《外国文学研究》2024年第2期主要论文摘要

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2024 年第 2 期(总第226期)

中外学者对话：诺贝尔文学奖得主约恩·福瑟研究

克里斯蒂娜·莫德雷亚努　约恩·福瑟　王语嫣 译

标题：福瑟：写作就是倾听，作者另有其人——约恩·福瑟访谈录

Title: Fosse: Writing is Listening, and the Writer is Someone Else

内容摘要：约恩·福瑟在接受克里斯蒂娜·莫德雷亚努采访时，谈到了他对易卜生的复杂感情，并就戏剧创作、戏剧排演、戏剧风格等问题发表了自己的看法。福瑟表示，他十分钦佩易卜生，认为他是个颇具天才的“戏剧魔王”；但他觉得易卜生的戏剧里没有爱，没有怜悯，因而对他是敬而不爱。对于戏剧创作，福瑟有他自己比较独特的一套理念。在他看来，写作就是倾听，是一种源自内心或某个他知之甚少的地方的神秘行为，名叫福瑟者只是听到早已被书写的东西并记录下来，作者则另有其人。福瑟认为，戏剧吸引他的是那些难得的、无法用言语表达的心灵感通的瞬间，而那些珍贵的瞬间，使戏剧超越国籍和语言，成为一种通过情感来理解世界的方式。此外，福瑟非常重视戏剧音乐，在他看来，音乐层面的精准和完美适配是其戏剧在多种标准下成功演出的关键。

Abstract: In an interview with Cristina Modreanu, Jon Fosse delves into his nuanced sentiments regarding Henrik Ibsen while offering insights into various facets of dramatic composition, theatrical rehearsal, and acting style. Fosse extols Ibsen as the demon of theater, yet contends that his oeuvre lacks a profound sense of love, eliciting from Fosse not fondness but rather a respectful admiration. Furthermore, Fosse delineates his distinctive approach to the craft of drama. For him, writing embodies an act of profound listening, an enigmatic process emanating from the depths of the psyche or realms unknown. Fosse elucidates that he, as the bearer of the name Fosse, merely serves as a conduit for the preexisting narratives, while the true author remains someone else. He posits that the allure of theatre lies in those elusive moments of soulful resonance that defy linguistic expression, offering a transcendent means of apprehending the human experience beyond the confines of nationality and language. Additionally, Fosse underscores the significance of music in his theatrical compositions, asserting that meticulous attention to the music is pivotal to the multifaceted success of his works on stage.

何成洲

标题：约恩·福瑟戏剧的诗性极简主义与人文理想

Title: Poetic Minimalism and Humanistic Ideals in Jon Fosse’s Plays

内容摘要：荣膺 2023 年诺贝尔文学奖的挪威剧作家约恩·福瑟以令人耳目一新的诗性极简戏剧在欧洲戏剧界独树一帜。福瑟的剧作，以极简主义的美学实验为基石，构筑了抽象而又质朴的时空情景，同时融合了回旋往复的音乐节奏与抒情诗歌的文体特征，营造出一种充满诗意的极简舞台空间与文本布局。福瑟的戏剧，将大海、波涛、黑夜、孤独矗立在海边的老房子等自然地理意象与日常生活图景相并置，犹如一幅淡淡的舞台水墨画，生成了情景交融的挪威西部峡湾的冷冽意境。在交织的舞台风景背后，福瑟聚焦于普通人、甚至是失败者的生存困境，不断地激荡起观众的共鸣与思考。福瑟的戏剧不仅意在唤起人们的情感协奏，而且试图重新构建以戏剧完成自我拯救的人文理想。

Abstract: Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize for Literature, the Norwegian playwright Jon Fosse stands out in the realm of European theater with his pioneering work in poetic minimalist plays. Central to Fosse’s artistic philosophy are his aesthetic experiments with minimalism, where he masterfully constructs abstract and austere temporal and spatial scenarios. In these settings, characters emerge as enigmatic and indistinct, with the plot unfolding in a markedly static fashion, further accentuated by the deliberate simplification of action on stage. Moreover, Fosse ingeniously intertwines the rhythmic cadences of repetitive music with the stylistic nuances of lyrical poetry, thereby crafting a stage space and text layout that resonate with poetic and minimalist sensibilities. In his plays, Fosse juxtaposes the raw beauty of natural geographical imagery – such as the sea, waves, night, and an isolated old house by the seashore – with the mundane aspects of daily life, akin to a delicate ink painting brought to life on stage. This interplay not only conjures the chilly ambiance of the fjords of Western Norway but also weaves a complex tapestry of scenarios that are deeply interlinked. Beneath this intricate stage scenery, Fosse delves into the existential quandaries faced by ordinary individuals, including those living on the fringes of society, thereby provoking the audience’s empathy and reflective engagement. His plays transcend mere emotional attunement; they ambitiously seek to rekindle the humanistic ideals of self-redemption through the medium of theater.

汪余礼

标题：新感性、新思维与福瑟戏剧的新模式

Title: New Sensibility, New Thinking, and the New Pattern of Jon Fosse’s Drama

内容摘要：约恩·福瑟的戏剧创作，相对于从古希腊到易卜生的欧洲传统戏剧而言，不是局部创新，而是根本革新。其根本革新主要体现在：欧洲传统戏剧创作基于“理念论”哲学传统，最重视的是“看”，而福瑟的戏剧创作则基于后形而上学的“存在论 -解构论”新传统，最重视的是“听”；通过转向以倾听为主的后形而上学感知范式，福瑟重构了一种把诗性、音乐性、神性与戏剧性融合在一起的“新感性”，又化用了海德格尔、德里达等人的哲学思想，孕成他自己的新思维，进而创造了一种将极简戏剧、音乐诗剧、静默戏剧、灵知戏剧、留白戏剧等融为一体的新戏剧，形成了一种独特的戏剧创作模式。其创作模式的内核，是在倾听中直呈人类的处境与本质，在危机、忧惧、向死而生中逼出人的“存在与时间”。约恩·福瑟的戏剧创作模式，既体现出后形而上学时代艺术家对于“倾听”的倚重，也体现出直呈本质的极简书写的巨大活力，还反映出接受者的“创造性合作”在当代艺术活动中的特殊重要性。

Abstract: The dramatic creation of Jon Fosse represents not just partial innovation, but a radical innovation compared to the European traditional drama from ancient Greece to Ibsen. This radical innovation is primarily evident in the shift from the idea-oriented philosophy that underpins traditional European dramatic creation, which emphasizes “seeing” a post-metaphysical philosophy tradition of “Existentialism-Deconstruction”, which prioritizes “listening”. By transforming "seeing" to “listening”, Fosse reconstructs a “new sensibility” that integrates poetic, musical, divine, and dramatic elements. He also employs the philosophical ideas of Heidegger, Derrida, and others to develop his own new thinking, thereby creating a new kind of drama that merges minimalist drama, musical and verse drama, silent drama, gnostic drama, and blank-leaving drama, forming a unique dramatic creation pattern. The core of his creation pattern lies in presenting the human condition and essence through listening, bringing out the “being and time” dimensions of humanity in crisis, anxiety, and the life-towards-death process. The integration of new sensibility and new thinking forms the new pattern of Fosse’s dramatic creation. This pattern not only reflects the post-metaphysical era artist’s reliance and emphasis on “listening” but also showcases the immense vitality of minimalist writing that directly presents the essence. Furthermore, it highlights the particular importance of the “creative cooperation” of the recipients in contemporary artistic activities.

18 世纪欧亚文学交流互鉴研究

金　雯 

标题：全球化语境中的启蒙现代性——18 世纪欧洲的东方形象与乌托邦小说的发展

Title: Enlightenment Modernity in the Context of Globalization: The Eastern Images of 18th Century Europe and the Development of Utopian Novels

内容摘要：发源于 16 世纪的乌托邦小说在 18 世纪发生了重要转型，欧洲作家纷纷开始想象在东西方文化杂糅基础上形成的理想社会，推动了西方现代性的缔造。乌托邦小说的转型与此时欧洲建构起来的东方形象紧密相关。16 至 18 世纪，东方宗教和哲学思想初步传入欧洲，在东西方关系呈现拉锯状态的背景下，西方人对东方毁誉参半，构建了复合的东方形象。启蒙时期的欧洲作家在想象理想化虚拟社会的时候经常指涉东方宗教中的物质起源思想、东方国家政治制度特点等文化特征，使其与西方思想并置并发生对话关系，即以乌托邦小说为载体探索西方文化在与东方文化的深度接触中实现现代转型的条件和可能性。其中一个重要案例是 1710 年出版于海牙用法语写成的《雅克·马瑟的航行与历险》，这部作品鲜明地体现了 18 世纪乌托邦小说的发展，揭示了东方思想在西方现代性建构中的作用。

Abstract: The utopian novel, which originated in the 16th century, underwent an important transformation in the 18th century. The transformation was closely related to the image of the Orient constructed in early modern Europe at this time: from the 16th to the 18th centuries, Eastern religious and philosophical ideas were initially introduced to Europe and, in the context of broadened Euro-American contact, Westerners had a mixed view of the Orient and constructed a composite image of the Orient. During the Enlightment, European writers often referred to the idea of proto-materialism in Eastern religions, the characteristics of Eastern political systems and other related cultural features when imagining an idealized virtual society, juxtaposing and bringing into dialogue Eastern and Western thought. They used utopian novels as a vehicle for exploring the conditions and possibilities for Western culture to achieve modern transformation in dialogue with global cultures. An important case in point is Voyages et avantures de Jaques Massé, published in French in the Hague in 1710, which distinctly embodies the development of utopian novels in the 18th century and reveals the role of Eastern thought in the construction of Western modernity.

陈西军

标题：《英雄德行》与《鲁滨逊漂流记》——一场围绕中国的古今之争

Title: Of Heroick Virtue and Robinson Crusoe: A Controversy between the Moderns and Ancients Concerning China

内容摘要：面对英国的混乱局面，坦普尔参照复辟时期的共和主义德行，提出了以农业经济为基础、以君主为中心的政治秩序的英雄德行。中国以儒家思想为核心的英雄德行是其中的典范。在光荣革命之际，古派的坦普尔盛赞中国英雄德行违背了今派在光荣革命中确立的君主立宪制，遭到了笛福所著《鲁滨逊漂流记》的反对。作为中国英雄德行基础的农业经济也与《鲁滨逊漂流记》主张的重商主义相抵牾。坦普尔想通过颂扬中国的英雄德行来恢复光荣革命之前的旧体系，笛福则希望借助《鲁滨逊漂流记》中的中国来否定旧体系，达到捍卫光荣革命成果的目的。两者都无法回避中国的影响。

Abstract: Concerning the turbulence in England in the 17th century, William Temple, a representative of the Ancients, proposed the heroic virtue centered around monarchy with the agricultural economy as its foundation, drawing on the republican virtues of the Restoration period. The exemplary heroic virtue in China, rooted in Confucian thought, serves as a paradigm. Around the time of the Glorious Revolution, Temple’s praise of Chinese heroic virtue, which violated the constitutional monarchy established in the Glorious Revolution, was opposed by Daniel Defoe, a representative of the Moderns, in his Robinson Crusoe. The agricultural economy, as the foundation of Chinese heroic virtue, also contradicts the mercantilism advocated in Robinson Crusoe. Temple wanted to restore the old monarchy before the Glorious Revolution by praising China's heroic virtue, while Defoe hoped to use the portrayal of China in Robinson Crusoe to negate the heroic virtue and defend the Glorious Revolution settlement. Nevertheless, the influence of China can be felt on both sides of the controversy between the Ancients and Moderns.

梁锡江

标题：在语文学、历史主义与诗学之间——论 18 世纪德国东方学的创生

Title: Between Philology, Historicism, and Poetics: On the Emergence of Orientalism in 18th Century Germany

内容摘要：德国因其自身的政治、地域与文化特点而走上了一条不同于英法的东方学研究路线。在坚持传统神学的基础上，德国学者利用自身的严谨性，结合英法等国家的先进思想与资料，推陈出新，在《圣经》文本上开发出三种新的研究可能性，即语文学、历史学与诗学的研究潜质，使得德国东方学具有强烈的文本化与历史化倾向，从而进一步丰富了东方学的研究视角。

Abstract: Germany embarked on a line of Oriental studies distinct from that of Britain and France due to its unique political, geographical, and cultural characteristics. Building upon traditional theology, German scholars integrated advanced ideas and materials of Britain and France with rigor and developed three new research possibilities on the Biblical text, namely, the research potentials of philology, history, and poetics, which endowed the German Orientalism with a strong tendency to textualization and historicization, thereby enriching the scholarly perspective of Orientalist research.

文学伦理学批评

陈红薇

标题：古希腊悲剧中的伦理教诲与城邦共同体

Title: Ancient Greek Tragedy: Ethical Edification and Polis Community

内容摘要：以神话为题材的古希腊悲剧是城邦教育的重要载体，它从两个方面发挥着教诲民众、形塑城邦共同体的社会功能：一方面，通过禁忌叙事向雅典人传递社会规约，构建伦理的共同体；另一方面，借助神话重述展演哲学迷思，形塑文化思想上的共同体。透过这种独特的神话戏剧美学，古希腊悲剧在伦理教诲中构建思想共通，推动影响至今的欧洲共同体意识的形成。

Abstract: Ancient Greek tragedies based on mythology served as a crucial vehicle for the moral education of the polis, playing a pivotal role in shaping the public consciousness and fostering a sense of community within the polis from two aspects. On the one hand, tragedies transmitted social ethics to the audience through taboo narratives, contributing to the establishment of a moral framework within the polis; on the other hand, they delved into the philosophical musings of their times through mythical retellings so as to shape the intellectual community. Through this unique aesthetic of mythic drama, ancient Greek tragedies built a commonality of thought in ethical education, promoting the formation of a European community consciousness that continues to influence to this day.

赵　燕 

标题：布宁小说中斯芬克斯因子的表现形态

Title: The Manifestations of the Sphinx Factors in Ivan Bunin’s Novels

内容摘要：俄罗斯作家布宁的众多小说以爱情与死亡为主题，集中展现了他对伦理选择与生存意义的关切。布宁小说描绘了斯芬克斯因子的博弈与制衡，揭示了博弈过程的动态交互、此消彼长以及互为因果的逻辑运行机制，彰显出人性因子与兽性因子在伦理选择中的决定性作用。作家借助类浮士德情结的描写展现情感欲望冲突，通过人物对爱情与死亡的选择呈现兽性因子的越界，借助审判救赎与伦理教诲昭示人性因子的复归。由此，布宁小说中斯芬克斯因子的表现形态具有流动性、悖论性和悲剧性特征，布宁对情感欲望与伦理道德的审视凸现了文学作品所具有的伦理教诲功用。

Abstract: Many works of the Russian writer Ivan Bunin revolve around the themes of love and death, reflecting his deep concern for ethical choices and the meaning of survival. Bunin’s novels depict the struggle and conflict of the Sphinx factors. These works reveal the logical operational mechanisms reflected in the struggle, including dynamic interaction, mutual gain and loss, and interdependent causality, all of which contribute to highlighting the decisive role of human and animal factors in ethical choices. The writer portrays emotional conflicts through descriptions reminiscent of the Faustian complex, demonstrating the transgression of animal factors through characters’ choices between love and death. For the sake of cohesion and coherence, he illustrates the ultimate return of human nature through the depiction of trial, redemption, and ethical instruction. The manifestation of the Sphinx factors in Bunin’s characters is characterized by fluidity, paradox, and tragedy. Bunin’s examination of emotional desires and ethical morality highlights the ethical instructive function of literary works.

文学跨学科研究

许庆红

标题：科特兹表演诗歌中的跨艺术性与跨媒介性

Title: Interart and Intermediality of Jayne Cortez’s Performance Poetry

内容摘要：植根于爵士乐，科特兹的诗歌文本摹仿非洲音乐元素，如环唱、爵士变奏、即兴重复等，赋予诗歌以音乐性和表演性，实现跨艺术性和跨媒介性指涉。她以音乐和朗诵 / 吟唱形式将诗歌进行转换与生产，录制唱片与 CD，实现跨艺术文本的转换或媒介性迁移。她在与喷火者乐队的现场表演中完成人声、音乐与器乐的媒介组合，以小型剧场的艺术形式传达诗歌的内涵。科特兹在现场表演中强调即兴创作、声音的力量和音调的变化，这种表演既恢复了诗歌被印刷遮蔽的语音和听觉效果，又能充分调动观众的感官和情感体验。诗人、观众与音乐共振，制造了剧场效果。音乐、电子与数字媒体技术等多媒介共同影响了科特兹诗歌的创作、阅读和表演，并参与了诗歌美学意义的建构，使其诗歌从单一的艺术走向跨艺术，从单一的媒介走向跨媒介。本文借助跨艺术诗学与跨媒介性理论，探讨科特兹的表演诗歌如何将文本、音乐和现场表演实行三位一体的融合，以独特而又创新的方式传递诗歌意义。对科特兹表演诗歌的跨艺术性和跨媒介性研究有助于挖掘其诗学建构与实践及其对美国当代实验性诗学的重要贡献。

Abstract: Deeply embedded in jazz music, Cortez’s poetry imitates African musical elements, such as ring shout, variations, riffs, etc., giving musicality and performativity to poetry to achieve interart and intermediality reference. She transforms and produces poetry by making records and CDs in the form of music and reading aloud/chanting, thus achieving the media transfer of poetic texts. Cortez combines vocal, music, and instruments in live performances with the Firespitters Band in the form of a mini-theatre to express the meaning of poetry. Her public poetry reading and live performance emphasize improvisation, the power of sound, and inflection, restoring the oral and auditory effects obscured by printed poetry while fully engaging the audience’s sensory and emotional experiences. The poet interacts with the audience and music to create a theatrical effect. Multiple media such as music, electronics, and digital media technology collectively influence Cortez’s poetry creation, reading, and performance, participating in the construction of poetic aesthetics, leading her poetry from singular art to interart, and from single medium to intermedia. In light of interart poetics and intermediality theory, this paper will explore how Cortez’s performance poetry integrates text, music, and live performance to convey the meaning of poetry in a unique and innovative way. The study of interart and intermediality of Cortez’s performance poetry is conducive to probing into her poetic construction and practice as well as her important contribution to contemporary experimental American poetics.

翁冰莹

标题：历史记忆与文学叙事之间——论莫迪亚诺《多拉·布吕代》的记忆文化建构

Title: Between Historical Memory and Literary Narration: On the Construction of Memory Culture in Modiano’s Dora Bruder

内容摘要：《多拉·布吕代》是诺贝尔文学奖法国作家帕特里克·莫迪亚诺历十年之功而写就的代表力作。莫迪亚诺以记忆的艺术手法，追述了以“他者”即多拉·布吕代这一平凡弱小的历史人物为代表的犹太人在第二次世界大战法国被占领时期的人生经历，从而深刻揭示了难以捉摸的人类命运和一段被模糊化的历史。莫迪亚诺《多拉·布吕代》的记忆文化建构具体呈现在历史碎片的积淀与文学创作的契机、历史文本的整合与文学文本的映射、历史记忆的呈现与文学书写的勾连之中。处在历史记忆与文学叙事的间性结构下，莫迪亚诺形成了以新历史主义式的文学创作为通路的记忆文化建构。

Abstract: Dora Bruder is a representative work by the French Nobel Prize-winning writer Patrick Modiano, which he crafted over a decade. Employing the artistic technique of memory, Modiano traces the life experience of the Jews, represented by “the other”, an ordinary and vulnerable historical figure Dora Bruder, during the German occupation of France in World War II. Through this narrative, he profoundly reveals the elusive human destiny and a segment of history that has been obscured. Modiano’s construction of memory culture in “Dora Bruder” is concretely manifested in the accumulation of historical fragments and the opportunity for literary creation, the integration of historical texts and the reflection in literary texts, and the presentation of historical memory intertwined with literary writing. Positioned within the interstitial structure of historical memory and literary narration, Modiano develops a construction of memory culture through the New Historicist mode of literary creation.

邱　晶

标题：霸权、危机与逆托邦——福克纳小说中的跨种族共同体书写

Title: Hegemony, Crisis, and Retrotopia: Cross-Racial Community Writing in Faulkner’s Novels

内容摘要：福克纳小说表现了麦卡斯林家族谱系里白人和黑人后代的跨种族共同体书写，具体以自然共同体、命运共同体和情感共同体三种不同形式展开，反映了福克纳在不同创作时期对美国黑人和白人种族关系的思考。奴隶制时期，白人入侵者带来以土地掠夺为基础的奴隶制霸权统治，跨种族自然共同体理想幻灭。重建时期，种族分离的空间隔绝在政治、经济、文化等使黑白种族暴力事件频发，不断瓦解跨种族命运共同体。民权运动时期，白人卢修斯 • 普里斯特回忆叙事建构了逆托邦幻象，其中白人和黑人凝聚成跨种族情感共同体，用以遮蔽与回避现实中的种族冲突。

Abstract: Faulkner's novels portray the cross-racial community within the McCaslin family lineage, delineating three distinct forms of cross-racial community: community of nature, community of destiny, and community of emotion, demonstrating Faulkner's evolving reflections on the racial relations between African and white Americans during different periods of his writing. During the era of slavery, the intrusion of white invaders led to a hegemonic rule based on land plunder, shattering the ideal of cross-racial community of nature. During the reconstruction period, spatial segregation fostered political, economic, and cultural isolation, resulting in frequent racial violence between blacks and whites, gradually eroding the cross-racial community of common destiny. During the Civil Rights Movement, the narrative recollections of the white protagonist, Lucius Priest, constructed the retrotopia, in which whites and blacks coalesce into a cross-–racial community of emotion to conceal and evade the racial conflicts in reality.

批评与批评研究

王   永

标题： 基于数据分析的中国俄罗斯文学研究 40 年

Title: 40 Years of Research on Russian Literature in China Based on Data Analysis

内容摘要：近 40 年来，我国的俄罗斯文学研究成果丰硕。本文以国家社科基金重大项目研制的CFLSI数据库为基础，从中提取1978至2020年的论文数据作为定量研究源。通过对期刊发文数、年度发文数、作家研究、关键词进行数据统计，结合定性研究做出分析，客观地论证中国近 40 年来俄罗斯文学研究的总体情况，凸显出研究热点及薄弱环节。研究结果表明，改革开放后的俄罗斯文学研究成就，以经典作家研究最为突出，并涌现出白银时代文学研究、后现代主义文学研究等热点；同时，某些作家的研究则较为薄弱甚至缺失。因此，借助数智时代的东风，运用数字人文技术对历年来的俄罗斯文学研究成果做出全面客观的分析，有助于我们准确把握所取得的成就与不足，在此基础上对未来的研究做出系统而科学的规划。

Abstract: In the past 40 years, scholars in China have made significant achievements in the study of Russian literature. This paper utilizes data extracted from the CFLSI database developed by a major project funded by the National Social Science Foundation, extracting quantitative research data from 1978 to 2020. By conducting statistical analysis on journal publications, annual publication numbers, authorship patterns, and keywords alongside qualitative research analysis, this paper objectively presents an overview of Russian literature research in China over the past four decades, highlighting both research hotspots and areas that require further attention. The findings reveal that post-reform and opening up era has witnessed remarkable advancements in studying classical writers within Russian literature. Additionally, there are notable interests in Silver Age literature and postmodern literature studies. However, research on certain authors remains relatively weak or even lacking. Therefore, leveraging digital intelligence tools and employing digital humanities technology to conduct comprehensive and objective analyses of the achievements and shortcomings in Russian literature throughout these years can help us accurately assess its accomplishments and deficiencies.

田俊武

标题：西方旅行文学研究：从湮没到勃兴

Title: Western Travel Literature Studies: From Obscurity to Prosperity

内容摘要：旅行文学是旅行的文学发生学再现，在整个人类文化史上占有巨大的比重。但是，由于人文学界对旅游的鄙视以及旅行文学自身范式的芜杂性，旅行文学研究尤其是西方旅行文学研究长久以来处于湮没之中，缺乏应有的关注。20世纪八十年代以来，随着人类学、文学发生学、后殖民主义文化理论的倡导和带飞，旅行文学这种久被忽视的文学范式终于受到西方理论界的重视，关于旅行和旅行文学的研究已经成为当代西方文学理论界的显学。揭示西方旅行文学研究从湮没到勃兴的历程，对于学界了解人类学、文学发生学和后殖民主义文化学对旅行文学的拯救以及彼此之间的借壳发展关系，具有重要的学术意义。

Abstract: As the literary genealogical representation of travel events, travel literature accounts for a great proportion of the history of human culture. However, due to the disdain for tourism within the humanities and the heterogeneity of the travel literature itself, research on travel literature, especially Western travel literature, has long been marginalized and lacked the attention it deserves in academia. Since the 1980s, with the advocacy and promotion of anthropology, literary phenomenology, and postcolonial cultural theory, the long-overlooked literary paradigm of travel literature has finally gained attention, and the study of travel and travel literature has now become even more prosperous in the field of Western literary criticism. Revealing the trajectory of Western travel literature research from obscurity to prosperity is of vital significance for the academic world to understand how anthropology, literary phenomenology, and postcolonial cultural studies have contributed to the revitalization of travel literature research and their interrelated developmental relationships.

张 驰

标题：“俄罗斯诗学欧美化”——北境时期布罗茨基的诗学演进与经典化历程

Title: “Anglicization of Russian Poetics”: The Evolution and Canonization of Joseph Brodsky’s Poetics in the “Northern Period”

内容摘要：1964—1965年间，布罗茨基北境乡村的流放经历以及随之发生的诗学变法，是影响其一生艺术创作与精神世界的关键转型，其中最为核心的嬗变机制是“俄罗斯诗学欧美化”尝试。在流放地的异质文化空间内，布罗茨基通过对欧美抒情诗资源的嫁接，处理了本国文学传统和异国诗学资源之间的复杂关系，打破了俄罗斯诗歌在文化上和形式上经典完善的自洽体系，使其具有全新的音乐性、隐喻性和智慧性。借由在“彼得堡文本”符码系统中融入的盛期现代主义和客体化诗学，诗人改变了民族语言的当代表现形式，拓宽了俄罗斯诗歌的心理和思维界线，这一诗歌经典化理路让布罗茨基逐渐完成了从地方性诗人逐渐到世界级诗人的蜕变。表面上看，这次诗学转型是布罗茨基个人创作论与文体学意义上的变构，实质上是俄罗斯诗歌内在生长机制的一次自我更新。

Abstract: During the period from 1964 to 1965, Brodsky’s exile experience in the northern countryside and the subsequent poetics transformation were key transitions that influenced his artistic creation and spiritual world throughout his life. The core mechanism of transformation is the “Anglicization of Russian poetics”.Through the grafting of European and American lyric poetry resources, Brodsky disrupted the culturally and formally classic self-contained system of Russian poetry, endowing it with a fresh musicality, metaphorical depth, and intellectual sophistication. By means of the integration of high-modernism and objectivist poetics into the “Petersburg Text” code system, the poet changed the contemporary expression of the national language, expanding the psychological and ideological boundaries of Russian poetry, This process of canonization of poetry enabled Brodsky to gradually evolve from a regional poet to a world-class poet. While superficially a transformation in Brodsky’s personal creative theory and stylistic significance, this poetic transformation fundamentally represents a self-renewal of the intrinsic growth mechanism within Russian poetry.

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