彭红超等:深度学习研究:发展脉络与瓶颈
作者简介:彭红超,博士研究生,华东师范大学教育学部教育信息技术学系(上海 200062);祝智庭(通讯作者),博士,教授,博士生导师,华东师范大学开放教育学院(上海 200062)。
基金项目:全国教育科学“十二五”规划2014年度国家一般课题“智慧教育环境的构建与应用研究”(BCA140051)。
引用:彭红超,祝智庭(2020).深度学习研究:发展脉络与瓶颈[J].现代远程教育研究,32(1):41-50.
摘要:深度学习研究在国际上历经40余年,经历了蛰伏期、萌发期、新兴期,目前正处在迅发期,已得到政府、学校、社会机构、媒体前所未有的关注和推崇。国内外的深度学习研究态势呈现出各自特色:国外偏向深度参与学习以及高阶学习策略研究,国内注重学生高阶知能的发展与迁移应用。40余年里,深度学习发生了两个方向的转变:从索求理解到追求迁移、从注重过程到侧重结果。深度学习已不再仅仅是为了理解基本知能而采用的学习方式,它更多的是一种基于理解、追求迁移应用的有意义学习。它通过促使学生深度参与学习、适性地采用高级学习方略来促进高阶知能的发展,实现这些知能在全新情境中的应用或新高阶知能生成。目前国内外尚无研究关注深度学习的灵活性问题,而灵活性却是深度学习的诉求。这种诉求触及到顶层框架结构的变化并且需要一种认知灵活性,其实现极具挑战,可通过学习架构并借助智慧课堂的赋能作用尝试解决。
关键词:深度学习;研究走势;理念演变;研究瓶颈;学习架构;智慧课堂
注释:
① 为清晰表征21世纪能力与其他三列的关系,此处呈现的是3Rs和7Cs类群。其中3Rs为关键学科知识中的读(Reading)、写(wRiting)、算(aRithmetic);7Cs为审辨思维与问题解决(Critical Thinking and Problem Solving),创新与创造(Creativity and Innovation),交流与媒体素养(Communication and Media Literacy),协作与领导力(Collaboration and Leadership),计算与数字素养(Computing and Digital Proficiency),跨文化与社交水平(Cross-Cultural and Social Fluency),职业、公民意识、自主学习水平(Career, Civic and Learning Self-Direction),它们是“生活与职业技能,学习与创新技能,信息、媒体与技术技能”中的能力维度。
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