JDE 刘梦迪 等 | “蓝天”的代价：中国的环境规制、技术升级及劳动力需求

*中文标题和摘要系简单翻译，可能存在部分错误，请以英文为准

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摘要：

为了应对更严格的环境法规，制造商需要进行减少污染的活动并改变他们的最优生产决策，这可能会影响他们的劳动力需求。使用十年企业层面的面板数据集(1998-2007)，我们使用PSM-DID来检验国家空气污染控制政策对于中国的就业的影响。研究发现，我国重点城市的空气污染控制政策效果显著降低二氧化硫(SO2)排放量约26%。这一新环境法规显著地减少了大约3%的制造业劳动力需求。更重要的是，企业主要是通过提高生产技术来减少污染排放，因此劳动力的减少部分上是由于技术进步带来的劳动生产率的提高。作为减少污染的结果，中国国内制造企业的低技能雇员和工人在更容易受到环境规制的影响。

Abstract

To cope with the stricter environmental regulation, manufacturing firms need to carry out pollution reduction activities and change their optimal production decisions, which may affect their labor demand. Using a ten-year firm-level panel dataset (1998–2007), we use an estimation technique pairing propensity score matching (PSM) with a difference-in-differences (DID) estimator to examine the impacts of a national air pollution control policy on employment in China. We find that China's Key Cities for Air Pollution Control (KCAPC) policy effectively lowered sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by approximately 26%. The new environmental regulation significantly reduced manufacturing labor demand by approximately 3%. Most importantly, firms reduce pollution emission mainly by upgrading production technology so the decline in labor is partly due to the increase in labor productivity brought about by technological progress. As a result of pollution reduction, low-skilled employees and workers in domestic manufacturing firms are more affected by environmental regulation in China.

原文链接（点击“阅读原文”跳转）：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102610

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