旧里新厅 | Shared-Living Space
项目名称：旧里新厅——南京东路街道贵州西社区微更新
建设单位：南京东路街道办事处
设计单位：TM Studio (上海梓耘斋建筑设计咨询有限公司）
施工单位：上海衡元建设工程有限公司
项目团队：童明，黄潇颖，任广，张珂维，谢超，邱怡箐，高页茜，廖隆泰，赵哲
视频剪辑：曹源，蒋凡东
视频拍摄：任广，王怡捷，翟宇琦，张珂维，蒋凡东，曹源，周丹妮，高页茜，陆文虎，邱雁冰，黄菁晶，Andrea Grossi
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=z055922t5or&width=500&height=375&auto=0
旧里新厅 | Shared-Living Space
南京东路街道贵州西社区微更新
Micro Regeneration in West Guizhou Lilong
文/ 童明
如同大多数的上海传统里弄，黄浦区的贵州西里弄社区经历了将近一百年的历史过程，存在着较为严重的物质性老化现象。同时伴随着城市社会变迁的历程，社区内部的结构关系也日趋复杂，这相应导致了日常维护与修缮更新方面的诸多问题。
Like most Lilong communities in Shanghai, the West Guizhou Community in Huangpu district has been experiencing serious physical decay, after almost 100 years since it was constructed. With the development of the urban society, the community’s spatial and social structure has become even more complicated, which presents many challenges this project aims to face.
传统里弄生活环境的退化存在着多方面原因，其中最根本的因素在于：
1. 在经历多年演化过程后，里弄住房产权关系复杂，住户之间、公私之间边界模糊，再加上家庭结构分化重组，原居住单元不断调整，生活空间分散碎化，并相应导致单户居民生活品质的下降。
2. 原住民老龄化现象严重，经济能力相对较低，并且由于家庭生活差异较大，生活需求相对不一；居民自我更新能力日益减弱，集体合作意愿不高。同时，社区外来临时居住人口逐年增多，邻里纠纷较多，社区共识性下降。
There are two main reasons behind the degradation of the living environment:
1. Due to the rapid social and political changes since the community was constructed, situation of the property rights have become more complicated, the boundary of private and public space has been growingly blurred. The original living units have also been divided into smaller units to meet the need of the expanding number of households living in the neighbourhood, which further exacerbates the poor living conditions.
2. The current residents are mostly low-income elderly people who are usually ill-prepared to accept the different lifestyles of other neighbors or changes in the environment. At the same time, the increasing proportion of the migrants living in rental houses has intensified the conflicts among the neighbors. The residents show limited interests in being involved in community cooperation.
图1 拥挤非常的室内空间
这些因素导致许多家庭内部户内生活空间狭小，设施破损，品质陈旧。目前在里弄住户中，仍然还有60%的家庭没有独立卫生间并且需要使用公用厨房。
All of these lead to conditions like poky indoor living space, damaged shared facilities and outworn general environment. Until now, there are still 60% of the residents who do not own a private toilet and need to share kitchens with others.
贵州西里弄社区是当前上海大多数里弄社区的典型缩影。相比物质空间环境方面的问题，更重要的是社会机制方面存在的困境，这不仅有待于来自制度领域的创新，同时也需要通过积极的设计策略，通过公共部门的有效介入，激发居民个体的积极参与，形成共同合力，促进可持续性的有机更新。
What’s happening in West Guizhou Lilong community is typical of many traditional Lilong neighbourhoods in Shanghai. Underneath the problems of the physical spatial environment, what we have to face are actually dilemmas rooted in the social mechanism. To activate the public involvement and participation, as well as to promote a sustainable and urban regeneration approach, not only an innovation in the institutional field is required, but a positive intervention in the urban structure is also urgently demanded.
图2 见缝插针的公共空间
本项目主题为共享生活空间（Shared-Living Space），所要探讨的是如何在有限的空间环境里，通过一些社区微创性改造，不仅美好优化环境，强化功能，而且通过植入社区公共生活的触媒性因素，加强场所领域的归属性感受，提升公共生活的精神品质，从而带动社区朝向美好生活的共同努力。
The concept of the project is Shared-Living Space, which aims to explore the possibilities of micro-scale regeneration in the narrow space. By creating a more positive public space with interventions on public facilities, we aim to improve the overall quality of living, enhance a sense of belonging and a community consensus, and to ultimately bring individual efforts together to create a vibrant neighbourhood.
图3 微更新项目位置索引
本项目的工作对象为1800平方米的里弄空间。贵州西里弄社区自20世纪20年代开始建造以来，总体格局基本保持原样，包含三条主弄以及十数条支弄。长期以来，它们一直都是居民公共生活的重要场所。然而由于一些公共设施（如公厕、垃圾房）的不当布局，以及近年来随着人口变化和出租用房的增加，户外公共环境有所退化，成为缺乏意义界定的消极空间。
The project site is a 1800-square-meter Lilong community that was first constructed in the 1920s. Throughout history, it has maintained a layout comprising 3 main lanes and more than 10 sub-lanes. These spaces are crucial for residents’ public and social lives as they are equipped with shared facilities. However, due to improper arrangements of these facilities as well as the growingly intensive use, their general conditions have deteriorated and became negative spots in the community.
本项目的工作策略为，首先针对主弄中的公共环境进行微创性提升改造，在里弄住房成套率改造困难的前提条件下，将社区现有公共空间进行改善，营造更多的集体性、共享性生活空间，为户内生活环境较为局促的居民提供更多选择；同时，相应创作居民之间更多的交流与互动机会，引导居民的积极参与，为下一阶段在支弄，以及楼内的更新工作创造更为有利的工作环境。
As the private domestic space of a household is difficult to work on in the current situation, the strategy of the project is to work on the main public area located on the main lanes to create more collective, shareable living space. With the intention to provide spaces which would encourage more social interactions, the project try to bring back the sense of big- family as it used to be. With a full respect for the physical and social context, make maximum use of existing resources to stimulate the living environment and ultimately, to prepare the neighbourhood for the next phase of this project, in which the regeneration inside the residential buildings will take place.
图4 微更新项目方案概念
本项目的工作方法为，尽量利用社区现有资源，以最小干预的方式，针对主弄中的一些闲置、消极的设施进行微更新改造，融入各类社区生活，促使里弄及门洞成为共享性的生活空间，成为汇聚社区生活的场所。贵州西里弄社区总共有七个出入口，由于各种原因，其中的很多空间被垃圾房、厕所、门卫所占据，造成一种令人感受不良的门禁环境，形成了非常消极负面的影响。本项目针对里弄空间和七个门洞进行微更新改造，在不改变其原有置入功能的前提下，通过表面质材、开口朝向、顶部界定的微创方式，屏蔽杂乱线缆，消除不良影响，强化社区入口门厅感受，不仅在空间资源极为有限的条件下为居民提供一种起居厅的活动场所，而且也采用有活力的社区生活作为社区的门禁系统，提升社区居民的凝聚力。
On the tactical level, the project focus on dealing with surface material, relocation buildings openings and reframing of the gateway top with carefully thought construction methods to avoid damaging the original structure and disturbing residents’ daily life. By using the existing recourses on site, the project inserted micro-interventions in the lanes and gateways, renovated the unused and inactive space in the gateways, public toilets and garbage rooms in the lanes. They are then transformed into sharable living space for everyone in the community, and stimulates social interaction and the sense of belonging, which could also improve the community’s natural surveillance.
瑞康里厦门路弄[ E4 ]
瑞康里厦门路入口门洞昏暗杂乱，管线纵横。门洞一侧原有一家理发店，因面积狭小，营业时，通道空间内的桌椅常被用为理发等待区。虽然环境简陋，却时常聚有居民停歇聊天。这一营业行为向公共领域的溢出，实际上也营造了一种活跃的氛围。因此，针对这一门洞的设计采用“框景”的概念，将理发店及其扩展区域采用顶罩和背景墙面进行梳理，使它作为一个居民活动的“舞台”，而将社区活力呈现出来。
The gateway is a dark and chaotic space with cables, wires hanging overhead disorderedly. There is a barber shop at a side of the entrance, due to its limited indoor space, the waiting area sometimes spreads out to the corridor area. The local residents like to use the chairs and tables for meeting and chatting. This informal temporary occupation actually helps to bring dynamics to the public space. Therefore, the concept of this design is to provide just a ‘frame’, by which the daily life of Lilong will be put on show vividly on this stage.
图5 瑞康里[厦门路]弄口现状及微更新方案
永康里空中书房 [ H1 ]
永康里的主弄上方搭有一处小小空中阁楼，已经闲置多年。阁楼原先经由一部简易钢梯进行衔接，因梯段陡峭并多处锈蚀，严重影响使用安全。因此，本设计试图整合现有因素，将钢梯与下方的水泵房合二为一，既为空中阁楼提供一种更为安全、合理的进入方式，也改善了原先水泵房的不良造型。同时，为相邻建筑屋顶花园提供了一处潜在入口，从而将原本远离视野和感知的屋顶花园，带入到居民的日常生活之中来。
Upon the air of Yongkangli, there is a small attic suspended in between buildings on two sides. This room was connected by a precipitous, almost rotted steel staircase. The idea of this design is to transform the pump house down below to a solid staircase, providing a more comfortable and safer way to the study. On the east side, there is a roof terrace on which local residents would love to grow greenery and vegetables. This space would be unified and potentially become a nice way to this garden, previously hidden to the neighborhood.
图6 空中书房现状及微更新方案
瑞康里弄口厕所垃圾房 [ W1 ]
应缺少家用卫生间的居民所需，瑞康里的主弄内建有一间公共厕所和垃圾房。其各种开口均朝向主弄，产生不良气味，和比较尴尬的视觉影响。本设计在完全保留现有功能的基础上，试图通过调整建筑开口，增加绿化，来消解厕所、垃圾房对公共环境的负面影响，并使之成为里弄中的一处“花台”，为社区提供更多的绿色与芬芳。
On the west of the entrance Ruikangli on East Beijing Road, there is a public toilet and a garbage point. Its openings were faced to the street, which caused unpleasent smell and indecent appearance to passengers. As most Lilong household do not own a private toilet, the public toilet is essential for them. We propose a design aimed to transform the toilet to a big concrete basin with greenery and rearrangement of the openings, to create a space that blend into its surrounding better.
图7 瑞康里[北京东路]弄口现状及微更新方案
宏兴里藤花架 [ G3 ]
宏兴里是贵州西社区的主要通行弄堂，也是居民日常聚集的重要场所，通道两侧设有花池，局部搭设铁质简陋花架，爬满藤蔓。本设计试图协调主弄的穿行与停歇之间的关系，在藤蔓茂盛的部位，采用透空编织网架，勾勒了一处“家型”空间，增强居民停留谈天的场所感。
As the most popular space on site. On its both sides, there were grapes and rosebushes. The design made use of the existing elements by constructing a metal-mesh made greenhouse structure, which could not only grow plants, but also be a decorative shelter for residents. Therefore, a sense of place for interacting would be generated, and reconciled the conflict between the traffic and gathered crowd .
图8 宏兴里藤花架现状及微更新方案
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贵州西微更新项目进行时
图9 宏兴里藤花架出现雏形
图10 居民们在初步建成的小广场休憩及晾晒衣物
图11-12 永康里空中书房及水泵房初步更新完成
图13 永康里通道电动车充电墙安装完毕
图14-16 宏兴里、瑞康里、永康里弄口初步更新完成
图17 瑞康里弄口厕所投入使用
图18 通风采光良好的公厕内部
图19 蕨类植物在墙面预留的种植混凝土内萌芽
TIPS:
作为2017 SUSAS上海城市空间艺术季的参展项目, 贵州西社区微更新项目目前正在进行中，可按下图推荐路线前往项目现场参观。
梓耘斋/童明工作室
地址：上海市国康路46弄3号楼1203室
电话：021-65988610
邮箱：tm_studio@126.com
梓耘斋/童明工作室（西岸）
地址：上海市龙腾大道2555号15栋
网址：http://tm-studio.cn/