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只需20个小时，你就能学会任何事情

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Josh Kaufman

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社会 技能 心理 TED 演讲

| 简介

Josh Kaufman通过研究发现，只需要20个小时，你就可以学会任何你想学的东西，不管是一门语言、一项技术还是一种乐器，只要懂得适当的方法，都可以快速的掌握。

| 中英文演讲稿

中文讲稿

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大家好。我有许多喜欢做的事，而学习新事物就是其中一件。习得一个新的才艺需要多久呢？你知道我的发现吗？1万个小时？不不不不不！这样我再也不可能学习到任何新的东西。

事实并非如此。一万小时法则出自于一些达到专家级成就的研究结果。职业运动选手、世界级音乐大师这些在各领域中的顶尖人物都投入了约1万个小时来演练学习，但是真的需要1万个小时来学新的技能吗？其实不然。

这是学习曲线，而这说明了，在刚开始学习时你是完全不会的。我想你也知道。而再来一点点的练习，你很快就可以达到相当好的水准，然后在某个点之后你会到达稳定时期，且随后水准的提升将变得更难，那需要多久时间来让我们从一个完全不会的状态到表现出合理的好水平呢？我的研究告诉我：20个小时而已。

如果你投入20个小时刻意地完全专注于某件事的练习，你可以从完全不懂提升到让你自己惊讶的水准。20个小时是可行的。这大约是每天45分钟，持续约一个月。做这个有诀窍。

第一是将这个才艺技能解构，决定你确切想要达到的水准，并将它拆解成许多小单元。你越能够决定技能的哪些部分是可以真正协助达成目标的，你将越有可能在最短的时间内来提升你的成果。

第二是学到足以自我矫正准备3-5个关于你正试着要学的东西的资源 - 可以是书籍、可以是课程任何东西都可以。你要做的就是学到让自己确实可以独自练习和自我修正。注意自己所犯的错误，然后一点一点改变。

第三是移除任何练习时的障碍 - 让人分心的东西、电视、网路。

第四项就是至少练习20个小时。注意，大部份的技能学习时都会出现我所谓的挫折障碍。无论想学什么，自我许诺至少练习20个小时，你将能克服一开始的的挫折障碍，而能继续练习，坚持到时间长度确实足以获得回馈。就是这样，这并不难。

学习新事物的主要障碍并不是智能上的问题，而情绪上的体验自己的愚蠢会让人觉得不愉快，而在刚开始新的学习时，你会觉得自己真的愚不可及。但是就投入20个小时吧。

想要学新的语言？

想要练习厨艺？

想要学习绘画？

跨出那一步，努力去做吧！

这只需要20个小时。祝大家学得开心！

The End

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英文讲稿

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Hi everyone. One of the things that I enjoy is learning new things. How long does it take to acquire a new skill? You know what I found? 10,000 hours?! Nooooooo! I am never going to be able to learn anything new ever again. But that's not true. The 10,000 hour rule came out of studies of expert level performance. Professional athletes, world class musicians.

The folks at the tippy top of their fields put in around 10,000 hours of practice. But that last statement- it takes 10,000 hours to learn something? It's not true. This is the learning curve, and the story of the learning curve is when you start you're grossly incompetent and you know it. With a little bit of practice, you get really good really quick and then at a certain point you reach a plateau and the subsequent gains become much harder to get. How long does it take from starting something and being grossly incompetent and knowing it to being reasonably good? Here's what my research says: 20 hours, that's it.

You can go from knowing nothing- if you put 20 hours of focused deliberate practice into that thing, you will be astounded at how good you are. 20 hours is do-able, it's about 45 minutes a day for about a month. There's a method to doing this. The first is to deconstruct the skill, decide exactly what you want to be able to do and break it down into smaller and smaller pieces. The more you're able to decide what are the parts of this skill that will actually help me get to what I want, you'll be able to improve your performance in the least amount of time possible. The second is learn enough to self-correct. Get 3 to 5 resources about what it is you're trying to learn- it could be books, could be courses, could be anything.

 What you want to do is learn just enough that you can actually practice and self-correct. Noticing when you're making a mistake and then doing something a little different. The third is to remove barriers to practice- distractions, television, internet. And the fourth is to practice for at least 20 hours. Now, most skills have what I call a frustration barrier. By pre-committing to practicing whatever it is that you want to do for at least 20 hours, you will be able to overcome that initial frustration barrier and stick with the practice long enough to actually reap the rewards. That's it, it's not rocket science.

The major barrier to learning something new is not intellectual. The major barrier is emotional. Feeling stupid doesn't feel good and the beginning of learning anything new... you feel really stupid. But, put 20 hours into anything. Do you want to learn a language?

Do you want to learn how to cook? Do you want to learn how to draw? Go out and do that thing. It only takes 20 hours. Have fun. 

The End

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