外交双语｜外交部例行记者会（2018.04.19）
2018年4月19日，外交部举行例行记者会，发言人华春莹回答了中外记者的提问。
中-美关系问题：
问：美联储18日公布近日对12个联储地区的经济状况褐皮书称，由于美政府对进口钢铁和铝加征关税，美全国范围钢铁、铝价格已上涨。美制造业、农业、交通业等不同行业企业表达了对美政府此举及未来可能对中国产品加征关税的担忧。此外，昨天美国总统特朗普与日本首相安倍晋三共见记者时称，美国对中国汽车征收的关税税率是2.5%，而中国对美国汽车征收的关税税率是25%。美国在对外贸易中的首要追求是“对等”。中方对此有何评论？
Q: The US Federal Reserve's latest "Beige Book" on the state of US business across the central bank's 12 regional districts published on April 18 said that steel and aluminum prices rose nationwide as a result of recently-imposed tariffs on imported steel and aluminum by the US government. The US manufacturing, agricultural and transportation industries and enterprises have raised their concern over the US administration's move and possible imposition of tariffs on a wider list of Chinese imports going forward. Yesterday, joined by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, US President Donald Trump told the press that the tariff rate for Chinese cars is 2.5 percent while the duty on US cars is 25 percent. "Reciprocal" will be the primary word that they're going to be using in the US trade with China. What is China's comment?
答：我们注意到有关报道。我还注意到，美国布鲁金斯学会日前也发表报告称，美中如打贸易战，将导致美国2700个县丢失超过210万个就业岗位。另外，107个工商团体已联署致函美众议院筹款委员会反对对华加征关税。你提到的美联储的这个报告再次表明，在全球经济深度融合的今天，搞单边主义和贸易保护主义，必然损人害己。
A: We have noted the relevant reports. I also noticed that the Brookings Institution said in a recently published report that the China-US trade war could jeopardize up to 2.1 million jobs in 2,700 American counties. In addition, 107 US business and industry groups already sent a letter to the House Ways and Means Committee to oppose the imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods. The Federal Reserve's report you mentioned once again shows that in today's world featuring highly interdependent global economy, seeking unilateralism and trade protectionism is self-defeating as well as harmful to others.
关于汽车关税问题，我只想提醒大家注意几个事实。第一，美国对乘用车的进口税率是2.5%，但是卡车进口税率是25%。第二，中国25%的税率是针对进口整车的，零部件只有10%。第三，美国在华销售的大部分汽车都是美国汽车公司在中国的分公司生产的。仅通用一家2017年在中国销售汽车就有400万辆左右，其旗下凯迪拉克品牌在华销售超越美本土市场。应该说美国汽车企业在中国享受了巨大红利。另一方面，美国2017年对华汽车整车出口28万多辆，而中国同年对美整车出口仅5.3万辆。因此，简单比较中美两国整车进口税率没有意义。
With regard to the issue of tariffs on imported automobiles, I only want to remind you of several facts. First, though the US tariffs on imported passenger vehicles are only 2.5%, the rate for imported trucks is as high as 25%. Second, China's 25% tariffs are levied on finished automobiles and the rate for components and parts are only 10%. Third, most of the US automobiles sold in China are manufactured by the Chinese branches of those US car-makers. General Motors alone sold as many as around 4 million vehicles in China in 2017, and the sales of its Cadillac cars in China are even bigger than those at home. It is fair to say that the US car-makers have reaped enormous dividends in China. On the other hand, the US exported over 280 thousand finished automobiles to China in 2017, while the Chinese ones exported to the US only amounted to 53 thousand over the same period. Therefore, a simple comparison of the Chinese and US tariff rate for imported finished automobiles makes no sense.
关于“对等”问题，我想说的是，就关税而言，世贸组织并没有关税对等的原则，世贸组织成员关税总水平也不尽相同。对等和公平不能自说自话，不能完全根据自身利益和需要来制定标准，而是要靠大家平等协商来制定统一的国际规则和标准，而且应由大家共同遵守。强买强卖绝不是对等和公平，在这方面如果自作聪明、自以为是，到头来可能会自食其果。
Finally, let's talk about the word "reciprocal". I would like to point out that when it comes to tariffs, the WTO doesn't have a principle of reciprocal tariffs and the overall rate varies a lot among the WTO members. The standards of reciprocity and fairness cannot be determined by oneself alone entirely on the basis of its own interests and needs. Instead, unified international rules and standards should be set up through equal negotiations by all and they should be followed by all. Imposing business deals on others is by no means reciprocal or fair, and someone who is self-righteous and presumptuous in this aspect will suffer the consequence of his action.
问：中国国家发展与改革委员会日前公布汽车业等开放新举措，这是否是对美方的回应？
Q: The National Development and Reform Commission has announced new opening-up measures regarding automobile and other industries. Can we view this as a response to the United States?
答：前几天国家发展改革委已经就此详细回答了记者提问。我们之前也多次强调过，中方将按照既定的目标和节奏进一步推进改革开放。在博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会上，习近平主席宣布了中国进一步扩大开放的一系列重大举措，这是对中国人民和世界人民的庄严承诺。
A: The National Development and Reform Commission recently has responded to the questions raised by journalists in this regard in details. We have stressed multiple times before that China will press ahead with the reform and opening-up in accordance with the set goals and tempo. At the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018, President Xi Jinping announced a series of major measures China will take to expand opening-up, which are the solemn commitments made by the Chinese people to people around the world.
中国40年的改革开放实践证明，在一定发展基础上，只有开放才能充分激发市场活力，才能倒逼企业创新，才能集聚国内外资源。中国全面开放制造业，就是表明我们反对贸易投资保护主义的鲜明态度，旗帜鲜明地支持经济全球化广泛深入发展，支持中外企业在公平竞争环境下实现共同发展。我们相信，中国新一轮开放将有力促进深层次改革、高质量发展，促进产业竞争和资源优化配置，激发更大市场活力，推动形成全面开放新格局。
The experience of China's endeavor to pursue reform and opening-up in the past four decades demonstrates that on the basis of a certain degree of development, only opening-up can fully stimulate market vitality, compel enterprises to pursue innovation and amass resources from both home and abroad. The full opening-up of our manufacturing industry demonstrates that we are crystal clear in our stance against trade and investment protectionism and that we unequivocally support the extensive and in-depth development of economic globalization and both Chinese and foreign enterprises in achieving common development on a level playing field. We believe that the new round of China's opening-up will deepen reform, promote the high-quality development, competition among industries and the optimal allocation of resources, further energize the market and break new ground in opening up in all-round way.
我们欢迎世界各国共享中国开放和发展的机遇。当然，谁对中国搞保护主义，对中国关闭大门，也就等于自我关闭了通向中国的大门。
We welcome other counties' sharing of the opportunities brought by China's opening up and development. It goes without saying that whoever pursues protectionism and closes its own door to China will end up in locking the door that leads to China.
问：据报道，近日美国会众院科学、太空和技术委员会下属小组委举行听证会时，一些人指责中国专家学者和留学生“剽窃”美科研成果、中国人才计划对美造成威胁，要求美政府采取措施收紧、限制中美科技交流合作。中方对此有何评论？
Q: According to reports, in a recent subcommittee hearing of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, some accused Chinese experts, scholars and students of "stealing" US scientific and technological outcomes and described China's talents program as a threat to the US, asking the US government to tighten up and restrict scientific and technological communication and cooperation with China. What is your comment?
答：美国一些人的言论纯属无中生有、极不负责任，是对中国专家学者和留学生的蓄意诬蔑。
A: Certain US people's highly irresponsible remarks are sheer fabrication and constitute a deliberate slander against Chinese experts, scholars and students.
中美人文交流符合两国人民的期望，对双方都有利。
The people-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and the US meet the aspirations of the two peoples and are beneficial to both sides.
朝鲜半岛问题：
问：据报道，韩国统一部发言人昨天表示，韩方将与朝方协商，发表宣布结束两国战争状态的宣言，构建半岛永久和平机制。中方对此有何评论？
Q: According to reports, the ROK Ministry of Unification spokesperson yesterday said that the ROK will consult with the DPRK to release a declaration to end the state of war and establish a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. What is your comment?
答：中方认为，按照“双轨并进”思路同步推进半岛无核化与建立半岛和平机制，是彻底解决半岛问题的有效办法。中方支持半岛早日结束战争状态，有关各方合力构建半岛和平机制。作为半岛问题当事方，中方愿为此发挥积极作用。
A: We believe that denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and establishing a peace regime in parallel in accordance with the "dual-track" approach is an effective way to fundamentally resolve the Korean Peninsula issue. China supports an early end to the state of war and the establishment of a peace regime on the Peninsula with the concerted efforts of all relevant parties. As a party concerned to the Peninsula issue, China is willing to play a positive role to this end.
中国-大洋洲关系问题：
问：据报道，中国驻澳大利亚大使最近在接受当地媒体采访时，再次否认了中国对澳进行政治渗透。他还表示，如果两国之间的不信任感继续增强，将影响两国经贸关系。对此，正在伦敦访问的澳大利亚总理特恩布尔表示，澳中经贸关系很稳固并强劲发展，但同时表示，澳不会在防止海外政治渗透问题上退缩。中方对此有何评论？
Q: According to reports, the Chinese Ambassador to Australia, when recently giving an interview to the local media, once again denied China's political infiltration in Australia. He also said that the buildup of mistrust between China and Australia would affect bilateral trade and economic relations. Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, who is on a visit in London now, responded that the bilateral trade and economic relations are stable and enjoy strong development, but he also said that Australia would not retreat when it comes to preventing foreign political infiltration. What is your comment?
答：我从两方面回答你的问题：第一，关于政治渗透，我们此前在不同场合已多次应询作出回应。国与国之间都有正常的人员往来，在各领域都可以开展正常的交流合作。如果把正常的交流都看作是渗透，那么他最好把自己关在黑屋子里，自我隔离。抱有这种心态的人，需要好好反思。
A: I will answer your question from the following two perspectives. First, with regard to political infiltration, we have responded to it on multiple occasions. There are normal people-to-people exchanges between countries and normal exchanges and cooperation can be conducted in various fields. If one views normal exchanges as infiltration, he had better lock himself in a dark room to isolate himself. People with such a mindset should reflect on themselves.
第二，关于中澳关系，国与国之间正常、友好的交流合作，都需要可靠或稳固的互信作为支撑。如果没有了互信，其他领域的交流与合作也就无从谈起。我们希望澳方采取实际行动，纠正对中国的偏见和歧视性做法，与中方共同努力增进彼此互信，为双方在各领域正常交流合作创造良好、宽松的氛围与条件。
Second, regarding China-Australia relations, the normal and friendly exchanges and cooperation between countries should be underpinned by reliable and strong mutual trust. Without mutual trust, exchanges and cooperation in other areas would be impossible. We hope that the Australian side can make concrete efforts to discard its prejudices and discriminatory practices against China, join hands with China to step up mutual trust and create enabling conditions and relaxing atmosphere for our exchanges and cooperation across the board.
问：据报道，针对中国在太平洋地区影响力上升，澳大利亚领导人将利用近日出席英联邦国家首脑会议机会，敦促英联邦国家加强在太平洋地区存在。此前，澳方官员曾指责中国在瓦努阿图建立军事基地，遭到瓦方驳斥。我们注意到，日前，斐济最大报纸发表了瓦努阿图一家媒体负责人文章说，瓦从本周起开始从火山喷发的阿姆巴伊岛上转移居民，成千上万的民众就要使用中国援建的码头，而正是这些码头被澳称作未来中国海军基地，文章呼吁澳方倾听岛国呼声，不要醉心于自己的“恶意揣测”。中方对此有何评论？
Q: According to reports, in response to China's growing influence in the Pacific region, the Australian leaders will use the upcoming Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting to urge the members of the Commonwealth to step up their presence in that region. Previously, the Australian officials once criticized China of building a military base in Vanuatu, which has been refuted by Vanuatu. We noted that a Vanuatu media director's article recently published in Fiji's largest newspaper says that this week Vanuatu began to evacuate hundreds of thousands of residents from the island of Ambae as a volcano there erupted, using the Chinese-aided wharfs that were called the future Chinese naval base by Australia. The article calls on Australia to heed the voice of the island countries and stop indulging in its "malicious speculation". What is your comment?
答：我看到了报道。的确，有关国家应放下身段，学会真正聆听别国或别人的呼声。诋毁或遏制别人赢不来对自己的尊重。对岛国的关心和帮助不应只挂在嘴上，而应体现在实实在在的行动中。
A: I have seen that report. Indeed, the relevant country should put aside its arrogance and learn to listen to the voice of other countries and people with an open mind. Slander or containment won't win respect from others. Action speaks louder than words when it comes to lending help to the island countries.
国际组织问题：
问：据《德国商报》报道，欧盟多国驻华大使共同支持一份批评“一带一路”倡议的报告，报告称中国通过该倡议阻碍了自由贸易，并将中国企业置于优势地位。中方对此有何评论？
Q: Handelsblatt reported that the European Union countries' ambassadors to China supported a report criticizing the Belt and Road Initiative, which alleged that China has blocked free trade and put Chinese enterprises at advantage through this initiative. What is your comment?
答：中方注意到相关报道。据我了解，欧盟方面已向中方作出澄清，《德国商报》有关报道是不符合事实的。
A: We have noted this report. According to my information, the EU side has clarified with China that the report by Handelsblatt is inconsistent with facts.
大家可能记得，多数欧盟国家领导人都对参与“一带一路”建设公开表达了兴趣。比如，前不久，荷兰首相吕特在出席博鳌亚洲论坛年会时表示，荷兰对“一带一路”兴趣浓厚。法国总统马克龙访华时呼吁整个欧洲都积极参与“一带一路”。英国首相特雷莎·梅也表示，“一带一路”合作倡议具有深远的世界影响，希望英中开展“一带一路”合作，促进全球和区域经济增长。
You may still remember that the leaders of most EU countries have in public expressed their interest in joining the Belt and Road Initiative. For example, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte said his country was highly interested in the Belt and Road Initiative while attending the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018 not long ago. French President Emmanuel Macron called on the whole Europe to actively engage in the initiative during his visit to China. British Prime Minister Theresa May said that the Belt and Road Initiative has far-reaching influence over the globe and she hopes that the UK and China will carry out cooperation under the initiative to promote global and regional economic growth.
中方多次强调，“一带一路”是谋求互利共赢、共同发展的全球公共产品。“一带一路”建设遵循共商共建共享原则，遵循市场规律和国际通行规则，致力实现高质量、可持续发展。我昨天也说过，“一带一路”是一个阳光倡议。无论是规划合作蓝图还是实施具体项目，都由参与方商量着办，一切都在阳光下运行，坚持公开透明。
China has stressed many times that the Belt and Road Initiative is a global public good for mutual benefit, win-win outcomes and common development. The Belt and Road Initiative follows the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits as well as the market law and established international rules, with a view to achieving high-quality sustainable development. As I said yesterday, the Belt and Road Initiative is a transparent one. No matter in cooperation planning or projects implementation, everything is decided through consultation and operated in an open and transparent manner.
你提到有人说中国试图通过“一带一路”倡议阻碍自由贸易，这样的说法显然不符合事实。促进贸易畅通、推动贸易自由化便利化是“一带一路”倡议的一个重要组成部分。这个世界上的确还有不少贸易壁垒，但谁能指出来哪一个壁垒是由中方的“一带一路”倡议造成的？恰恰相反，与中国签署共建“一带一路”合作协议的80多个国家都支持通过“一带一路”促进贸易畅通。希望有关方面正确理解和解读“一带一路”。
The accusation mentioned by you that China is capitalizing on the Belt and Road Initiative to block free trade is obviously inconsistent with facts. Promoting unimpeded trade and enhancing trade liberalization and facilitation constitute an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative. There are indeed many trade barriers in the world, but who can tell me which is attributed to China's Belt and Road Initiative? On the contrary, those more than 80 countries that have inked cooperation agreements with China under the Belt and Road Initiative all support promoting unimpeded trade through the initiative. We hope that relevant parties can look at and interpret the Belt and Road Initiative in an objective and correct manner.
其它问题：
问：昨天，国家国际发展合作署正式成立。请问国家国际发展合作署的成立对于新时代的中国外交有何意义？
Q: The China International Development Cooperation Agency was officially unveiled yesterday. What is the significance of this agency to China's diplomacy in a new era?
答：昨天，国家国际发展合作署举行揭牌仪式，中共中央政治局委员、中央外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪、国务委员兼外长王毅出席了国家国际发展合作署的揭牌仪式。组建国家国际发展合作署，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足党和国家事业发展全局作出的重大决策，是维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重大举措，对推进国家外交总体布局，促进“一带一路”国际合作具有重大而深远的意义。60多年来，中国弘扬国际主义精神，坚持平等相待、互相尊重、注重实效、互利共赢等基本原则，力所能及地向其他发展中国家提供了不附加任何政治条件的援助，开创了具有中国特色的对外援助模式，赢得了国际社会特别是广大发展中国家人民的高度赞誉。
A: The unveiling ceremony for the China International Development Cooperation Agency was held yesterday. Member of the Political Bureau and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee Yang Jiechi and State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi attended the ceremony. Setting up this agency is an important decision made by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping at its core for the development of the Party and the country. It is a major initiative to uphold world peace and promote common development, which has a far-reaching significance for the general layout of China's diplomacy and the international cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative. During the past 60-plus years, we have carried forward the spirit of internationalism and followed the basic principles of equality, mutual respect, results orientation and mutual benefit to offer assistance to other developing countries with no political strings attached as our capacity allows. We have created a foreign assistance model with Chinese characteristics, which has won high acclaim from the international community, especially the developing countries.
当前，国际格局发生重要演变，人类社会面临十字路口，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。中国将按照习近平总书记所强调的，继续秉持正确义利观和真实亲诚理念，加强同发展中国家团结合作，加大对发展中国家特别是最不发达国家援助力度，缩小南北差距，推动构建人类命运共同体，为人类社会的共同繁荣和进步作出更大贡献。
Presently, the international landscape is undergoing big changes and the human society is at a crossroads. The socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Just as General Secretary Xi Jinping highlighted, we will uphold justice and pursue shared interests and adhere to the principles of sincerity, real results, affinity and good faith to enhance solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. We will increase assistance to other developing countries, the least developed countries in particular, bridge the north-south gap and forge a community with a shared future for mankind so as to make greater contributions to the common prosperity and progress of the human society.
发言人：华春莹
来源：外交部中英文网站
注：本文根据问题内容分类，与原文顺序有所不同。
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