JPS | 集体动员在中国和印度农村经济不同表现中的作用（1950-2005）【转】

摘要谷歌简单翻译（请以英文为准）：

本文认为，1950年后中国和印度农村经济的不同表现是中国和印度政府调动农村劳动力和财政资源的不同能力的产物。通过集体（1984年以前）和地方行政部门（从1984年到2006年取消农业税和农村强制性劳动力调动）调动村民的无偿劳动和财政资源，中国国家发展农村基础设施和质量劳动力的速度和地理范围远远超出其有限的财政能力。由于农村根深蒂固的政治和经济利益的有效反对，印度国家建立具有类似动员能力的农村组织的努力失败了。由于无法调动村民的劳动力和财政资源，印度政府主要依靠其有限的财政资源，这使得物质基础设施和劳动力质量的发展慢得多。这些是中国农村经济发展速度远远超过印度的主要原因，后者对1950年代后国家经济的分歧作出了重大贡献。

This paper argues that the divergent performance of the rural economies of China and India after 1950 was a product of the different capabilities of the Chinese and Indian governments to mobilize the labor force and financial resources of the rural population. By mobilizing unpaid labor and the financial resources of the villagers through mediation by the collectives (before 1984) and local administrations (from 1984 to the abolition of agricultural taxation and compulsory rural labor mobilization in 2006), the Chinese state developed rural infrastructure and the quality of the labor force at a pace and geographical scope that was far beyond its limited fiscal capacity. Efforts by the Indian state to establish rural organizations with similar mobilization capabilities failed due to the effective opposition of well-entrenched political and economic interests in the countryside. Unable to mobilize the labor and financial resources of the villagers, the Indian government relied primarily on its limited fiscal resources, which produced a much slower development of physical infrastructure and labor force quality. These are the primary reasons why China’s rural economy developed much more rapidly than India’s, which contributed significantly to the divergence of their national economies in the post-1950 era.

出处：Burak Gürel (2019) The role of collective mobilization in the divergent performance of the rural economies of China and India (1950–2005), The Journal of Peasant Studies, 46:5, 1021-1046

https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2018.1434773

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