人教版英语八年级上册课堂笔记(句型、词法、语法)可下载
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unit 1
重点短语
1. stay at home 待在家里
stayed (stay的过去式)
2. go to the mountains 去山上
went (go的过去式)
3. go to summer camp 去夏令营
4. visit museums 参观博物馆
5. meet someone interesting
碰见某个有趣的人
met(meet的过去式)
6. do something interesting
做些有趣的事
7. study for tests 为考试做准备
studied(study的过去式)
8. be on vacation 在度假
9. didn't go anywhere wonderful
没有去精彩的地方
10. take quite a few photos拍了不少的照片
took(take的过去式)
11. of course 当然
12. go to a friend's farm 去朋友的农场
13. in the countryside 在乡下
14. feed some hens and see some baby pigs
喂母鸡和看到一些小猪仔
fed(feed的过去式);saw(see的过去式)
15. seem to be bored 看上去很无聊
It seems that... 看来……
16. keep a diary/keep diaries 记日记
kept(keep的过去式)
17. an activity 一次活动
activities(activity的复数形式)
18. an expensive gift 一份昂贵的礼物
19. an exciting vacation一个令人兴奋的假期
20. buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
bought(buy的过去式)
21. have a good time 玩得开心
have a good time doing sth. 做某事开心
22. find something enjoyable 找点乐子
found(find的过去式)
23. arrive in (+大地方)/arrive at (+小地方)
get to (+地方)
reach (+地方) 到达……
24. decide to go to the beach 决定去海滩
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
25. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
have a try 尝试一下
26. feel like sth. 感觉像某物
feel like doing sth. 想做某事
27. ride bicycles to sp. 骑自行车去某地
rode(ride的过去式)
28. a lot of new buildings 许多新建筑物
29. the houses of the Chinese traders中国商人的房子
30. enjoy walking around 喜欢到处走走
31. walk up to the top 走到山顶
32. wait over an hour for the train等火车一个多小时
33. rain hard 雨下得大
34. be/get wet 淋湿
got(get的过去式)
35. have an umbrella 有一把雨伞
36. because of 因为;由于
37. can't see anything below
看不见下面的东西
38. bring enough money 带足够的钱
brought(bring的过去式)
39. along the way 沿途
40. another two hours=two more hours
再两小时
41. in the shopping center 在购物中心
42. on our school trip 在我们学校郊游中
43. a bag with food and water
一个装着食物和水的袋子
44. find out 弄清楚;查明白
45. so... that...如此……以至于……
46. Beijing duck 北京烤鸭
47. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
48. go on 继续
49. jump up and down in excitement
兴奋得跳上跳下
50. start to come up 开始出现
重点句型
1. Long time no see. 好久不见。
2. I was on vacation last month. 上个月我在休假。
3. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.
我大多数时间只是待在家里阅读、放松。
4. I bought something for my parents, but nothingfor myself.
我给我父母买了些东西,但没给我自己买。
5. The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.
唯一的问题就是晚上除了看书没什么事可做。
6. I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
7. I wonder what life was like here in the past.
我想知道过去这儿的生活是怎样的。
8. What a difference a daymakes!
一天的差异多大啊!
9. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard.
当我们到达山顶时,雨下得很大。
10. Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below.
由于天气不好,下面的东西我们什么都看不见。
11. The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill. 从山顶往下看,城市非常精彩。
12. It was so beautiful that we forgot about the last five hours!
它是如此美丽以至于我们忘记了之前5个小时(的辛苦)。
词法精选
1. quite a few
a few 意为“一些;若干”,相当于some。few意为“几乎没有”,后跟可数名词复数形式。quite a few 意为“相当多;不少”,相当于many,后跟可数名词复数形式。如:
①There are a few pictures in the book.
书里有一些图画。
②He is a quiet boy and he has few words.
他是一个安静的男孩,几乎不说话。
③He has a few good friends here.
他在这里有一些好朋友。
2. seem
seem可作不及物动词或系动词,后面可接形容词、不定式或从句。如:
①Everything seems easy.
一切似乎都很容易。
②He seems to have a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
③It seems that no one likes this film.
似乎没人喜欢这部电影。
3. try doing 与 try to do
try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”;try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”;try one's best to do sth. 意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。如:
①I tried calling him, but no one answered.
我试着给他打电话,但没人接。
②I tried my best to get good grades.
我尽最大努力取得好成绩。
③I'm trying to learn English well.
我正在努力学好英语。
4.enough
(1)当enough为形容词作定语时,放在名词前,既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。如:
①We have enough clothes for all the children. 我们为孩子准备了足够的衣服。
②As teenagers, we need enough sleep.
作为青少年,我们需要足够的睡眠。
(2)当enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在它们之后。如:
①This house isn't big enough for us.
这房子对我们来说不够大。
②He knows the situation well enough.
他对情况了如指掌。
(3)形容词/副词+enough+to do sth. 意为“足够地……,可以……”。如:
He is old enough to look after himself.
他足够地大,可以照顾他自己了。
句法精析
1. How did you like it?你觉得它怎么样?
How do you like...?意为“你觉得……怎么样”,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当于What do you think of...?或How do you feel about...? 如:
①How do you like the new teacher?
你觉得新来的老师怎么样?
②What do you think of your new job?
=Howdo you feel about your new job?
你觉得你的新工作怎么样?
2. What a difference a day makes!
一天的差异多大啊!
如:
What a beautiful girl she is!
她是一个多么美丽的女孩啊!
也可以表达为:How beautiful the girl is!
语法精讲
1. 反身代词
除第三人称是人称代词宾格加-self或-selves构成外,其余各人称都是形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成。即:myself, yourself, himself, herself,itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
(1)反身代词作宾语,位于及物动词或介词之后。如:
①They enjoyed themselves very much at the party. 他们在聚会上玩得非常高兴。
②I cut myself with a knife.
我用刀把自己割伤了。
【注意】反身代词表示动作回到主语本身,所以它应该与动作发出者在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)反身代词作主语的同位语,起强调作用,此时其位置可在主语之后,也可在句末。如:
①I myself can finish it on time.
我自己能准时完成。
②He worked out the problem himself.
他自己解决了这个问题。
(3)反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself 自学
learn by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得开心
by oneself 独自
2. 复合不定代词
something, somebody, someone,anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody,everyone等不定代词。
(1)与形容词连用时,形容词必须置于复合不定代词之后,语法上称作“后置”。如:
①I bought something special for my mother.
我给我妈妈买了样特别的东西。
②Did you meet anyone interesting?
你遇见了有趣的人吗?
(2)复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,当它们做句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:
①There's something wrong with my bike.
我的自行车破了。
②Nobody knows the answer to thequestion.
没人知道这个问题的答案。
(3)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的疑问句中,用something, someone,somebody等复合不定代词。如:
Why don't you ask someone to helpyou?
你为什么不叫个人来帮你呢?
(4)当anything表示“任何事(物);无论何事(物)”, anyone, anybody表示“无论谁;任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:
①Anything is OK. 什么都行。
②Anybody knows the answer.
任何人都知道答案。
3. 过去时态句法结构
(1)肯定形式:
主语+动词过去式+其他。如:
She came to help us last weekend.
她上周来帮我们。
(2)否定形式:
1)主语+was/were+not+其他.
2)主语+didn't+动词原形+其他.
如:
I didn't know you like coffee.
我不知道你喜欢咖啡。
(3)一般疑问句:
1)Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
2)Was/Were+主语+表语?
如:
Did he finish his homework?
他完成他的作业了吗?
(4)特殊疑问句:
1)特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
2)特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他?
如:
Where did you go last week?
你上周去哪里了?
unit 2
重点短语
1. help with housework 帮着做家务
2. use the Internet 使用互联网
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. my favorite TV program(s)我最喜欢的电视节目
5. how often 多久一次
6. have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈与钢琴课
7. swing dance摇摆舞
swung(swing的过去式)
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. play tennis with friends 与朋友打网球
10. stay up late 熬夜
11. eat a healthy breakfast吃一顿健康的早餐
12. play sports 进行体育运动
13. at least/at most twice a week 一周至少/最多两次
14. be good for my health 有利于我的健康
healthy(health的形容词形式)
15. eat junk food 吃垃圾食品
16. drink coffee 喝咖啡
drank(drink的过去式)
17. No. 5 High School students
第5中学学生
18. in one's free time 在某人的空余时间
19. ask them about their free time activities
询问他们关于他们的业余活动
20. not... at all 根本不……
21. go online 上网
22. be surprised that... 感到惊讶
23. use it for fun 为了取乐而使用它
24. the answers to the questions 这些问题的答案
25. one to three times a week 一周一到三次
26. two percent of the students 2%的学生
27. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
28. such as 例如
29. spend time with yourf riends
与你的朋友共度时光
spent(spend的过去式)
30. spend time on sth./in doing sth.花时间在某事上/做某事
31. play together 一起玩
32. watch TV for over 2 hours看两个多小时电视
33. go to the dentist 去看牙医
34. a 16-year-old high school student
一名16岁的中学生
35. have a lot of good habits有许多好习惯
36. more/less than two hours多/少于两小时
37. go to the dentist for teeth cleaning 去牙医处清洁牙齿
38. go to the shopping center去购物中心
重点句型
1. Next week is quite full for me.
下周我的安排很满。
2. I go to the movies maybe once a month.
我大概一个月看一次电影。
3. He hardly ever watchesTV. 他几乎不看电视。
4. My mother wants me to drink milk.
我妈想让我喝牛奶。
5. Here are the results. 这些是调查结果。
6. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现我们的学生只有15%的人每天锻炼。
7. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
大多数学生用它(互联网)来玩而不是用来做作业。
8. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.
对我们提出的有关看电视的问题的回答也颇有意思。
9. We think the best way to relax is through exercise. It is healthy for the mind and the body.
我们认为最好的放松方法是通过锻炼。它有益于身心健康。
10. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。
词法精选
1. maybe
maybe是副词,意为“或许;大概;可能”。
maybe 与may be的区别:
(1)maybe 是副词,作状语,常位于句首。如:
Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。
(2)may be是“情态动词+be动词”结构,意为“可能是;可能”,一般放在句中。如:
①The man may be a teacher.
=Maybe the man is a teacher. 这个男的或许是个老师。
②They may be in the classroom.
=Maybe they are in the classroom. 他们也许在教室里。
2. health
(1)health为不可数名词,意为“健康”,其形容词形式为healthy,意为“健康的”。如:
①Doing sports is good for our health.
做运动对我们的健康有好处。
②The old man looks very healthy.
这位老人看起来非常健康。
(2)be in good health=be healthy, 意为“身体健康”;
keep in good health=keep healthy,意为“保持健康”。如:
①You must eat more vegetables to keep healthy.
为了保持健康,你必须吃更多蔬菜。
②The old man is in very good health.
这位老人身体非常健康。
3. such as
such as=like,意为“例如;像……这样”,后面跟名词或者动名词。如:
I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing.
我有许多爱好,比如看书和唱歌。
【注意】such as对前面的复数名词起部分列举作用,一般不全部列出。
4. die
die既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词,意为“消失;灭亡;死亡”,过去式为died,现在分词为dying。如:
①He died three years ago. 他三年前去世了。
②The dog on the ground is dying.
地上那只狗快死了。
句法精析
1. She says it’s good for my health.
她说这对我身体有好处。
be good for 意为“对……有好处”,反义词组be bad for 意为“对……有坏处”。如:
Eating vegetables and doing sports are good for your health.
吃蔬菜和做运动对你的健康有好处。
2. Here are the results. 这些是调查结果。
here 位于句首,句子要倒装。如:
①Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克。
②Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。
3. We were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.
我们很惊讶90%的学生每天使用互联网。
(1)be surprised意为“惊讶”,后面跟宾语从句。如:
I was surprised that he came here yesterday.
他昨天来这里我感到很惊讶。
(2)be surprised at+名词或名词性短语,意为“对……感到惊讶”。如:
He was surprised at the news.
他对这个消息感到惊讶。
(3)be surprised to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。如:
She was surprised to find her handbag missing.
她很惊讶地发现她的手提包不见了。
(4)to one's surprise意为“使某人感到惊讶的是……”。如:
To our surprise, he won the game.
令我们惊讶的是,他赢得了比赛。
4. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过上网或者看游戏节目来放松是好的,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
(1)It's good to do sth.意为“做某事是好的”。它是It's+形容词+todo sth.句型的一种形式, it作形式主语, to do sth.是真正的主语。如:
It's good to read aloud in English in the morning.
早上朗读英语是好的。
(2)the best way to do sth.意为“做某事最好的方法”,其中to do sth.是动词不定式作后置定语,也可表达为the best way of doing sth.。如:
I know the best way to clean the car.=I know the best way of cleaning the car.
我知道洗车最好的方法。
(3)by using the Internet or watching game shows,其中by为介词,表示“通过某种方式”,置于动名词前表示方法、手段、原因等。如:
I study English by listening to English songs. 我通过听英文歌曲学习英语。
语法精讲
频度副词
(1)在句子中,频度副词常放在实义动词前面, be动词、情态动词和助动词后面。如:
He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。
(2)常用频度副词:always(总是)→usually(通常)→often(经常)→sometimes(有时)→hardly ever(几乎不)→never(从不)
常见词组:oncea week 一周一次;twice a month 每月两次;one to three times a year 一年一到三次;two or three times a day 一天两次或三次;every day 每天;every three minutes 每三分钟
(3)对频度副词提问用how often,意为“多久一次”。如:
①—How often do you play sports?
你多久运动一次?
—Three times a week. 一周三次。
②—How often does he watch TV?
他多长时间看一次电视?
—He watches TV every day.
他每天看电视。
unit 3
重点短语
1. work harder 更加努力工作
2. sing more loudly 唱得更响亮
3. both... and... ……和……都
4. more outgoing 更加外向的
5. more hard-working更加努力工作的
6. get up earlier 起得更早
7. win the singing competition 赢得歌唱比赛
won(win的过去式)
8. sing more clearly 唱得更清楚
sang(sing的过去式)
9. be more talented in music 在音乐方面更有天赋
10. do the same things as me与我做相同的事
11. be good at sports 擅长运动
12. truly care about me 真正关心我
true(truly的形容词形式)
13. make me laugh 使我发笑
14. a good listener 一个好的倾听者
15. more serious 更加严肃的
16. as long as 只要
17. be different from... 与……不同
18. bring out 使显现;使表现出
49. be less hard-working 不太努力
20. in fact 事实上
21. break one's arm弄断某人的手臂
broke(break的过去式)
22. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
23. be similar to... 与……相似
24. student helper wanted招聘学生助手
25. the English Study Center英语学习中心
26. a weekend student helper一个周末学生助手
27. primary school students小学生
28. get/have good grades in English英语成绩好
29. be good with children善于同孩子打交道
30. get the job 得到这份工作
31. call... at... for more information
拨打电话……联系……以获取更多信息
重点句型
1. Sam has longer hair than Tom.
=Sam's hair is longer than Tom's.
萨姆的头发比汤姆的长。
2. She also sings more loudly than Tara.
她唱歌也比塔拉响亮。
3. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.
蒂娜比塔拉更外向。
4. Tara works as hard as Tina.
塔拉与蒂娜学习一样努力。
5. Nelly danced better than Lisa.
内莉跳舞比莉萨好。
6. The most important thing is to learn something new.
最重要的事情是学一些新的东西。
7. They're both tall. 他们两个都高。
8. A good friend is like a mirror.
好朋友就像一面镜子。
9. That's why I like reading books and I study harder in class.
这便是我喜欢看书,且在班上学习更加努力的原因。
10. I'm shy, so it's not easy for me to make friends.
我害羞,所以对我来说交朋友不易。
11. I think friends are like books—you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good.
我认为朋友就像书——不在多而贵在好。
12. It's not necessary to be the same.
没有必要相同。
13. I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
我并不很在乎我的朋友和我一样还是不同。
14. My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.
我最好的朋友(能够)帮我激发出自己的所能。
15. My favorite saying is, “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.”
我最喜欢的格言是:“一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助,使你感动。”
16. We can talk about and share everything.
我们可以谈论和分享一切。
17. She's always there to listen. 她随时准备倾听。
词法精选
1. quietly 与 quiet
(1)quietly 为副词,意为“安静地;轻声地”,比较级为more quietly。
(2)quiet为形容词,意为“安静的”,也可表示人的性格,意为“文静的”,比较级为quieter。如:
①She is a quiet girl. 她是一个文静的女孩。
②Your father is sleeping. Please speak quietly. 你父亲正在睡觉,请小点声说。
2. hard-working与work hard
hard-working意为“用功的”,作定语修饰名词或作表语。
work hard意为“努力工作”, hard为副词修饰动词work。
3. be talented in
be talented in 意为“在……方面有天赋”,后面跟名词或者动名词。如:
①The boy is talented in painting.
这个男孩在画画方面有天赋。
②My little sister is talented in playing the piano. 我的小妹妹在弹钢琴方面有天赋。
4. as longas
as long as 意为“只要;和……一样长;长达”。
如:
①You can go out as long as you can come back before eleven o'clock.
只要你能在十一点前回来,你就可以出去。
②This river is as long as that one.
这条河与那条河一样长。
③He lived abroad for as long as five years.
他在国外生活长达五年之久。
句法精析
形容词和副词的比较级
(1)两方比较,表示一方超过另一方,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如:
Tina is taller than Tara. 蒂娜比塔拉个子高。
(2)比较级前可以加表示程度的状语来修饰,如much, even, a lot, a little, still, far等。如:
He works even harder than before.
他甚至比以前更努力工作了。
(3)表示一方不及另一方时,可以用“less+形容词或副词原级+than”的结构表示。如:
Larry is much less hard-working than me.
拉里比我学习更不用功。
(4)用“the+比较级(+主语+谓语), the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”的结构表示“越……越……”。如:
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
他工作越努力,他就越开心。
(5)用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构表示“越来越……”。如:
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
天气变得越来越暖和了。
(6)两者比较时,只能用比较级。当有 of the two 之类的范围状语时,比较级前需要加定冠词 the。如:
She is the friendlier of the two sisters.
两姐妹中,她更友好。
unit 4
重点短语
1. at the movie theater 在电影院
2. the biggest screens 最大的屏幕
3. be closer to home 离家更近
4. buy tickets the most quickly 最快速地买票
5. the shortest waiting time最短的等候时间
6. the most comfortable seats最舒适的座位
7. the best clothes store 最好的服装店
8. the worst store 最差的商店
bad, worse(worst的原级与比较级)
9. buy clothes the most cheaply买到最便宜的衣服
10. play the most boring songs播放最无聊的歌曲
11. choose songs the most carefully 选歌最仔细
chose(choose的过去式)
12. in town 在镇上
13. welcome to the neighborhood欢迎来这个小区
14. so far 到目前为止
15. sit the most comfortably 坐得最舒适
16. have the worst service有最差的服务
17. buy the freshest food 买最新鲜的食物
18. pretty bad 相当差
19. act the best in that movie在那部电影中表演得最好
20. the most creative magician最有创造力的魔术师
21. the best performer 最佳演员
22. the most talented person最有天赋的人
23. around the world 世界各地
24. have one thing in common有一个共同点
25. look for 寻找
26. all kinds of people 各种各样的人
27. sing the most beautifully唱得最悦耳
28. be up to 是……的职责;由……决定
29. play a role in doing sth.在做……方面起作用
30. get a good prize 得到一个好的奖励
31. make up 编造
32. for example 例如
33. take these shows seriously 认真对待这些节目
34. make their dreams come true使他们的梦想实现
35. sing fast songs very well唱快歌唱得很好
36. the best chess player 最好的棋手
37. the best place to go to可以去的最好的地方
38. the street performers 街头艺人
39. enjoy the time quietly 安静地享受时光
重点句型
1. Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。
2. They try to look for the best singers, the most talented dancers, the most exciting magicians, the funniest actors and soon.
他们尽力寻找最好的歌手,最有天赋的舞者,最令人兴奋的魔术师,最滑稽的演员等等。
3. My cousin Li Jiang is the funniest person I know.
我的表兄李江是我所知道的最滑稽的人。
4. It's always interesting to watch other people show their talents.
观看别人的才艺表演总是很有趣的。
5. Talent shows are getting more and more popular. 才艺表演越来越受欢迎了。
6. That's up to you to decide. 那由你自己来决定。
7. However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows.
然而,并不是每个人都喜欢看这些节目。
8. They give people a way to make their dreams come true.
它们给了人们一个实现他们梦想的途径。
9. There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.
在绿木公园每个人都可以找到适合自己的东西。
词法精选
1. be close to
be close to=be near to=be not far from,意为“离……近”, close 和near在这里为形容词。如:
My home is close to the cinema.
我家离电影院近。
2. have... in common
have... in common意为“有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同”,其中common用作名词。如:
①All these shows have one thing in common. 所有这些表演都有一个相同的特征。
②He and his brother have nothing in common. 他和他哥哥毫无共同之处。
common 也可以作形容词,意为“共同的;共有的;普遍的;常见的”,可作定语和表语。如:
We have common interests and hobbies.
我们有共同的兴趣和爱好。
3. be up to
(1)be up to sb. to do sth.意为“应由某人做某事”,常用it作形式主语。如:
It's up to me to help you with your English.
应由我来帮你学习英语。
(2)be up to sb. 意为“由某人决定;随某人”。如:
Whether we will hang out on weekends is up to you. 我们周末是否能一起逛逛,取决于你。
4. play a role in
play a role in 意为“在……方面发挥作用”,其后接名词或者动名词。如:
People who watch TV play a role in deciding the winner.
看电视的人在决定谁胜出方面起着作用。
5. give
give sb. sth. 给某人某物=give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人。如:
I gave a book to my daughter as a gift on her birthday.=I gave my daughter abook as a gift on her birthday.
我在女儿生日那天给了她一本书作为礼物。
句法精析
1. My cousin Li Jing is the funniest person I know. 我的堂弟李京是我认识的最有趣的人。
the funniest person I know意为“我认识的最有趣的人”,此短语出现,形容词或副词要用最高级形式,因为我认识的人肯定不止三人。如:
It's the most exciting movie I'veever seen.
这是我看过的最令人兴奋的一部电影。
2. And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to maketheir dreams come true.
有关它们的一件了不起的事情是,它们给人们指明了一条让他们梦想成真的道路。
这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句, that引导的句子是一个表语从句。如:
The only problem is that there is nothing much to do in the evening but read.
唯一的问题是晚上除了阅读没什么事情可做。
3. There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.
在绿木公园每个人都可以找到适合自己的东西。
There is something for everyone+地点,地点可以放在句末,也可以放在句首,表示“在……每个人都可以找到适合自己的东西”,是推荐一个地方时的常用结构。如:
In the museum, there's something for everyone. 在博物馆,每个人都会找到各自的所爱。
语法精讲
形容词和副词的最高级
(1)三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示,在副词的最高级中the可以省略。这种句式常带有表示比较范围的介词短语:of+表示一群人或事(物)的名词或代词,in+表示单位或场所的名词。如:
①Jim is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in our class.
吉姆是这三个人中个子最高的,他在我们班学习最用功。
②My mother is the busiest in my family.
我妈妈是我们家最忙的人。
(2)最高级可被序数词修饰。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
(3)“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。如:
Mo Yan is one of the most famous writers in the world. 莫言是世界上最著名的作家之一。
unit 5
重点短语
1. watch a talk show/talkshows 看脱口秀(谈话节目)
2. mind sth./doing sth.介意某事(物)/介意做某事
3. can't stand news 无法忍受新闻
stood(stand的过去式)
4. can't stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事
5. find out 查明;弄清
6. have a discussion aboutsth.关于某事进行一次讨论
7. learn some great jokesfrom sitcoms 从情景喜剧中学到一些很棒的笑话
8. more educational 更有教育意义的
9. think of 想到;认为
10. plan to watch a sportsshow打算看一个体育节目
11. watch cartoons/action movies/ soap operas/ sports shows/ comedies
看动画片/动作片/肥皂剧/体育节目/喜剧
12. expect to do sth. 期待做某事
13. more meaningless 更加无意义的
14. scary movies 恐怖片
15. in American culture 在美国文化里
16. one of the most famous symbols最著名的象征之一
17. the black mouse with two large round ears 长着两只又大又圆耳朵的黑色老鼠
18. over 80 years ago 80多年前
19. come out(书、电影等)出版;发行
20. the first cartoon with sound and music第一部有声配乐的动画片
21. become very rich and successful变得非常富有和成功
became(become的过去式)
22. in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代
23. make cartoons 拍动画片
24. be like a common man 像一个普通人
25. in his early films 在他的早期电影中
26. have many problems such as losing his house or girl friend
有很多麻烦比如失去他的房子或女朋友
27. cartoon characters 卡通角色
28. have problems doing sth. 做某事有困难
29. one of the main reasons主要原因之一
30. face danger 面对危险
31. get/be ready to do sth.准备做某事
32. try one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
33. not as/so simple as... 不像……那样简单
simpler, simplest(simple的比较级与最高级)
34. a symbol of Chinese culture中国文化的一个象征
35. dress up 乔装打扮
36. take one's place 代替某人
37. do a good job 干得好
38. fight in the army 在军中打仗
39. show her love for her family, friends and country表达了她对家人、朋友和国家的爱
40. see something enjoyable看点令人愉快的东西
重点句型
1. I hope to find out what's going on around the world.
我希望弄清现在世界上正在发生什么。
2. I can't stand them/it. 我无法忍受它们/它。
3. I hope to be a TVreporter one day.
我希望有一天能成为一名电视台记者。
4. I like to follow the story and see what happens next.
我喜欢追剧,并想看看接下去会发生什么。
5. The movie is about a village girl, Mulan.
这部影片是关于一个乡村女孩木兰的。
6. If you plan to watch a movie this weekend and you want to see something enjoyable, choose Mulan!
如果你计划这个周末去看电影,并且想要看点令人愉悦的东西,请选择《木兰》吧!
7. I like to watch comedies because they are fantastic.
我喜欢看喜剧,因为它们太棒了。
词法精选
1. learn from
learn from 意为“从……中学到;向……学习”。如:
①What can you expect to learn from talk shows? 你期待从访谈节目中学到什么?
②I think we can learn a lot from this movie.
我认为我们能从这部电影中学到很多。
③All of us must learn from Lei Feng.
我们所有人都必须向雷锋学习。
2. find out
find out 意为“查明;弄清”。如:
①Please find out when the train leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
②I like to find out what different people think about this movie.
我喜欢去弄清楚不同的人是怎么看待这部电影的。
3. famous
be famous for意为“因为……而出名”;be famous as意为“作为……而出名”。如:
①Lu Xun is famous for his articles.
鲁迅因他的文章而闻名。
②Lu Xun is famous as a great writer.
鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。
4. come out
come out 意为“出版;发行;出来;开放”。如:
①The book comes out this week.
该书本周上市。
②When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music.
当这部卡通片于1928年11月18日在纽约发行时,它成了第一部有声有乐的卡通片。
5. takesb.'s place
take sb.'s place to do sth.=take the place of sb. to do sth.,意为“代替某人做某事”。如:
①She takes her father's place tofight in the army. 她代替她父亲从军打仗。
②I had to go out, so Jane took myplace at the meeting.
我不得不外出,因此简替我参加会议。
句法精析
1. I don'tmind them. 我不介意它们。
mind +名词/代词/动名词,表示“介意……”,通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。如:
①Do you mind my dog?
你介意我的狗吗?
②Do you mind my closing the window?
你介意我关上窗户吗?
③Would you mind opening the door?
你介意打开门吗?
④Would you mind if I sit here?
我坐这里你介意吗?
2. I can't stand them!
我不能忍受它们/我受不了它们!
I can't stand+名词/代词/动名词,表示“我不能忍受……”。如:
①I can't stand the movie! It is too boring!
我受不了这部电影!它太无聊了!
②The old can't stand such hot weather.
老年人不能忍受这么热的天气。
③Can you stand the pain?
你忍受得了疼吗?
④I can't stand waiting any longer.
我再也受不了等待了。
3. What do you think of talk shows?
你觉得访谈节目怎么样?
What do you think of...?相当于How do you like...?,意为“你认为……怎么样”,它的常用回答有:I don't mind.../I can't stand.../Ilove.../It's(They're)...等。如:
—What do you think of your English teacher?
=How do you like your English teacher?
你认为你们的英语老师怎么样?
—He's very funny. I like him very much.
他很滑稽,我很喜欢他。
4. However, he was always ready to try his best.
然而,他总是乐意尽力。
sb. be ready to do sth.意为“某人乐意做某事;某人准备好做某事”。如:
①Are you ready to start?
你准备好开始了吗?
②He is ready to help others.
他乐于帮助别人。
5. He became very rich and successful.
他变得非常富有且成功。
(1)become 是系动词,后跟形容词,也可跟名词。如:
①The days are becoming colder andcolder.
天变得越来越冷。
②I became a teacher five years ago.
五年前我成为了一名老师。
(2)successful的比较级与最高级为“more/most successful”,其副词形式为successfully。如:
①He became successful through his hard work. 通过不懈努力,最终他获得了成功。
②He got to the top of the mountain successfully.他成功地登上了山顶。
语法精讲
动词不定式作宾语
请看下面例句:
Do you plan to watch the news tonight?
你今晚打算看新闻吗?
(1)plan vt.& vi.计划;打算。常用搭配为plan to do sth., to do为动词不定式,作宾语。如:
I plan to go swimming tomorrow.
我计划明天去游泳。
(2)类似的动词本单元还有:
want,hope, expect,decide, plan, need…
如:
①I want to watch a talk show.
我想要看访谈节目。
②I did not expect to see you here.
我怎么也没有想到能在这里遇见你。
③I hope to find out what's going onaround the world.
我希望弄清楚世界上正在发生什么。
unit 6
重点短语
1. grow up 长大;成熟
grew(grow的过去式)
2. a computer programmer /pilot/ violinist /driver/ pianist/ scientist/ cook/ doctor
一个电脑编程员/飞行员/小提琴手/司机/钢琴家/科学家/厨师/医生
3. an engineer 一个工程师
4. take some medicine 吃药
5. keep on writing stories 坚持写故事
6. be sure about 确信;对……有把握
7. make sure 确保;查明
8. a race car driver 一位赛车手
9. take acting/singing lessons
上表演课/唱歌课
10. study education/medicine
学习教育学/医学
educational(education的形容词形式)
11. go to a cooking school 上烹饪学校
12. go to university/college 去上大学
13. in London 在伦敦
14. send articles to magazines and newspapers
把文章寄给杂志社与报社
sent(send的过去式)
15. make New Year's resolutions 立下新年决心
16. learn to play the piano 学弹钢琴
17. make the soccer team 入选足球队
18. learn another foreign language
学习另外一门外语
19. be able to 会;能够
20. make/keep promises 许下/遵守承诺
21. promise sb.=make a promise to sb.
对某人许下承诺
22. get back from school 放学回来
23. at the beginning of the year 在年初
began(begin的过去式)
24. improve our lives 改善我们的生活
25. write down 写下
wrote(write的过去式)
26. plans for the coming year 来年的计划
27. start an exercise program
开始一个锻炼计划
28. take up a hobby 开始(从事)一个爱好
hobbies(hobby的复数形式)
29. have to do with better planning
与更好的规划有关
30. make a weekly plan for schoolwork
制订每周学校作业计划
31. for this reason 因为这个原因
32. question the idea of 质疑……主意
33. be about improving my physical health
与改善我的身体健康状况有关
34. improve my relationships with my family andfriends 改善我和我家人、朋友之间的关系
35. discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事
36. my ownpersonal improvement=my self-improvement 我的个人提升
重点句型
1. My parents want me to be a doctor, but I'm not sure about that.
我父母想让我当医生,但我不确定。
2. Not everyone knows what they want to be.
并非每一个人都知道他们想成为什么。
3. You can be anything you want!
你能成为任何你想成为的人!
4. Just make sure you try your best.
只需要确保你尽了全力。
5. I want to be an engineer.
我想成为一名工程师。
6. I'm going to study computer science really hard.
我将非常努力地学习计算机科学。
7. I'm going to move to Shanghai. 我将搬到上海。
8. I'm going to start when I finish high school and college.
我打算在我完成高中和大学学业后开始。
9. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.
年初通常是制订计划的时候。
10. These are about making yourself a better person.
这些是关于如何使你自己成为一个更好的人。
11. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.
有些决心与更好的计划有关,如制订一个每周的学习计划。
12. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions!
就因为这个原因,有些人认为最好的计划就是没有计划!
词法精选
1. be sure about
be sure about 意为“确信;对……有把握”,后接名词、代词或动名词。如:
①He is sure about success.
他自信会取得成功。
②The man is sure about living to be ninety.
这个人自信会活到九十岁。
2. make sure
make sure 意为“确保;查明”,常用于祈使句,表示请求或要求对方按要求做某事,后接that引导的宾语从句或of短语。如:
①Make sure that you will come on time.
务必准时到达。
②We made sure of our seats for the movie.
我们订好电影院的座位了。
3. be able to
be able to 意为“能;会”,后接动词原形,可用于多种时态,可与情态动词进行同义转换。如:
①He was able to/could speak Englishwhen he was two years old. 他两岁时就会说英语。
②I am able to/can swim and dance.
我会游泳和跳舞。
【辨析】be able to 与can
在一般现在时和一般过去时里, be able to 可以和can/could互换,在其他时态里只能用be able to。如:
①I will be able to speak three foreign languages when I grow up.
当我长大后,我将会讲三种外语。
②I'm not able to agree with you.
=Ican't agree with you.
我不能认同你。
4. at the beginning of
at the beginning of =at the start of,反义词组为at the end of。如:
At the beginning of this term, I found it hard to learn math.
这学期初,我发现学习数学很难。
5. have to do with
have to do with 意为“关于;与……有关系”。如:
The book has to do with computers.
那本书与计算机有关。
have nothing to do with与……无关。如:
You have nothing to do with thisaccident.
你与这次事故无关。
句法精析
What do you want to be when you grow up?
你长大以后打算做什么?
when意为“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。在含有when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。如:
When I arrive in Shanghai, I'llcall you back.
到达上海后,我会回电给你。
语法精讲
be going to的用法
(1)be going to后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有“准备;打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语,如this afternoon/evening, tonight,tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future等。如:
①He isn't going to take the bus there.
他不打算乘公共汽车去那儿。
②Look at the black clouds. It'sgoing to rain.
看那些乌云,快要下雨了。
(2)由于句子中有助动词be,因此be going to 在be(am, is, are)的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be(am,is, are)放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes,主语+am/is/are. 或No,主语+isn't/aren't./No,I'm not.。如:
1)肯定句:
They are going to visit the car factory next week.
下周他们打算参观汽车工厂。
2)否定句:
They are not going to visit the car factory next week.
下周他们不打算参观汽车工厂。
3)一般疑问句及其回答:
—Are they going to visit the car factory next week?
下周他们打算参观汽车工厂吗?
—Yes,they are./No, they aren't.
是的,他们打算去。/不,他们不打算去。
4)特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句):
①When are they going to visit the car factory?
他们打算什么时候去参观汽车工厂?
②What are they going to do next week?
他们下周打算做什么?
unit 7
重点短语
1. have robots in their homes
在家里有机器人
2. study at home on computers
通过电脑在家学习
3. on paper 在纸上
4. live to be 200 years old活到200岁
5. in 100 years在100年后
6. less free time/pollution
更少的空余时间/污染
7. fewer trees/vacations更少的树木/假期
8. use the subway less更少地使用地铁
9. make predictions about the future
对未来做预测
10. a book about the future
一本关于未来的书
11. be in great danger处于极大的危险中
12. move to other planets搬到别的星球
13. live on the earth住在地球上
14. plant more trees种植更多的树木
15. play a part in saving the earth
在拯救地球方面发挥着作用
16. world peace世界和平
17. in the sea 在海中
18. in the future 在未来
19. do the same jobs as people
做和人一样的工作
20. build more buildings 建造更多的高楼
built(build的过去式)
21. live in an apartment 住在一套公寓里
22. fly rockets to the moon 驾驶火箭去月球
23. fly in the sky 在空中飞
24. live on a space station 住在一个太空站
25. be like human servants 像人类的仆人
26. help with the housework 帮着做家务
27. work in dirty or dangerous places
在肮脏或危险的地方工作
28. do simple jobs 做简单的工作
29. over and over again 反复;一次又一次
30. in Japan在日本
31. agree/disagree with sb. 同意/不同意某人
32. talk like humans 像人一样交谈
33. hundreds of years 好几百年
34. have many different shapes
有许多不同的形状
35. look for 寻找
36. seem possible/impossible 似乎可能/不可能
37. at some point 在某个时候
38. wear smart clothes 穿着时髦的衣服
39. take a holiday to Hong Kong
去香港度假
40. the meanings of words 单词的意思
重点句型
1. Everything will be free. 一切都将会是免费的。
2. I think there will be more pollution.
我认为将来会有更多的污染。
3. I think so./I don't think so.
我认为是这样。/我认为不是这样。
4. Cities will be more crowded and polluted.
城市将更拥挤,污染将更严重。
5. I hope so. 我希望是这样。
6. Today there are already robots working infactories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里干活了。
7. Some scientists believe that although we canmake robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.
一些科学家认为,虽然我们能制造出像人一样移动的机器人,但是想让它们和人一样思考,很难做到。
8. There will be fewer jobs for people because more robots will do the same jobs as people.
人们的工作会越来越少,因为更多的机器人将会做和人一样的工作。
词法精选
1. fewer, less与more表数量
(1)few为形容词,带否定含义,意为“几乎没有;很少的”,修饰可数名词。其比较级、最高级为fewer和fewest;a few意为“一些”。如:
①He has few friends here.
他在这儿几乎没有朋友。
②There will be fewer trees in the future.
将来树木会更少。
(2)little为形容词,带否定含义,意为“很少的;几乎没有的”,修饰不可数名词。其比较级、最高级为less和least。alittle意为“一些”。如:
①There's little food left. We have to buy some.
几乎没有食物留下了,我们得去买一些。
②There's only a little water in the cup.
杯子里只有一点点水。
③There will be less free time.
空闲时间将会更少。
(3)many意为“许多”,修饰可数名词。much 意为“许多”,修饰不可数名词。many/much 比较级、最高级为more和most。如:
①There will be more people on the earth in the future. 未来地球上将有更多的人。
②There'll be more pollution in the future.
将来会有更多污染。
2. hundres of
hundreds of 意为“数以百计的”,在这里, hundred是名词,所以用复数。如果hundred前面有基数词,说明hundred是数字,所以不能用复数。如:
①About three hundred of them left there.
他们当中约有三百人离开了那儿。
②There are hundreds of books on the desk.
桌子上有几百本书。
3. fall down
down为副词,后面不能跟名词。如:
①Many buildings fell down during the earthquake.
在地震中许多楼房倒塌。
②Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.
婴儿在学走路时经常摔倒。
4. look for 与 find 区别
(1)look for 意为“寻找”,强调的是过程、寻找的动作。如:
Look, Lucy lost her key again, so her family are looking for it everywhere.
瞧,露西又把钥匙丢了,所以她的家人正在到处找呢。
(2)find 意为“找到”,表示寻找有了结果,强调的是结果。如:
Mike helped me find my lost book.
迈克帮我找到了我丢失的书。
句法精析
1. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
每个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。
sb./sth. play(s)/played a part in+名词/动名词,意为“某人/某物在(做)某事方面发挥作用”。如:
①Everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.
每个人都应该为保护环境尽一份力。
②Education can play a part in it.
教育可以在其中起到作用。
2. Today there are already robots working in factories.
如今已经有机器人在工厂工作了。
这是“There be+名词+doing”的句型。该句型的主干是我们非常熟悉的there be句型,即there be+名词,而doing sth.作前面名词的后置定语,而且因为是现在分词,所以doing sth.中的动词和前面的名词之间是主动(谓)关系,且该动作正在发生。如:
①There is a girl singing in the classroom.
教室里面有一个女孩正在唱歌。
②There is a dog lying on the floor.
地板上正躺着一条狗。
语法精讲
一般将来时态
一般将来时由“will+动词原形”构成。表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day aftertomorrow, next week/month, in three days, in the future 等。
(1)一般将来时句型如下:
1)肯定句:主语+will/shall+动词原形.。如:
They will study at home on computers in the future. 他们未来将在家通过电脑学习。
2)否定句:主语+willnot/shall not+动词原形.。如:
We won't use money in 100 years.
一百年后我们不再使用钱。
3)一般疑问句:Will/Shall+主语+动词原形?如:
—Will people live to be 200 years old?
人们将活到两百岁吗?
—Yes,they will./No, they won't.
是的,他们将会。/不,他们将不会。
4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:
What will the future be like?
未来将会是什么样的?
A. 在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I或we)时,常用助动词shall。如:
①When shall I have the party?
我什么时候举办聚会好呢?
②Shall we go to the party?
我们将去参加聚会吗?
B. 在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。
(2)一般将来时中there be句型的表达如下:
1)肯定句:There will be+名词(短语).。
2)否定句:There will not/won't be+名词(短语).。如:
There will not be a class meeting this Friday.
这个礼拜五没有班会。
3)一般疑问句:Will there be+名词(短语)?
肯定及否定回答:Yes,there will./No, there won't.。如:
—Will there be hotels under the sea?
海底会有旅馆吗?
—Yes,there will.
是的,会有。
unit 8
重点短语
1. make a milk shake 制作奶昔
shook(shake 的过去式)
2. turn on the blender 打开搅拌机
3. cut up the bananas 把香蕉切碎
4. pour the milk into the blender
把牛奶倒入搅拌机
5. put... in/into... 把……放入……
6. peel three bananas 剥3根香蕉
7. one cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶
8. two spoons of honey/sugar/salt
两匙蜂蜜/糖/盐
9. make vegetable salad 制作蔬菜沙拉
10. cook for another 10 minutes=cook for 10 more minutes再煮10分钟
11. one more thing 还有一件事
12. popcorn machine爆米花机器
13. dig a hole 挖洞
dug; digging(dig的过去式以及现在分词)
14. take out a book from the library
从图书馆借书
15. put butter on a piece of bread
把黄油涂在一片面包上
16. the most traditional food 最传统的食物
17. on the fourth Thursday in November
在十一月第四个星期四
18. add... to... 把……加到……
19. mashed potatoes 土豆泥
20. pumpkin pie 南瓜饼
21. the main dish of the meal 一餐的主菜
22. fill... with... 用……把……装满
23. place... on... 把……放在……上
24. cover... with... 用……覆盖……
25. cut... into thin pieces把……切成薄片
26. serve it to your friends
用它来款待你的朋友们
27. cook it at a very high temperature
以高温烹饪
28. to make this special food
为了制作这特别的食物
29. a pot of hot soup 一锅热汤
30. one by one 一个接一个
重点句型
1. How many bananas do we need?
我们需要多少根香蕉?
2. How much yogurt do we need?
我们需要多少酸奶?
3. I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday. 我想为周六的派对做罗宋汤。
4. First, ... Next, ... Then, ... Finally, ...
首先,……接下来,……然后,……最后,……
5. Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn and other good things people enjoy in life. 感恩节是感谢秋天赐予我们的食物以及人们在生活中享受的其他美好事物的时候。
6. Families see Thanksgiving as a time to get together and usually celebrate it with a big family meal.(许多)家庭把感恩节视作聚在一起的时节,并且以家庭大聚餐的方式来庆祝它。
7. Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner.
这有一种做感恩节火鸡的方法。
8. First, mix together some bread pieces, onions,salt and pepper.
首先,把面包片、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。
9. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.
接下来,用面包混合物填满火鸡。
10. Then put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it for a few hours.
然后,把火鸡放入烤箱并烤上几个小时。
11. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
烤好后,把火鸡放在大盘子上并用肉汁覆盖它。
12. Finally, cut the turkey into thin pieces and eat the meat with vegetables like carrots and potatoes.
最后,把火鸡切成薄片并且和着蔬菜,如胡萝卜和土豆一起吃。
13. Then, make the chicken soup very hot, over 100℃.
然后,使鸡汤变热,超过100摄氏度。
词法精选
1. First... Next... Then... Finally...
有时候吩咐别人做的某件事要分步骤来完成,并且有一个先后顺序,这时候可以适当地使用副词。既能使说话人喘口气,又能使听话者感知上下文的连贯性。
2. mix together some bread pieces
(1)mix作及物动词,意为“使混和”。如:
If you mix red and white, you will make pink.
如果你把红色和白色混合,就会变成粉红色。
(2)mix up是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,意为“弄乱”。如:
Don't mix up the books on the shelf.
不要把架子上的书弄乱。
(3)mix还可以作名词,意为“混合物”,相当于mixture。如:
The physics teacher asked thestudents to taste the mix.
物理老师要学生们尝一尝那个混合物。
3. turn on, turn off, turn up 与 turn down
这四个都是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,都与电器的开关有关,但turn on意为“打开(电灯、水龙头、煤气等)”, turn off意为“关闭;关掉”, turn up意为“开大;调高”, turn down意为“关小;调低”。如:
①Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
当你离开房间时,不要忘记把电灯关掉。
②The radio is too loud. Please turn it down.
收音机声音太响了,请调低点音量吧。
4. cover... with...
(1)cover... with... 意为“用……把……覆盖”;be covered with意为“被……所覆盖”。如:
①Ann covered her face with her hands.
安用手捂脸。
②The mountain is covered with thick snow all year round. 那座山终年覆盖着厚厚的雪。
(2)cover作名词时,意为“封面;盖子”。如:
One book has two covers.
一本书有两个封面。(也可指事物有两面性)。
句法精析
1. ①How many bananas do we need?
我们需要多少香蕉?
②How much yogurt do we need?
我们需要多少酸奶?
how many, how much都有“多少”的意思, how many后接可数名词复数, how much后接不可数名词。如:
①How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?
②How much money do you have?
你有多少钱?
2. We need one cup of yogurt.
我们需要一杯酸奶。
(1)英语中,不可数名词不能在其前直接用数量修饰,为了表示“数量”,常用“基数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如:
one cup of tea一杯茶
two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
three bottles of apple juice 三瓶苹果汁
(2)若名词由量词加以修饰,那么句中谓语动词的单复数应与量词相一致。如:
①Two spoons of honey are enough.
两勺蜂蜜足够了。
②There is a bag of rice on the table.
桌上有一袋米。
3. Can you tell me how?
你能告诉我怎样制作吗?
这是一个省略句,后面只用了一个how,而省略了从句或者动词不定式,因为上文是“I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday.”(课本第58页,2d),所以此句的详细写法应该是:Can you tell me how I can make Russian soup?或者Can you tell me how to make Russian soup?。
语法精讲
1. 祈使句
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,可以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
(1)祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。如:
Peel the apple, please. 请削掉苹果皮。
(2)祈使句的否定句式,通常在句首的动词原形前加上don't。如:
Don't wake me up tomorrow morning.
明天早上不要叫醒我。
【注意】以动词be开头的祈使句变否定句时,不可省略动词be;也不能直接将否定副词not置于动词be之后。如:
Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到!
2. “动词+副词”型短语动词
本单元出现了很多“动词+副词”型的短语动词,如turnon, turn off, cut up等。这类短语动词带宾语时,宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前面,也可放在副词后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。如:
①There is a basketball game on TV. Please turn it on.
电视上有一场篮球赛,请打开电视。
②I want to listen to the news. Could you turn on the radio?
我想听新闻,你能打开收音机吗?
unit 9
重点短语
1. prepare for an exam=study for a test 备考
preparation(prepare 的名词形式)
2. go to the doctor 去看病
3. have the flu 得了流感
4. another time 其他时间
5. thanks for asking 谢谢邀请
6. go bike riding 去骑车
7. hang out with sb.
和某人一起出去闲逛
hung (hang 的过去式)
8. the day before yesterday 前天
9. the day after tomorrow 后天
10. on weekdays在工作日
11. look after his sister照顾他妹妹
12. accept an invitation接受邀请
13. make an invitation 发出邀请
14. turn down/refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请
15. reply to the invitation回复邀请
16. be sad to do sth. 很伤心做某事
sadder; saddest(sad 的比较级与最高级)
17. the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方法
18. say goodbye to sb. 和某人说再见
19. take a trip to Wuhan 去武汉旅行
20. at the end of this month 这个月末
21. help out with any of the party preparations
帮忙派对的任何准备工作
22. by now 到目前为止
23. go back to the US 回到美国
24. by this Friday 到这周五为止
25. look forward to hearing from you
期待收到你的来信
heard(hear 的过去式)
26. have a surprise party for her
为她举办一场惊喜聚会
27. think of 想出
28. invite sb. to the party 邀请某人参加聚会
invite sb. to +地点,邀请某人去某个地方
29. plan a housewarming party
安排一场乔迁聚会
30. the opening of our new library
我们新图书馆的落成典礼
open (opening的动词形式)
31. go to a concert 去听音乐会
32. an event一个事件
33. bring one book as a gift for the new library
给新图书馆带一本书作为礼物
34. on the calendar 在日历上
重点句型
1. I'm sorry. I'm not available. I have too much homework this weekend.
真抱歉,我没有空。这个周末我有太多家庭作业。
2. I'm afraid not. I have the flu.
我恐怕不行,我得了流感。
3. I'd love to come, but I'm afraid I can't.
我很乐意,但我恐怕不能来。
4. That's too bad. Maybe another time.
那太糟糕了。那下次吧。
5. Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.
萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。
6. Can you hang out with us on Monday night?
周一晚上你能和我们出去玩吗?
7. Catch you on Monday! 礼拜一见!
8. —What's today?今天是几号,星期几?
—It's Monday the 14th. 今天是14号,星期一。
9. I'm sad to see her go. 看她离去我很伤心。
10. My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle.
我们全家打算在这个月月底去武汉看望我的叔叔阿姨。
11. Thanks so much for planning this.
很感谢你计划了这个。
12. To show how much we're going to miss her, let's have a surprise party for her next Friday the 28th!
为了表示我们会多么想念她,我们在(本月)28号下周五为她举办一个惊喜派对吧!
13. Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.
在不告诉斯蒂恩老师的前提下把她带来,以便她能感到惊喜。
14. I would like to invite you to the opening of our new library.
我想要邀请你来参加我们新图书馆的落成典礼。
15. Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday, December 20th.
请于12月20号星期五前以书面方式回复此邀请。
词法精选
1. hang out
(1)hang out意为“常去某处;泡在某处;闲逛”。如:
Can you hang out with us on Monday night?
你能在周一晚上跟我们出去玩吗?
(2)hang作动词时,还有“绞死;吊死”的意思,其过去式为hanged。如:
He was hanged because of the murder.
他因为犯谋杀罪被绞死。
2. help out
help out意为“帮助;帮助……解决困难;帮助……对付”,强调帮助的结果。如:
He helped me out with the difficult work.
他帮我完成了困难的工作。
3. look forward to
look forward to意为“期待;盼望”,其中to为介词,其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。如:
①I look forward to his letter.
我期待他的来信。
②I look forward to visiting HongKong one day. 我盼望有朝一日去香港旅游。
4. hear from
hear from意为“收到某人的来信”,相当于receive a letter from sb.。如:
I heard from my mother last week.
=I received a letter from my mother last week.
上星期我收到了我母亲的来信。
句法精析
1. ①How many bananas do we need?
我们需要多少香蕉?
②How much yogurt do we need?
我们需要多少酸奶?
how many, how much都有“多少”的意思, how many后接可数名词复数, how much 后接不可数名词。如:
①How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?
②How much money do you have?
你有多少钱?
2. We need one cup of yogurt.
我们需要一杯酸奶。
(1)英语中,不可数名词不能在其前直接用数量修饰,为了表示“数量”,常用“基数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如:
one cup of tea一杯茶
two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
three bottles of apple juice 三瓶苹果汁
(2)若名词由量词加以修饰,那么句中谓语动词的单复数应与量词相一致。如:
①Two spoons of honey are enough.
两勺蜂蜜足够了。
②There is a bag of rice on the table.
桌上有一袋米。
3. Can you tell me how?
你能告诉我怎样制作吗?
这是一个省略句,后面只用了一个how,而省略了从句或者动词不定式,因为上文是“I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday.”(课本第58页,2d),所以此句的详细写法应该是:Can you tell me how I can make Russian soup?或者Can you tell me how to make Russian soup?。
语法精讲
1. 祈使句
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,可以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
(1)祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。如:
Peel the apple, please. 请削掉苹果皮。
(2)祈使句的否定句式,通常在句首的动词原形前加上don't。如:
Don't wake me up tomorrow morning.
明天早上不要叫醒我。
【注意】以动词be开头的祈使句变否定句时,不可省略动词be;也不能直接将否定副词not置于动词be之后。如:
Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到!
2. “动词+副词”型短语动词
本单元出现了很多“动词+副词”型的短语动词,如turn on, turn off, cut up等。这类短语动词带宾语时,宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前面,也可放在副词后面;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。如:
①There is a basketball game on TV. Please turn it on.
电视上有一场篮球赛,请打开电视。
②I want to listen to the news. Could you turn on the radio?
我想听新闻,你能打开收音机吗?
unit 10
重点短语
1. wear jeans to the party
穿着牛仔裤去参加聚会
2. have a class meeting 开个班会
3. watch a video at the party
在聚会上看录像
videos (video 的复数形式)
4. potato chips炸土豆片
5. too lazy to cook 太懒了而不想煮(东西)
6. be/feel upset 感到难过
7. take a taxi 乘出租车
8. travel around the world 周游世界
9. make a lot of money 赚许多钱
10. get an education 接受教育
11. get advice from an expert
从一个专家那里得到建议
advise(advice 的动词形式)
12. keep... to oneself 保守秘密
13. have a lot of worries 有许多烦恼
14. have problems with their schoolwork
在他们的学校作业上有困难
15. have problems doing sth. 做某事有困难
16. a teenager from London
一个来自伦敦的少年
17. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
18. lose one's wallet 丢了某人的钱包
19. walk three miles to school 步行三英里去学校
20. keep thinking 一直在想
21. be angry with sb./be angry at sth.
对某人生气/对某事生气
angrier; angriest(angry 的比较级与最高级)
22. make careless mistakes 犯粗心的错误
more/most careless(careless 的比较级与最高级)
23. be more careful 更仔细
24. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
25. feel the same way as sb. 和某人有同感
26. run away from your problems
逃避你的问题
27. have experience in sth. 在某方面有经验
28. cut... in half 把……切成两半
cut; cutting(cut 的过去式以及现在分词)
29. give sb. some advice about sth.
就某事给某人提些建议
30. discuss your problems with sb.
和某人讨论你的问题
31. be halfway to doing sth.
做某事已经成功一半
32. more understanding更善解人意的
重点句型
1. —What will happen if they have the party today?
如果他们今天举办聚会会怎样?
—If they have it today, half the class won't come.
如果他们定在今天,一半的学生将不会来。
2. If you do, you'll be sorry.
如果你这样做的话,你会后悔的。
3. Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing.
一些人认为最糟糕的事是不做任何事情。
4. Problems and worries are normal in life.
在生活中遇到问题和担忧是很正常的。
5. I think talking to people helps a lot.
我认为找个人交谈益处良多。
6. Unless we talk to someone, we'll certainly feel worse.
除非我们与某个人交流,否则我们一定会感觉更糟。
7. It is best not to run away from our problems.最好不要逃避我们的问题。
8. We should always try to solve them.
我们应该总是尽量去解决它们(困难)。
9. He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to.
他认为第一步是找到一个你信任的人倾诉。
10. In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.
在英语中,我们说分享一个问题就像把它分成两半。
11. You're halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it!
你只要跟人聊聊这个问题,你就已经解决了问题的一半!
词法精选
1. give me some advice
(1)advice意为“建议;忠告”,是不可数名词。表示“一条建议”应说a piece of advice。如:
①Now you can give me some advice.
现在你可以给我一些忠告。
②That's really a good piece of advice.
那的确是一条不错的建议。
(2)advise是动词,意为“建议;忠告”。如:
The headmaster advised each parent to bring one book as a gift for the new library.
校长建议每个家长给新图书馆带来一本书作为礼物。
2. cut... in half
cut... in half意为“把……切成两半”, in half是一种固定的结构,此处的介词in表示状态。如:
Please cut the orange in half.
请把橙子切成两半。
3. be halfway to...
be halfway to... 意为“完成了或做了事情的一部分”,其中halfway后面的to是介词。如:
We're still only halfway to finishing the job.
我们才仅仅完成工作的一部分。
句法精析
1. If you do, the teachers won't let you in.
如果你这样做,老师不会让你进去。
(1)if you do中的do在这里是助动词,代替前一句话中的整个动词词组,如果do作为动词使用,则需要说If you do it/this, the teachers won't let you in.。
(2)let you in意为“让你进去”, let是使役动词,you是宾语, in是宾语补足语。如:
He opened the door and let the children in.
他打开门让孩子们进去。
2. When is a good time to have the party?
什么时候是聚会的一个好时间?
(1)动词不定式在句中作定语,修饰名词,位于修饰词之后。如:
①Mr. Green is the only person to go there.
格林先生是唯一去那里的人。
②We have a lot of trees to plant.
我们有许多树要种。
(2)动词不定式与其所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系,且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词时,要根据需要添加适当的介词。如:
Could you please give me some paper to write on?可以给我一些能写的纸吗?
3. ①If people have problems, they should keep them to themselves.
如果人们有烦恼,他们应当把这些烦恼留给自己。
②She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents, ...”
她一直在想:“如果我告诉我父母的话,……”
(1)keep意为“保留;保存”,第①句中keep后的代词them指代problems。在该句语境下, keep them to themselves意为“把问题(烦恼)埋在心底;不向他人倾诉”。
在英语中,keep表示“保留;保存;留存”的用法十分普遍。如:
You can keep it if you like.
要是你喜欢的话,可以把它留下。
(2)第②句中的keep表示“(使……)保持(某种状态或关系);一直……”,后面接动词时,动词要用-ing形式,形成keepdoing结构。如:
①It kept raining for a week.
雨一直下了一个星期。
②He kept waiting for me here.
他一直在这里等我。
语法精讲
条件状语从句
if引导条件状语从句,请看下面例句:
If you go to the party, you'll havea great time!如果你去参加聚会,你会玩得很开心!
if引导的为条件状语从句,要遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句为将来时态时,从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意思。这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。从句还可以是祈使句或含有情态动词的陈述句。如:
①If he goes to England, he will haveto learn English.
如果他要去英格兰,他将不得不学英语。
②You can get good grades if you workhard.
如果你努力学习,你会取得好成绩。
③Come here, if you want to know something about this event.
如果你想对这个赛事有所了解,那请过来。
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