10.21早读 | 去和那些与你有分歧的人交谈，而不是嘲讽他们
今天是Gwen陪你早读的第 1441天哦！
10.21早读原文
Sometimes, the most subversive thing you could do was to actually speak with the people you disagreed with, and not simply at them.
英音讲解01:21，美音讲解01:21，词汇讲解06:52
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音标符号来自权威词典| Longman Dictionary
今日发音练习重点：
1. subversive /b/音不要爆破
2. with和at虽均为虚词，但这里不弱读——在句中有“对比”、“相反”意味
言之有物
1. subversive adj. 颠覆的
sub(under 在...之下)+versive(ver/vert=turn)
相同前缀的单词还有：
subconscious adj. 下意识的，潜意识的
submarine n .潜艇
subvert verb. 颠覆
subvert the traditional ideas 颠覆传统思维
This courageous and subversive movie has attracted widespread critical support.
这部大胆而具颠覆性的电影引起了评论界广泛的支持。
subversive thinking 颠覆性的思考
2. ...to actually do something
actually
①确实地/真正地
She is actually very bright. 她真的很聪明。
I never thought I'd actually win. 我没想到我真的能赢。
② 竟然/居然/其实
The food here is not actually all that expensive.
这的食物其实也没那么贵嘛。
The movie was actually fun to watch.
电影其实还挺好看的。
...then he laughed and actually shook Andy's hand. 他笑了笑，然后竟然跟Andy握手了。
图片来自电影《肖申克的救赎 》
3. speak with/at XX
with 互相、双向
at 单向
A talk with B AB互相聊天
A talk at B A单方面和B交谈
—You flirted with Sherlock Holmes? 你居然跟夏洛克调情？
—At him. He never replies. 单方面罢了。他从来不回复我。
活学活用
请用 subversive 随意造句
向上滑动阅览 中英文本对照
I've received hate online.
我在网上收到了仇恨的情绪。
A lot of it. 很多很多。
And it comes with the territory of my work. 这跟我的工作领域有关。
I'm a digital creator, I make things specifically for the internet.
我是一名数字创作者, 专门制作网络作品。
Like, a few years ago, I made a video series called "Every Single Word"
大概几年前,我制作了一个 视频系列,名叫“每字每句“,
where I edited down popular films to only the words spoken by people of color, as a way to empirically and accessibly talk about the issue of representation in Hollywood.
是把流行影片剪辑成只有非白人演员说台词的短视频, 以此来直观实际地讨论好莱坞的有色群体代表这一话题。
Then, later, as transphobic bathroom bill started gaining media attention around the United States, I hosted and produced an interview series called "Sitting in Bathrooms with Trans People"
后来,由于“跨性别厕所令” 开始在全美范围引发媒体关注,我主持并制作了一个访谈系列,名叫“与跨性别人士共厕“, where I did exactly that.真的是坐在厕所里访谈
(Laughter) And then -- Sure, I'll take applause.
（笑声） 然后—— 没错,此处应有掌声
(Applause) Thank you. （鼓掌） 谢谢。
And then, are you familiar with those unboxing videos on YouTube where YouTubers open up the latest electronic gadgets?
对了,你们看过 YouTube上的拆箱视频吧？那些YouTube博主直播拆开最新电子产品包装盒。
Great, so I satirized those in a weekly series, where instead I unboxed intangible ideologies like police brutality, masculinity and the mistreatment of Native Americans.
好的,那为了讽刺他们,我又做了一个周播系列,不过我拆箱的是无形的意识形态,比如警察暴行,男性气概和对美洲原住民的虐待。
(Laughter) My work -- Thanks.
（笑声） 我的作品—— 谢谢。
One person applauding, God bless.
谢天谢地,有一个人鼓掌了。
(Laughter) Mom, hi. （笑声）
嗨,是你啊,老妈。
(Laughter) So, my work became popular.
（笑声）于是我的作品火起来了,
Very popular. 非常火。
I got millions of views, a ton of great press and a slew of new followers.
有数百万浏览量,大量媒体报导,我还多了一群新的追随者。
But the flip side of success on the internet is internet hate. 但是在网上成功的另一面是网络仇恨。
I was called everything.
我被冠以各种称号。
From "beta" to "snowflake" and, of course, the ever popular "cuck."
“贝塔“、 雪片人“, 当然,还有一直很流行的“绿帽侠”。
Don't worry, I will break these terms down for you.
别担心,我会一个一个解释。
(Laughter) So, "beta," for those of you unfamiliar, is
shorthand online lingo for "beta male."
（笑声）“贝塔”,如果你不了解这个词的话,它是网络词汇“贝塔男” （性格温和,带点阴柔美的男性）的缩写。
But let's be real, I wear pearl earrings and my fashion esthetic is rich-white-woman-running-errands, so I'm not angling to be an alpha.
不过说真的,我戴着珍珠耳环, 而我的时尚观是白富美上班族, 压根儿没想成为阿尔法女（比男性更出色的女性,类似女汉子）。
(Applause) Doesn't totally work.
（鼓掌） 完全没可能嘛。
(Laughter) Now, "snowflake" is a put-down for people who
are sensitive and believe themselves to be unique, and I'm a millennial and an only child, so, duh!
（笑声） 再来说“雪片人”, 它是形容一个人很敏感, 觉得自己很特殊, 而我是千禧一代（80年以后出生）, 又是独生子,所以,还真说对了！
(Laughter) But my favorite, favorite, favorite is "cuck."
（笑声） 但是我最、最、最爱的 还是绿帽侠“cuck 。
It's a slur, short for "cuckold,"
它是被戴绿帽的人 cuckold 的简读,
for men who have been cheated on by their wives.
指被自己妻子背叛的男人。
But friends, I am so gay, that if I had a wife, I would encourage her to cheat on me.
可是朋友们呐,我是同性恋, 就算真有妻子, 我也会鼓励她出轨。
(Laughter) Thank you. （笑声） 谢谢。
Let's take a look at some of this negativity in action.
让我们回到正题,看几个负面评论。
Sometimes it's direct.
有时评论很直接。
Like Marcos, who wrote, "You're everything I hate in a human being."
像马科斯,他写道, “你身上具有一切我讨厌的人类特征。”
Thank you, Marcos. 马科斯,谢谢哈。
Others are more concise.
有些就更简洁些。
Like Donovan, who wrote, "gaywad fagggggg."
像多诺万,他写的是, “土里土气的基佬。“
Now, I do need to point out, Donovan is not wrong, OK
对了,我有必要说下, 多诺万并没有错。
In fact, he's right on both counts, so credit where credit is
due.
实际上他两点都说对了, 得给予他认可。
Thank you, Donovan. 多诺万,也谢谢你啦。
Others write to me with questions, like Brian, who asked,
"Were you born a bitch or did you just learn to be one over time?"
还有人问问题,像布莱恩,他问, “你是天生的婊子还是后天学成的？”
But my favorite thing about this is that once Brian was done typing, his finger must have slipped because then he sent me the thumbs-up emoji.
不过我最喜欢的就是布莱恩打完字肯定手滑了, 因
为他接着发了一个“赞”的表情。
(Laughter) So, babe, thumbs up to you, too. （笑声） 所以,亲,我也给你个赞吧。
(Laughter) It's fun to talk about these messages now. （笑声） 这些网友留言说起来很好玩。
Right? 对吧？
And it's cathartic to laugh at them.
调侃这些留言也是一种宣泄。
But I can tell you that it really does not feel good to receive them.
但是我可以告诉大家接到它们的滋味可真不好受。
At first, I would screenshot their comments and make fun of their typos, but this soon felt elitist and ultimately unhelpful.
一开始,我会截屏网友的评论然后取笑他们的拼写错误, 不过很快我就觉得自己太“高高在上”, 而且最终这也没啥用。
So over time, I developed an unexpected coping mechanism.
所以逐渐地,我研究出一套新奇的应付机制。
Because most of these messages I received were through social media, I could often click on the profile picture of the person who sent them and learn everything about them.
因为多数我收到的留言 都是通过社交媒体, 我经常可以点开发送人的个人资料图片, 了解他们的所有信息。
I could see pictures they were tagged in, posts they'd written, memes they'd shared, and somehow, seeing that it was a human on the other side of the screen made me feel a little better.
我能看见标记了他们的图片, 他们写的帖子,分享的模因, 知道屏幕另一边有一个人存在多少能让我感觉好一些。
Not to justify what they wrote, right?
不是去证实他们写的对不对,可以理解吧？
But just to provide context.
只是去了解下背景。
Still, that didn't feel like enough.
但是,感觉还缺点什么。
So, I called some of them -- only the ones I felt safe talking to -- with a simple opening question: "Why did you write that?"
所以,我给其中一些人打电话—— 只打给那些我觉得能交谈的人—— 用一个简单的问题开场: “你为什么要写那个（评论）？”
The first person I spoke to was Josh.
我第一个对话的人是乔什。
He had written to tell me that I was a moron, I was a reason this country was dividing itself, and he added at the end that being gay was a sin.
他写信说我是一个白痴, 说我是这个国家分裂的原因, 结尾他又补充说同性恋是一种罪恶。
I was so nervous for our first conversation.
第一次对话我紧张极了。
This wasn't a comments section.
这可不是网友评论部分,
So I couldn't use tools like muting or blocking.
所以我不能静音或屏蔽。
Of course, I guess, I could have hung up on him.
当然,我想, 我本来也可以挂断的。
But I didn't want to. 但是我不想。
Because I liked talking to him.
因为我喜欢跟他说话。
Because I liked him.
说实话我挺喜欢他的。
Here's a clip of one of our conversations.
给大家听一个对话片段。
(Audio) Dylan Marrion: Josh, you said you're about to graduate high school, right?
（音频）迪伦·马龙: 乔什,你说你快高中毕业了,是吧？
Josh: Mmm-hmm. 乔什:是啊。
DM: How is high school for you?
迪伦·马龙: 那你的高中怎么样？
Josh: Am I allowed to use the H-E-double-hockey-stick word?
乔什:我可以说H-E-L-L 这样骂人的话吗？
DM: Oh, yeah. You're allowed to.
迪伦·马龙:行,说吧。
Josh: It was hell. 乔什:简直就是地狱。
DM: Really? 迪伦·马龙:真的吗？
Josh: And it's still hell right now, even though it's only two weeks left.
乔什:虽然只有两周就毕业了, 但我现在还感觉跟在地狱似的。
I'm a little bit bigger -- I don't like to use the word "fat,"
我体型比较大—— 我不喜欢用“胖”这个词,
but I am a little bit bigger than a lot of my classmates and they seem to judge me before they even got to know me.
我只是比很多同学都大了一圈儿, 可是他们甚至还不认识我呢, 就对我指指点点。
DM: That's awful. 迪伦·马龙:真不像话。
I mean, I also just want to let you know, Josh, I was bullied in high school, too.
我是说,我也想跟你说,乔什, 我在高中也被人欺负过。（音频结束）
So did our common ground of being bullied in high school erase what he wrote me?
那么在高中被人欺负这个共同点会不会抹掉他写给我的那些东西？
And did our single phone conversation radically heal a politically divided country and cure systemic injustice?
我们这一通电话交流会不会从根本上拯救一个政治分裂的国家, 并消除系统性的不公正？
No, absolutely not, right? 不会,完全不会,对吧？
But did our conversation humanize us to each other more than profile pictures and posts ever could?
但是我们的对话是不是比个人资料图片和发帖都更能拉近彼此的距离？
Absolutely. 当然。
I didn't stop there. 我没有就此止步。
Because some of the hate I received was from "my side."
因为我收到的一些仇恨来自于“我方“。
So when Matthew, a queer liberal artist like me publicly wrote that I represented some of the worst aspects of liberalism,
所以当马修,一个跟我一样的奇特自由派艺术家公开的说,我代表了自由主义最糟糕的一些方面,
I wanted to ask him this.
我就想问他下面这个问题。
DM: You tagged me in this post.
（音频）迪伦·马龙: 在这个帖子里你标记了我。
Did you want me to see it?
是想让我看到吗？
Matthew (Laughing): I honestly didn't think that you would.
马修（笑）:坦白说 我没想过你会看。
DM: Have you ever been publicly dragged?
迪伦·马龙:你有没有被公开标记过？
Matthew: I have been. 马修:有过。
And I just said, "No, I don't care."
然后我就说,“我不在乎。”
DM: And did you not care?
迪伦·马龙:你不在乎？
Matthew: But it was hard.
马修:但是挺难的。
DM: Did you not care?
迪伦·马龙:真的就不在乎？
Matthew: Oh, I cared, yes.
马修:哎,其实我还是很在乎的。（音频结束）
DM: At the end of these conversations, there's often a moment of reflection.
在这些对话结尾, 经常会有一段反思的时间。
A reconsideration. 重新思考。
And that's exactly what happened at the end of my call with a guy named Doug who had written that I was a talentless propaganda hack.
我在和一个叫道格的家伙通话快结束时就发生了这样的事, 他说我是一个毫无天分的宣传黑客。
(Audio) Did the conversation we just had -- does it, like, make you feel differently about how you write online?
（音频）迪伦·马龙: 我们刚才的对话—— 有没有让你感觉和在网上写评论不一样？
Doug: Yeah! You know, when I said this to you, when I said you were a "talentless hack,"
道格:嗯！你知道吗, 当我跟你在网上对话, 当我说你是一个 “毫无天分的黑客”时,
I had never conversed with you in my life, really.
我其实从没在 现实生活中和你交流过。
I didn't really know anything really about you.
我其实并不真正了解你。
And I think that a lot of times, that's what the comment
sections really are, it's really a way to get your anger at the world out on random profiles of strangers, pretty much.
我想来想去, 这就是评论的本质吧, 一种把自己对世界的愤怒发泄在陌生人身上的方式, 真的,几乎可以这么说。
DM (Laughing): Yeah, right.
迪伦·马龙（笑）: 哈哈,是啊。
Doug: But it definitely has made me rethink the way that I
interact with people online.
道格:但是它绝对 开始让我重新思考与人在网上互动的方式。（音频结束）
DM: So I've collected these conversations and many others for my podcast "Conversations with People Who Hate Me."
迪伦·马龙:所以我把这些还有很多这样的交谈汇总制作成播客 “和仇恨我的人对话。“
(Laughter) Before I started this project, I though that the real way to bring about change was to shut down opposing viewpoints through epically worded video essays and comments and posts, but I soon learned those were only cheered on by the people who already agreed with me.
（笑声） 在开始这个项目前, 我以为带来改变的真正方法 是通过精心措辞的视频文章、评论和帖子来阻止对立观点, 不过我很快就意识到这些只会让已经支持我的人欢呼。
Sometimes -- bless you. 有时——祝福你。
Sometimes, the most subversive thing you could do --yeah, clap for him.
有时,你能做的 最颠覆的事就是—— 对啊,鼓励他一下吧。
(Laughter) Sometimes, the most subversive thing you could do was to actually speak with the people you disagreed with, and not simply at them.
（笑声） 有时,你能做的最颠覆的事就是和那些与你有分歧的人交谈, 而不仅仅是去嘲讽他们。
Now in every one of my calls, I always ask my guests to tell me about themselves.
现在,在每一次通话中, 我总会请嘉宾介绍一下自
己。
And it's their answer to this question that allows me to empathize with them.
他们对这个问题的答案让我能够同情下他们。
And empathy, it turns out, is a key ingredient in getting these conversations off the ground, but it can feel very vulnerable to be empathizing with someone you profoundly disagree with.
事实证明,同情是让交流顺利开始的关键因素,但是去同情一个和你有严重分歧的人会使人变得很脆弱。
So I established a helpful mantra for myself.
所以我给自己设立了一条有用的原则。
Empathy is not endorsement.
同情不是认可。
Empathizing with someone you profoundly disagree with does not suddenly compromise your own deeply held beliefs and endorse theirs.
同情一个你极其反对的人并不会突然地就违背你深信的观念, 而去认可他们的观念。
Empathizing with someone who, for example, believes that being gay is a sin doesn't mean that I'm suddenly going to drop everything, pack my bags and grab my one-way ticket to hell, right?
比如,同情一个认为同性恋是一种罪恶的人,并不意味着我忽然就要放下自己的一切,非要抢一张去地狱的单程票,对吗？
It just means that I'm acknowledging the humanity of someone who was raised to think very differently from me.
它只是意味着我认可有这样一类人,他们被塑造成为与我想法截然不同的人。
I also want to be super clear about something.
我也想彻底明白一些事。
This is not a preion for activism.
这不是行动派的解决方案。
I understand that some people don't feel safe talking to their detractors and others feel so marginalized that they
justifiably don't feel that they have any empathy to give.
我理解有些人觉得与自己的反对者交谈不安全, 而另一些人会觉得自己被严重排挤, 以至于他们有理由觉得 自己没有什么同情要给予。
I totally get that. 我完全理解。
This is just what I feel well-suited to do.
这只是我觉得适合做的事情。
You know, I've reached out to a lot of people for this podcast.
你们知道吗, 我联系了很多人来这档播客。
And some have politely declined, others have read my message and ignored it, some have blocked me automatically when I sent the invitation and one guy actually agreed to do it and then, five minutes into the call, hung up on me.
有些人礼貌的拒绝了,有些人已经读了我的信息,但是没有理会, 还有些人在我发邀请时 已经自动把我屏蔽, 最后有一个家伙居然同意了, 然而,通话五分钟后, 他挂断了。
I'm also aware that this talk will appear on the internet. 我也知道这个演讲会被放到网上。
And with the internet comes comment sections, and with comment sections inevitably comes hate.
放到网上就会有评论, 有评论就会有仇恨。
So as you are watching this talk, you can feel free to call me whatever you'd like.
所以在你观看这个演讲时, 你可以随便称呼我。
You can call me a "gaywad," a "snowflake," a "cuck," a "beta,"
你可以叫我“同性恋“、”雪片人“、 ”绿帽侠“、”贝塔男“,
or "everything wrong with liberalism."
或是“自由主义的一切过错”。
But just know that if you do, I may ask you to talk.
但是记住了,如果你这样做了, 我可能就会请你来谈谈。
And if you refuse or block me automatically or agree and hang up on me, then maybe, babe, the snowflake is you.
如果你拒绝或是自动屏蔽, 或者是同意了又挂断我电话, 那么,亲,你可能才是 那个“雪片人”哟。
Thank you so much. 非常感谢。
MOVIE CLIP
影视片段
今日早读背景乐：
（Keb' Mo' - I See Love）
《化负为正：和给我负面评论的人对话》（ turn negative into positive: talk to people who give me negative comments ）:来自TED演讲，演讲者是迪恩马龙。他在主持了一个节目，累积了数百万的浏览量。但同时他也收到了来自陌生人的负面评论。演讲者讲述了他被网络评论攻击的亲身经历，以及从一开始的嘲讽到最后积极交流的心路历程。
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