学术视界 | 政策不确定性与创新数字化——双元创新的视角（附原文下载）
政策不确定性与创新数字化
——双元创新的视角
阳镇1,2，李纪珍1,2，凌鸿程3,4
（1.清华大学 经济管理学院， 北京100084；
2.清华大学 技术创新研究中心， 北京100084；
3.江西财经大学 产业经济研究院， 江西 南昌330013；
4.江西财经大学 规制与竞争研究中心， 江西 南昌330013）
摘要：本文以企业数字化转型为背景，以世界银行中国制造企业微观调查数据为研究样本，探究转型中国家政策不确定性对企业创新数字化的作用机制。研究结果表明：政策不确定性促进企业创新链数字化。机制检验结果表明双元创新行为（探索式与利用式）在政策不确定性与企业创新数字化之间产生部分中介作用，且边界机制检验结果表明市场非正规竞争与企业寻租会抑制政策不确定性与企业创新数字化的正向关系。经济后果检验结果表明政策不确定性通过强化创新数字化最终促进了企业创新绩效。本研究为转型中国家审视创新数字化的驱动机理提供了新的微观证据，为企业以及政府推动创新数字化提供管理与政策启示。
关键词：政策不确定性；研发数字化；探索性创新；利用式创新；创新绩效
主要研究结论：本文基于当前数字化、智能化与网络技术不断渗透嵌入为研究情境，以世界银行2012年中国制造企业微观调查数据为研究样本，从数字智能技术涉入企业研发创新链的视角分析了政策不确定性对创新数字化的影响，并考察了政策不确定性与企业创新数字化内在机理、边界机制与经济后果。研究结果表明:（1）政策不确定性加剧了企业创新数字化，即政策不确定性环境有助于企业推动创新链数字化。（2）中介机制检验表明双元创新行为在政策不确定性与企业研发数字化转型之间产生部分中介作用，即政策不确定性下会强化企业双元创新导向进而强化企业创新数字化。边界调节机制检验结果表明寻租与市场非正规竞争抑制了政策不确定性与企业创新数字化之间的正向关系。（3）经济后果检验结果表明政策不确定性通过强化创新数字化最终促进了企业创新绩效。（4）异质性分析结果表明，政策不确定性对企业创新数字化的驱动效应在市场化程度高、大规模企业、融资约束低以及中低技术行业的样本中更为明显。
Policy uncertainty and innovation digitization
——A study from the perspective of ambidextrous innovation
Yang Zhen1,2, Li Jizhen1,2, Ling Hongcheng3,4
(1. School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Research Center for Technological Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
3. Industrial Economy Research Institute, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China;
4. Center for Regulation & Competition, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China)
Abstract:A new interactive environment is required for organization and management of the R&D and innovation of traditional manufacturing enterprises. In the digital context, the main body of traditional innovation has gradually changed from closed to open, from opposition to cooperation, from value separation to value symbiosis and value cocreation, while the mode of enterprise innovation has gradually changed from entrepreneur-led individual innovation to user-led user innovation and open innovation. From the perspective of enterprise innovation, this paper analyzes the actual impact of each link of digital technology enabled enterprise innovation chain on enterprise innovation performance, and investigates the internal mechanism and boundary mechanism of digital enabled R&D innovation on enterprise innovation performance.
The results show that: first, policy uncertainty intensifies the R&D digital transformation of enterprises, that is, the uncertain policy environment helps enterprises promote the digitization of innovation chain and reduce the transaction coordination cost in the innovation process. After considering the endogeneity, the research conclusion is still valid. Second, the test results of intermediary mechanism show that policy uncertainty helps to strengthen the adoption of two kinds of ambidextrous innovation behaviors which include exploration and exploitation, and this ambidextrous innovation behavior plays a partial intermediary role between policy uncertainty and enterprise innovation digital transformation. Third, the boundary mechanism test results show that informal competition suppresses the positive relationship between policy uncertainty and innovation digitization, that is, informal competition directly distorts the positive impact of policy uncertainty on innovation digitization in the state of formal competition. The economic consequence test results show that policy uncertainty ultimately promotes enterprise innovation performance by strengthening innovation digitization. Fourth, the results of heterogeneity analysis show that the driving effect of policy uncertainty on enterprise innovation digitization is more obvious in the samples with high degree of marketization, large-scale enterprises and low financing constraints.
There are three management and policy implications in this paper. First, for the government, optimize the policy environment for digital innovation and digital enabling, provide policy expectations for digital transformation for all kinds of innovation subjects based on various industrial policies, innovation policies and science and technology policies, and strive to create a relatively stable policy expectations and institutional environment, provide a gradual policy change environment for the policy of enterprise digitization process. Second, the government needs to further optimize the construction of intellectual property protection system, especially the high penetration of digital technology in the era of digital intelligence. Its intellectual property protection system is particularly important. Based on the institutional effect of formal system, it will reverse the unfair competition of informal sector in the process of enterprise digital transformation for a long time. Third, for enterprises, actively accept and embrace digitization in a highly dynamic competitive environment, increase investment in enterprise digital transformation, promote innovation digitization, and enable enterprise innovation performance. At the same time, in the digital context, it is necessary to strengthen the ambidextrous innovation ability construction of enterprises, improve the ability of knowledge mining, knowledge utilization, knowledge absorption and knowledge integration according to the resource base and digital infrastructure of enterprises, and gradually master the dynamic ability to obtain the knowledge of key knowledge subjects in the digital context.
Key words:policy uncertainty; R&D digitization; exploratory innovation; exploitative innovation; innovation performance
引用本文：阳镇，李纪珍，凌鸿程.政策不确定性与创新数字化——双元创新的视角[J].科研管理,2022,43(4):01-10.
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