和年轻的拉美音乐家之间深沉的情感共鸣，在委内瑞拉也一样，它向观众传达的信息包括音乐、活力、能量热诚和力量。
04:44
本质上，交响乐团与合唱团远不只是艺术组织。他们就是社会生活的样板和学校，因为在一起唱歌和演奏意味着要紧密相处一起为达到完美和杰出而努力，保持严格的组织纪律性和合作精神以寻求声音和乐器之间的和谐共存。这是他们培养团队意识和互助精神的方式，塑造自尊自爱之心培育他们的伦理和美学价值观从各方面都和音乐产生联系。这是音乐如此重要的原因音乐唤醒情感，塑造价值观念训练年轻人去辅导别的孩子。
05:50
受访孩子：经过在这里学习的日子，音乐已经成了我的生命。没什么可说的。音乐就是生命。
06:00
博士：这个项目里的每个年轻人和孩子都有自己的故事，对我来说，他们都非常重要，意义深远。我举个例子，一个名叫埃迪森.鲁兹的男孩来自首都加拉加斯的一个教区他充满热忱地学习低音提琴在圣奥古斯丁青年管弦乐团。通过自身的努力，还有他母亲、家人和社区的支持他已经成为柏林爱乐乐团低音提琴部的一名重要成员。我们另一个知名的例子就是古斯塔夫杜达梅尔（现今当红知名指挥）。他起初加入了在家乡巴基西梅托的一个儿童乐团。在那儿他学习小提琴然后学指挥。现在他已经是委内瑞拉青少年交响乐团的指挥。同时他还在世界上多个最著名的交响乐团担任指挥。他是洛杉矶爱乐乐团的音乐总监，还担任委内瑞拉青少年交响乐队的总监。他还曾是哥德堡交响乐团的指挥。他是拉美和世界年轻音乐家里无可争议的榜样。
07:30
我们的项目名为ElSistema（即西班牙语中的“体系”）它采用的是一种新型而灵活的管理方式能灵活地适应每个社区和地区的自身特点现在有超过30万来自中低下阶层的孩子参与到这个项目来遍及委内瑞拉全国。它也是一个社会拯救项目和深层的文化改造目标人群是委内瑞拉全社会我们摈弃任何形式的歧视，但更侧重于关注弱势和式微的社会阶层。
08:14
ElSistema的影响力主要体现在3个方面--在个人/社会层面，家庭层面，以及社区层面。在个人/社会层面，在交响乐团与合唱团的孩子们他们的智力和情感得以发展。音乐成为帮助人类在各方面发展的源泉。它使人们的精神得到升华使人的天性得以全面发展。人类的情感和智力因此获益良多--学会如何领导、教学、训练的方法培养归宿感，责任感，慷慨与奉献之心以及个人如何为实现伟大的集体共同目标而努力。这些获益能促成自尊自信之心的形成。
09:26
加尔各答的特蕾莎修女她的一个信念一直令我动容--关于贫穷最可怜和最悲惨的事情并不是没有面包可吃，没有房子可住，而是根本没有自我意识。缺乏存在感，缺少自我认同，不被尊重。这就是为什么在乐团和合唱团中的成长过程，能让孩子们感受到尊重使他们成为家庭和社区的模范榜样。使他们在学校里成为更好的学生因为这会激发他们的责任感，毅力和守时等品质也使他在学校有更好的表现。
10:32
在家庭中，父母们无条件地支持我们的项目。在他们眼里，孩子成了家里的模范。这对穷孩子来说异常重要。一旦孩子们意识到自己对家庭很重要，他就会尽力提升自己对自己和社区抱有更高的期望。另外，他也会希望自己家庭的社会和经济地位得到提高。所有这些都会形成一种合力，推动社会进入富有建设性的积极上升的通道。如前所述，我们这个项目里大部分的孩子，都来自委内瑞拉最穷困的阶层。参与这个项目使他们能拥有新的梦想，新的目标，在这些音乐所赐的机遇面前他们获得了长足的进步。
11:34
最后，在社区层面，事实证明乐团是个有创造性的文化组织是观念交流和新意层出的源泉，音乐的美自然而生所以它不会沦为奢侈品，而只会是全社会共享的财富。因此，当家中的孩子演奏小提琴时，父亲在旁边做着木工活。当家中的小女孩演奏单簧管时，妈妈在旁边做着家务。我们的理念是，在孩子们参与的乐团与合唱团活动中整个家庭共享骄傲和喜悦。音乐自身创造的强大精神世界，就在于音乐本身，它能克服物质上的贫乏。从孩子学习演奏乐器的那一刻开始，他就不再贫穷，他成了一个正向着职业水平迈进的孩子，他迟早会成长为一个合格的全面发展的公民。更不用说，音乐是首选的抵御卖淫、暴力、坏习惯的方式，它能使孩子们免受各种负面恶习的侵蚀。
13:05
几年前，历史学家阿诺德.汤因比就指出当今世界正面临巨大的精神危机。这种危机不是经济危机或社会危机，而是精神上的。我认为要面对这种危机，只有艺术和宗教才能为人性、和人类最深切的渴望，以及我们时代的历史需要等问题，找到正确的答案。教育是承载智慧和知识的综合体，是建立更完美、更明智更高尚和更公正社会的正途。
14:02
满怀激情和热忱地，我们向TED致以诚挚的敬意为它杰出的人文精神，它崇高的理念，和它公开而慷慨的宣扬年轻人的价值观。我们希望TED能全面而有效地帮助建立一个全新的音乐教育体系，在这个新体系里，孩子和青少年的社会和社区责任感、他们的精神追求就是整个社会应该努力的目标。社会不再是为艺术服务，更不是为精英阶层垄断的艺术服务，相反，艺术应当服务于社会，服务于弱势群体，服务于儿童，服务于老弱病残，服务于那些寻求公义的人们。所用的方法，就是改变这些人的精神状态提升他们的尊严。
15:34
（音乐）
15:39
主持人：我们回到加拉加斯的现场。我们现在正和加拉加斯进行现场连线我们来听听阿布吕尔大师的TED大奖愿望。
15:48
阿布吕尔：以下就是我的TED大奖愿望--我希望TED能够帮助创建和起草，一份特别的培训计划，挑选50名富有才华的音乐家加以培养，他们热心于艺术和社会公义，致力于把音乐培养体系"EISistema”项目的模式引入美国和其他国家。非常感谢大家。
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