国庆专题｜党的十八大以来的新词：经济建设篇

翻吧君的话

党的“十九”大即将开幕。人民日报客户端梳理了党的十八大以来党中央治国理政的100个新名词，这将对我们更好地理解党的理论、路线、方针、政策具有重要意义。当然，对于每一个考研党来说，这些势必是政治考试的重点之一，而对于翻硕考研来说，也必不可少。翻吧君在国庆期间，将这100个词按“执政理念”、“经济建设”、“政治建设”、“社会建设”、“文化建设”、“生态文明建设”、“反腐倡廉”、“作风建设”、“国防和军队建设”和“外交和国际关系”等十个方面，以中英双语的方式呈现给大家。希望能为大家的考研准备助一臂之力！

经济建设

01

（经济）新常态

New Normal （of economic development）

新常态是指经济发展进入高效率、低成本、优结构、中高速、可持续的发展阶段，表现为经济增长速度从高速增长转向中高速增长，经济结构从增量扩能为主转向调整存量、做优增量并存的深度调整，经济发展动力从要素驱动、投资驱动向创新驱动转换三大特征。

New normal of economic development means that first the economy has shifted gear from the previous high speed to a medium-to-high speed growth. Second, the economic structure is being constantly improved and upgraded. Third, the economy is increasingly driven by innovation instead of input and investment.

02

供给侧结构性改革

supply-side structural reform

供应侧改革体现了我国政府在宏观经济政策上的新思路，也为宏观经济政策指明了方向。在我国处于新常态时期，“供给侧改革”是涵盖包括工业、宏观调控、资本和财税制度等各个方面的一项全方位战略部署。我国应推动吸收过剩产能、优化重组产业结构。企业应当通过降低成本保持竞争力。地产行业应减少库存来推动可持续发展。此外，应注意防范和减少金融风险，加快提高市场占有率。Supply-side structural reform indicates the new thinking of China's government on macroeconomic policy, and also points out the direction for its macroeconomic policy in the future. China's supply-side structural reform during the new normal is a comprehensive strategic deployment that involves various aspects including industries, macro control, capital and the fiscal and taxation systems. Absorption of excessive production capacity and industrial optimization and reorganization should be promoted. Enterprises should keep their competitive edge by reducing costs. The real estate industry should promote sustainable development through reducing stock. Besides, attention should be paid to prevent and relieve financial risks and accelerate construction of a sound share market.

03

创新驱动发展战略

the innovation-driven development strategy

面对全球新一轮科技革命与产业变革的重大机遇和挑战，面对经济发展新常态下的趋势变化和特点，面对实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史任务和要求，必须深化体制机制改革，加快实施创新驱动发展战略。It has to implement innovation-driven development strategy through strengthening institutional reforms in confronting both opportunities and challenges presented by the new round of global technological and industrial revolution, the trend changes and features under new normal of economic growth as well as the historic tasks and requirements of two centenary goals. 

04

三去一降一补

five priority tasks

去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板。cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness.

05

中国制造2025

Made in China 2025 plan

“中国制造2025”提出了我国制造强国建设三个十年的“三步走”战略，是第一个十年的行动纲领。总体思路是以促进制造业创新发展为主题，以提质增效为中心，以加快新一代信息技术与制造业融合为主线，以推进智能制造为主攻方向。

Made in China 2025 plan proposed the first ten-year plan of a “three stages” strategy which is designed to transform China into a leading manufacturing power by the year 2049, which marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It mainly focuses on the upgrading of the manufacturing sector to improve innovation ability, integrates informatization and industrialization and focuses on the development of fully-automated "smart" factories.

《规划》提出了9大任务、10大重点发展领域和5项重点工程。《规划》提出九项战略任务和重点：一是提高国家制造业创新能力；二是推进信息化与工业化深度融合；三是强化工业基础能力；四是加强质量品牌建设；五是全面推行绿色制造；六是大力推动重点领域突破发展，聚焦新一代信息技术产业、高档数控机床和机器人、航空航天装备、海洋工程装备及高技术船舶、先进轨道交通装备、节能与新能源汽车、电力装备、农机装备、新材料、生物医药及高性能医疗器械等十大重点领域；七是深入推进制造业结构调整；八是积极发展服务型制造和生产性服务业；九是提高制造业国际化发展水平。

Nine tasks have been identified as priorities: improving manufacturing innovation, integrating information technology and industry, strengthening the industrial base, fostering Chinese brands, enforcing green manufacturing, promoting breakthroughs in 10 key sectors, advancing restructuring of the manufacturing sector, promoting service-oriented manufacturing and manufacturing-related service industries, and internationalizing manufacturing.

《规划》中的十大重点领域有新一代信息技术产业、高档数控机床和机器人、航空航天装备、海洋工程装备及高技术船舶、先进轨道交通装备、节能与新能源汽车、电力装备、农机装备、新材料、生物医药及高性能医疗器械。

The 10 key sectors are new information technology, numerical control tools and robotics, aerospace equipment, ocean engineering equipment and high-tech ships, railway equipment, energy saving and new energy vehicles, power equipment, new materials, biological medicine and medical devices, and agricultural machinery.

“中国制造2025”要实施五大工程：智能制造工程、制造业创新建设工程、工业强基工程、绿色制造工程、高端装备创新工程。

To fulfill the tasks, "Made in China 2025" will focus on five major projects, including intelligent manufacturing, construction of national manufacturing innovation centers, consolidation of industrial foundation, green manufacturing and high-end equipment innovation.

06

国家大数据战略

the national big data strategy

大数据，是以容量大、类型多、存取速度快、应用价值高为主要特征的数据集合。我国将建设全国一体化的国家大数据中心，推进公共数据开放和基础数据资源跨部门、跨区域共享，提高数据应用效率和使用价值，同时，加强安全监管，严厉打击非法泄露和出卖个人数据行为，维护网络数据安全。政府将优先推动信用、交通、医疗、卫生、就业等领域的数据向社会开放，同时，研究制定工业大数据发展路线图，推动大数据和制造业融合发展。此外，还将在数据收集、存储、应用和分享时的保护，推动起草电信和互联网数据管理监管规则。Big data features huge capacity, diverse variables, speedy storage and retrieval, and high values in application. China will establish a national big data center to promote the trans-departmental, trans-regional sharing of basic data, in order to improve the practical value of data and its efficient use. Meanwhile, the government will enhance their supervision and surveillance of data, and strictly crack down on illegal practices such as data leaks and the selling of personal information. The government will first promote the openness and sharing of data in sectors such as credit, transportation, health and employment. Meanwhile, it will develop a roadmap for industrial big data, and promote the integration of big data with the manufacturing industry. In addition, the government will also enhance the protection of data during its collection, storage, application and sharing and accelerate the drawing up of regulations for telecommunications and internet data management.

07

网络强国战略 

the national cyber development strategy

中国大力发展电子商务，着力推动互联网和实体经济深度融合发展，促进资源配置优化，促进全要素生产率提升，为推动创新发展、转变经济增长方式、调整经济结构发挥积极作用。 

China encourages the development of e-commerce, promotes integration of the digital and real economies and works to optimize the allocation of resources and boost total factor productivity, which will drive innovation, transform growth model and adjust economic structure.

08

互联网思维 

Internet thinking

在（移动）互联网+、大数据、云计算等科技不断发展的背景下，对事物进行重新审视的思考方式。

Internet thinking is a way of rethinking the objects with regard of the development of (mobile) Internet Plus, big data and cloud computing. 

09

京津冀协同发展/京津冀一体化

coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region/Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration

作为国家重大战略，京津冀一体化的核心内容及任务是在京津冀地区形成交通、市场、制度、公共服务、产业等方面的一体化建设，实现区域协调发展。

As a part of China’s development strategy, the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region aims at integrating transportation network, markets, regulations, public service and industries, and taking shape of the coordinate development between these regions. 

10雄安新区Xiongan New Area雄安新区规划范围涉及河北省雄县、容城、安新3县及周边部分区域，地处北京、天津、保定腹地。设立雄安新区，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出的一项重大的历史性战略选择，是继深圳经济特区和上海浦东新区之后又一具有全国意义的新区，是千年大计、国家大事。The area spans three counties of Xiong County, Rongcheng County and Anxin County that sit at the center of the triangular area formed by Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei's provincial capital Shijiazhuang. The establishment of the Xiongan New Area is a major historic and strategic choice made by the Communist Party of China Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core. Apart from Shenzhen special economic zone and Pudong new area, it is a national-level new area with national significant and a strategy crucial for a millennium to come.Sense of gain is that all the reforms are in accordance with the requirements of the development of the Party and the nation, and they meet people's demands and expectations and the public should have greater awareness of the fruits of reform.

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编辑：翻吧君

来源：中国共产党新闻网&中国日报、新华社、党和政府的相关文件等

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