昨天在35℃的室外高温下折腾了六个小时,已经热化了,但还没完全化。回到家中有些中暑,所以这次没有准备太多内容,见谅!
今天先带大家精读一个长难句,不多不少,确保有所学。句子出自澎湃新闻旗下的英文媒体《Sixth Tone》,关于“内卷化”。虽然只有一个句子,但有一定难度,语言点也不少,足够学习。
“来自各行各业/各阶层”怎么表达?
“once-adj.”构词法。
一个举例子的句型:be it /they 倒装句型。
五种复合形容词形式。
Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life, be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students, have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcane academic term: involution.
Chinese people have all discovered sth.中国人都发现了某件事。
their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcane academic term: involution. 他们的日常生活能够用同一个晦涩的学术名词来精准描述:内卷。
Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life / have all discovered their daily lives / can be accurately described / by the same once-arcane academic term: involution.
其中 Chinese people from all walks of life 是主语,have all discovered 是谓语,their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcane academic term: involution 是宾语从句。all walks of life (也可写成 every walk of life),英文解释是:people of all ethnicities and socioeconomic classes. 表示“社会各行各业,各社会阶层”。比如《经济学人》在描述同志平权的一篇文章中写道:They are free to marry and adopt children, and are protected from discrimination in all walks of life.他们能够自由地结婚,收养孩子,在各行各业中不受歧视。
arcane /ɑr'ken/ 的英文解释是:secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand. 晦涩难懂的、神秘的。这是个GRE单词,从英文解释中可以看出,它是 secret 和 mysterious 的升级版,写作中可以互换使用。举个例子:Until a few months ago few people outside the arcane world of contemporary music had heard of Gorecki.直至几个月前,在现代音乐神秘殿堂之外很少有人听说了戈莱斯基。
once-arcane 表示“曾经晦涩难懂的”,可以改写成 the academic term that is once arcane,文中写成前置定语可以使文章更紧凑,也为后文揭示 involution 留下了空间,并暗含了现在不再晦涩难懂的意思。传统行业日渐西下,我们可以说 the once-prosperous industry.孩子大了有自己的想法,不想听爸妈去当公务员或老师了,可以用 once-obedient child.The once-mighty Toyota lost their dominance due to the scandals.曾经强大的丰田因为丑闻而失去了对市场的统治。
involution “内卷化”一词最早出自于美国人类学家吉尔茨《农业内卷化》(agricultural involution) 一书,是一个学术用语,上世纪80年代,历史社会学家黄宗智曾用这个词来解释中国小农经济的过程。Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcane academic term: involution.在过去的几个月里,中国各行各业的人群,都发现自己的日常生活可以用一个曾经同样晦涩难懂的学术术语来准确描述:内卷化。
be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students
为了进一步解释各行各业的人群 (Chinese people from all walks of life),作者用一个倒装虚拟语气 be 来引导让步状语从句,意思是:不管是软件开发员、家庭主妇还是名牌大学生。用最简明的语言描绘出了行业全景:已工作的、无工作的、将要工作的。从语法上说,be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students 这部分是一个 whether 引导的让步状语从句,结构为:whether it/they (may) be,译成“不论…还是…”,可用于举例子。在使用时,我们把 whether 省去,be动词提到句首,变成:be it/they。因此我们可以把文中句子还原一下:whether they (may) be software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students.在谈到医疗自动化的未来时,《经济学人》指出了目前医疗的困境:Whether they be nursing homes, geriatric hospitals or hospices, all seem to suffer a dire shortage of nursing staff.不管是疗养院,老年医院还是救济院,所有的医护机构都严重缺乏护士。
be 或 whether 后面的 they 是和表语保持一致的,如果是单数可以用 it,如《新概念三》中有:He can pick work with ease, be it manual or mental.他干什么都是得心应手,无论是体力活还是脑力活。
不管是年轻人还是老年人,我们都应该具有崇高的理想信念。回到文中来:be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university studentssoftware developers 也可以说 programmer, coder, software engineer,比如Soren家的技术小哥~stay-at-home moms 就是我们通常所说的 housewife,stay-at-home 是一个用连字符连接的复合形容词。复合形容词有很多不同的表现形式,如:full-time employment 全职的工作special-interest groups 特殊利益集团snow-capped mountains 积雪盖顶的山a time-consuming activity 费时的活动computer-assisted translation 电脑辅助翻译breath-taking landscape 令人惊叹的风景never-to-be-forgotten memory 难忘的回忆回到文中来,elite university students 这里的 elite 就相当于 top 或者 prestigious.Over the past few months, Chinese people from all walks of life, be they software developers, stay-at-home moms, or elite university students, have all discovered their daily lives can be accurately described by the same once-arcane academic term: involution.在过去的几个月中,各行各业的中国人,不管是软件开发员、家庭主妇还是名牌大学生,都发现他们的日常生活能够用同一个晦涩的学术名词来准确描述:内卷。“来自各行各业/各阶层”怎么表达?
“once-adj.”构词法。
试着翻译“不管是年轻人还是老年人,我们都应该具有崇高的理想信念。”
be it /they 的倒装句型。
五种复合形容词形式。
今天就讲到这里,欢迎大家在留言区分享你最近学到的表达或句型,点赞最多的五位同学可获得 6.6 元红包奖励~