观鸟者韩联宪 | Birdwatcher Han Lianxian
Most of those who have ever come in contact with Han Lianxian probably believe that he has the ability to understand and speak with birds.
韩联宪大约懂鸟语。但凡与之接触过的人，都会觉得他具备这项“特异功能”。
One spring morning, I met Han Lianxian in the family community of Southwest Forestry University. The luxuriant bamboo bushes were rustling with the breeze and several birds were singing crisply across. "Have you noticed these birds singing? Can you hear the azure-winged magpie? It is not native to Yunnan, but introduced from Beijing in the mid-1980s, and kept in captivity in Kunming Zoo until 1991, when 19 birds were released successively. In the first 10 years, they only lived in Yuantong Hill, but over time expanded to the surrounding communities. Now, they can be found in parks, around Dianchi Lake and even in Ning'er county and Dali City. The spread of the azure-winged magpie also shows that people are becoming more and more aware of ecological protection," Han explained.
见到韩联宪是在春日的一个上午，西南林业大学家属小区的竹丛茂盛修长，微风拂动，竹林沙沙，几只鸟雀鸣叫清脆，自竹捎掠过。“注意到这些鸟叫声没有？里面有灰喜鹊的叫声，这个鸟不是云南的本土鸟种，上世纪80年代中期从北京引入，在昆明动物园笼养至1991年，动物园先后释放了19只。起初的10年只在圆通山活动，后来它们的生活范围逐渐扩大到周边小区，现在昆明的公园、滇池周边，甚至是宁洱县、大理市都有分布。灰喜鹊的扩散分布，也说明人们保护生态的意识越来越强了。”韩联宪说。
Han Lianxian, a professor of zoology at Southwest Forestry University, a well-known Chinese bird expert, and secretary general of Yunnan Wildlife Conservation Association, has been engaged in ornithological research for 40 years. With all his experience, he is able to tell the species of birds and their stories by just hearing them. Besides, Han himself is a man with stories.
作为西南林业大学的动物学教授、国内著名鸟类专家、云南省野生动植物保护协会秘书长，韩联宪从事鸟类学研究40年。他能从鸟鸣声中判断出鸟的种类，并说出与这种鸟有关的故事，而他自己，也是个有故事的人。
As a child, he lived in the mountainous area of Western Hunan where nature and birds were his best friends. After graduating from middle school, he worked as an educated youth and a railway worker. In the years of working as an educated youth, whether in the early morning, the silent night or during his working time, he was always accompanied by birdsong. In his spare time, Han always loved looking up at the trees and the mountains. He would stare at the birds flying from tree to tree, or even climb up the trees to observe birds of prey nesting and see their eggs hatching and spend the whole day doing so. Later, as a railway worker, his love for birds remained. During each of his staggered holidays, he would either follow the railway line or stroll in the countryside near the station to see whether he could find birds that he had never seen before.
孩提时生活在湘西山区，大自然和鸟儿是韩联宪最好的伙伴。中学毕业后他当过知青、铁路工人。知青岁月，无论是清晨、寂夜或是劳作时间，总有鸟鸣相伴。闲暇之余，韩联宪总爱抬头看树、望山，盯着林间跳跃的鸟影，爬上大树观察猛禽营巢孵卵，一看就是一整天。当了铁路工人，他依旧不改对鸟的喜好，每次工作轮休，他或顺着铁路沿线观察，或在车站附近的乡村漫步，留意观察周围的树木上，是否又出现了没见过的鸟儿。
After the resumption of the college entrance examination, the man from West Hunan became a graduate student in ornithology at Kunming Institute of Botany in 1982. During his postgraduate study, he often went to Dianchi Lake, which became one of his "bases" for bird research.
恢复高考之后，1982年，这个湘西小伙成为昆明动物研究所的一名鸟类学研究生。读研期间，他时常到滇池游玩，滇池也成了他进行鸟类研究的“基地”之一。
From 2011 to 2021, Han's team monitored winter waterfowl in Dianchi Lake. "According to our surveys in recent years, there are more than 130 bird species in Dian Lakefront, and the number of waterfowl is almost reaches 100,000 at most. Of course, the black-headed gull, an old friend of the Kunming people, is the most common, but there are also a few rare bird species."
2011年至2021年，韩联宪团队一直在监测滇池冬季水鸟，“依据我们最近几年所做调查，滇池湖滨带的鸟类达130余种，水鸟数量最多时接近10万只，当然数量最多的还是昆明人的老朋友红嘴鸥，也有少数珍稀鸟种出现。”
Han recalled that from the late 1990s, China began to pay attention to the protection of wetlands. In the early 21st century, many wetland parks were built around Dianchi Lake in Kunming. The increased water area and the effective protection of the lakeside zone have provided preferable habitats for the birds, and the appearance of birds such as the purple swamphen, glossy ibis and Baer's pochard is the best proof of that.
韩联宪回忆，从上世纪90年代后期，我国开始注重湿地保护，21世纪初期，昆明环滇池建了很多湿地公园，水域面积的增加和湖滨带的有效保护，为鸟类提供了更好的栖息空间。近些年，紫水鸡、彩鹮、青头潜鸭等鸟类的出现，就是最好的证明。
Known as the most beautiful waterfowl in the world, the purple swamphen, a relatively rare wading bird in China and ClassII wildlife under special state protection, is listed as a vulnerable species in the Red List of China’s Vertebrates. In 2018, the purple swamphen was first spotted by the public in Dongdahe Wetland in Jinning District, and then photographed on the south bank of Dianchi Lake in 2021.
紫水鸡曾被誉为世界上最漂亮的水鸟，属国家II级重点保护野生动物，是被列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的易危物种。它在中国是一种数量相对稀少的涉禽。2018年，紫水鸡在晋宁区东大河湿地首次被市民发现，2021年，再次在滇池南岸被拍摄到。
In an interview, Han explained that around the year 2000, the purple swamphen was endangered in the entire Asian region. However, owing to more than a decade of continuously strengthening the protection of Dianchi Lake, the fast-breeding purple swamphen has slowly spread southward from the wetlands of Jianchuan County and Eryuan County in Dali to the Longchuan and Tengchong areas; while some of them have spread eastward and returned to Dianchi Lake.
在接受媒体采访时，韩联宪感慨：2000年前后，紫水鸡在整个亚洲地区都是濒危，在最近10余年滇池保护力度持续加大之后，繁殖较快的紫水鸡又慢慢地从大理州剑川县、洱源县的湿地向南扩散，到了陇川、腾冲一带，一部分个体向东扩散，回归到了滇池。
A world-class endangered species, the Baer's pochard, has appeared in the National Wetland Park in South of Dianchi Lake, Jinning District; the rare Eurasian wryneck was observed in Xihua Wetland; the Eurasian woodcock is difficult to observe, due to its hidden habits; the glossy ibis was spotted in Dongchuan district and the southern bank of Dianchi Lake in recent years; rare waterfowl such as the garganey, common shelduck, ruddy Shelduck and white-browed crake, which had been gone for decades, have returned. All of this is evidence of the ecological improvement of Kunming and the effective governance of Dianchi Lake. "We have done a survey on biodiversity conservation in Dianchi Lake Basin. A total of 311 species of birds were recorded in the 2000-square-kilometer Dianchi Lake Basin. The emergence of rare birds has also attracted bird lovers from all over the country," Han said.
世界极危物种青头潜鸭现身晋宁南滇池国家湿地公园，在西华湿地观察到少见的蚁䴕，习性隐匿难于观察的丘鹬，近年来出现在东川及滇池南岸的彩鹮，消失了几十年的白眉鸭、翘鼻麻鸭、赤麻鸭、白眉田鸡等稀有水鸟回归，都是昆明生态向好，滇池治理有效的印证。“我们曾做过滇池流域生物多样性保护调查，2000平方公里的滇池流域共记录鸟类311种，珍稀鸟类的出现，也吸引着全国各地的鸟类爱好者前来观鸟。”韩联宪说。
Han explained that Yunnan has three characteristics in terms of species and number of birds. First, it is the province with the largest number of birds in China. Second, animal species shows north-south intersection and east-west intermixing, due to Yunnan’s special geographical location. Third, the number of unique birds in Yunnan is the highest of all provinces and regions in China. Among the birds recorded in China, 114 species, such as the little cormorant, river tern, Hodgson's frogmouth and great hornbill, can only be found in Yunnan.
韩联宪解释，云南鸟类在物种和数量上有三大特点：是全国鸟类最多的一个省份；因为地理位置特殊，动物种类组成出现了南北交汇、东西混杂的情况；就独有性来说，云南鸟类是中国各省区最高的，黑颈鸬鹚、黄嘴河燕鸥、黑顶蛙嘴夜鹰、双角犀鸟等114种鸟类，在中国仅分布于云南。
The population of birds is increasing with the continuous improvement of the ecological environment. Han explained that "In the case of the black-necked crane, government authorities, in cooperation with Chinese scholars, have taken a lot of protective measures. For example, a series of nature reserves of different levels have been established in the breeding and wintering grounds of black-necked cranes, such as the Xundian Black-necked Crane Provincial Nature Reserve, which was established in Xundian County, Kunming. In the mid-1990s, experts found more than 3,000 overwintering black-necked cranes in the Lhasa River Valley and Yajiang Valley near Lhasa. Together with those wintering on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the total number was estimated to more than 5,000. By 2015, the number had doubled to 11,000. According to the National Crane Synchronous Survey in January 2022, the number of black-necked cranes was 17,000." As Han mentions, the overall improvement of the ecological environment is inevitably related to the reproduction of birds.
而随着生态环境的持续改善，鸟类的种群数量也在增长。“以黑颈鹤为例，中国的学者配合政府主管部门，采取了很多保护措施。比如在黑颈鹤繁殖地、越冬地建立了一系列不同级别的自然保护区，我们昆明市寻甸县就建有寻甸黑颈鹤省级自然保护区。专家20世纪90年代中期在拉萨附近的拉萨河谷、雅江河谷调查发现了3000多只越冬黑颈鹤，加上在云贵高原越冬的黑颈鹤，种群数量达到5000多只，到了2015年，增长到了11000只，数量翻了一番。依据2022年1月全国鹤类同步调查，黑颈鹤数量为17000只。”他说，生态环境总体向好与鸟类的繁衍，存在着必然的关联。
The Convention on Biological Diversity has three main purposes, namely, the protection of biodiversity, the sustainable use of biodiversity, and the equitable and reasonable sharing of the benefits of biodiversity genetic resources. Han believes that it is highly consistent with the concept of "conservation and development in parallel" advocated by the Chinese government.
韩联宪认为，《生物多样性公约》的三大宗旨：其一是保护生物多样性，其二是可持续利用生物多样性，其三是公平合理分享生物多样遗传资源带来的惠益，与我国政府提倡的“在发展中保护、在保护中发展”的理念十分契合。
"COP15 in Kunming is a good publicity opportunity for China, Yunnan and Kunming to show the world what China is doing to preserve biodiversity. It can also make the people of Yunnan realize the urgency of biodiversity conservation, which will enable us to do a better job in this regard," said Han.
“COP15大会在昆明召开，对于中国、云南以及昆明来讲，是一个很好的宣传机会，向世界展示了中国在保护生物多样性方面所做的努力。云南人也可以借助COP15，认识到保护生物多样性的紧迫性，从而把云南的生物多样性保护工作做得更好。”韩联宪说。
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