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“原文精读”第4期(票数遥遥领先)

王冠亚 王冠亚
2024-09-22

这是我的第338篇原创文章


作者按:

巴菲特在2006年宣布捐出自己99%以上的财富,以巴菲特当时持有的伯克希尔股票计算,如果巴菲特没有进行慈善捐赠的话,其现在的持仓市值已经高达2449亿美元(截至2023年6月),是当之无愧的世界首富。即便是在捐献了超过半数的财富之后,如今的巴菲特依然坐拥千亿美元身家,常年位居“福布斯富豪榜”前5名。

如果把巴菲特所获得的巨额财富视为世俗意义上的成功,那么在“立功”之外,巴菲特还有一项极其卓越的成就,那就是“立言”。巴菲特数十年如一日,笔耕不辍,把他对投资、对人生的理解都倾注在历年的致股东信里。《巴菲特致股东的信》也因此被誉为投资界的“圣经”,几乎是每位投资者的必读书目之一。

英文版的The Essays of Warren Buffett由巴菲特原著,坎宁安整理,是学习巴菲特的第一手资料。近期,我发起了“学习原文每日打卡”活动,多次被推荐为“雪球热帖”。为方便公众号上的更多读者学习,我决定定期将相关内容发布于此,定名为:原文精读。每期推送约10天的打卡内容,以下为第4期(2023.7.11~2023.7.20):

1

Day32:巴菲特的投资预期


巴神原文:15.We regularly compare the gain in Berkshire’s per-share book value to the performance of the S&P 500. Over time, we hope to outpace this yardstick. Otherwise, why do our investors need us? The measurement, however, has certain shortcomings. Moreover, it now is less meaningful on a year-to-year basis than was formerly the case. That is because our equity holdings, whose value tends to move with the S&P 500, are a far smaller portion of our net worth than they were in earlier years. Additionally, gains in the S&P stocks are counted in full in calculating that index, whereas gains in Berkshire’s equity holdings are counted at 79% because of the federal tax we incur. We, therefore, expect to outperform the S&P in lackluster years for the stock market and underperform when the market has a strong year.


英文释义:1.“outpace”意为“超过”;“yardstick”意为“准绳”、“衡量标准”;

2.“shortcomings”意为“缺点”;

3.“now”与“formerly”形成对应;

4.“whereas”意为“鉴于”;

5.“federal tax”意为“联邦税收”;“incur”意为“遭受”、“招致”;

6.“outperform”与“underperform”形成对应;

7.“lackluster years”意为“平淡无奇的年份”;“strong year”意为“表现强劲的年份”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,他经常拿伯克希尔每股账面价值和标普500指数的表现作比较。长期而言,巴菲特希望能够跑赢指数。否则,大家为什么要投资伯克希尔呢?当然,这种衡量标准也有明显的缺点。而且,现在每年的业绩对比,都不像以前那么有意义。这主要有两方面原因:


其一,伯克希尔的股票持仓,也就是和标普500保持同涨共跌的那部分资产,在伯克希尔净资产中的占比越来越小;其二,标普500成分股的表现,是完全计入到指数涨幅的。但是伯克希尔因为要缴纳联邦所得税,所以只有其业绩的79%被计入到了收益涨幅。因此,巴菲特的预期是:牛市表现不及指数,熊市能够跑赢指数。


今天的内容较简单,这里再给大家补充一段背景资料:在2018年以前,巴菲特在每年的致股东信开头,都会列出伯克希尔每股账面价值与标普500指数的表现对比;从2019年开始,变成了伯克希尔每股市值与标普500指数的表现对比。之所以做出这一改变,与会计准则变更有关系,与巴菲特上述提到的两个原因也有关系。


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(2023年7月11日)

2

Day33:投资界的“春晚”


巴神原文:Many annual meetings are a waste of time, both for shareholders and for management. Sometimes that is true because management is reluctant to open up on matters of business substance. More often a non-productive session is the fault of shareholder participants who are more concerned about their own moment on stage than they are about the affairs of the corporation. What should be a forum for business discussion becomes a forum for theatrics, spleen-venting and advocacy of issues. (The deal is irresistible: for the price of one share you get to tell a captive audience your ideas as to how the world should be run.) Under such circumstances, the quality of the meeting often deteriorates from year to year as the antics of those interested in themselves discourage attendance by those interested in the business.   


英文释义:1.“a waste of time”意为“浪费时间”;

2.“business substance”意为“商业实质”;

3.“more often”意为“通常”、“往往”;“non-productive session”意为“无效率的会议”;

4.“theatrics”意为“戏剧表演”;“spleen-venting”意为“发泄不满”;“advocacy of issues”意为“宣扬主题”;

5.“irresistible”意为“无可抗拒的”;“captive”意为“无权选择的”;

6.“deteriorates”意为“恶化”;“antics”意为“荒唐行为”;

7.“those interested in themselves”与“those interested in the business”形成对应。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,很多公司的年会,无论是对于股东们而是对于管理层来说,都是浪费时间。之所以这么说,是因为很多公司的管理层根本不情愿开诚布公地探讨商业实质。通常而言,一场无效率的会议应归咎于出席大会的某些股东,这些股东更关注如何在舞台上展现自我,而不是关注公司事务。


如此一来,原本一场有关商业讨论的会议,就变成了一场充满戏剧表演、发泄不满、宣扬各种特定主题的论坛。对于很多股东来说,这是难以抗拒的诱惑:毕竟,只要买上1股股票,你就可以对在座的观众发表你的演说,告诉他们这个世界是怎么运行的。


在这种情况下,那些自娱自乐的股东们的滑稽行为,消减了那些真正关心企业的股东们参会的积极性,会议质量也就每况愈下。巴菲特谈到的,实际上是一种“劣币驱逐良币”的现象。为了避免出现这种情况,巴菲特除了报告公司的财务和业务情况以外,还接受来自全球投资者长达6个小时的提问。巴菲特股东大会,也因此成为投资界的“春晚”。

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(2023年7月12日)

3

Day34:与众不同的伯克希尔年会


巴神原文:Berkshire’s meetings are a different story. The number of shareholders attending grows a bit each year and we have yet to experience a silly question or an ego-inspired commentary. Instead, we get a wide variety of thoughtful questions about the business. Because the annual meeting is the time and place for these, Charlie and I are happy to answer them all, no matter how long it takes. (We cannot, however, respond to written or phoned questions at other times of the year; one-person-at-a-time reporting is a poor use of management time in a company with [thousands of] shareholders.) The only business matters that are off limits at the annual meeting are those about which candor might cost our company real money. Our activities in securities would be the main example.


【文下注释】Subsequent letters sometimes report on the turnout at prior annual meetings. The turnout went from 12 at the 1975 meeting to approximately 7500 at the 1997 meeting; to over 15000 in the early 2000s; 35000 in 2008; and 40000 in 2015. From 2016, the Berkshire annual meeting has been live streamed over the internet, drawing an even larger global audience. Due to the COVID pandemic, the meeting was held remote-only in 2020 and 2021.   


英文释义:1.“a bit”意为“一点”;“have yet to”意为“尚未”、“还没有”;“silly”意为“愚蠢的”;“ego-inspired”意为“表现自我”;“commentary”意为“评论”;

2.“off limits”意为“被禁止”、“受到限制”;

3.“subsequent”意为“随后的”;“turnout”意为“参会人数”;“prior”意为“先前的”;

4.“live streamed”意为“现场直播”;“drawing”意为“吸引”;

5.“due to”意为“由于”;“COVID pandemic”意为“新冠肺炎疫情”;

6.“remote”意为“远程的”、“线上的”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,伯克希尔股东大会与众不同。与会股东人数逐年增长,而且从来没有碰到过愚蠢的问题或者基于自我表现的评论。相反,巴菲特会收到很多富有见地的商业思考和提问。由于开会就是回答问题的时机和场合,所以巴菲特和芒格会非常乐意回答所有的问题,无论它有多长都没关系。


不过,巴菲特不可能在一年中的其他时间去写信或者电复股东们的提问。对于一家拥有成千上万名股东的上市公司而言,跟股东“一对一”的沟通属于对管理层时间的滥用。在年会上唯一被禁止讨论的,是那些如果公开谈论就会有损伯克希尔商业利益的事项,比如说巴菲特的证券投资活动即是一例。


有些年份的致股东信,会提到先前年会的股东参会人数。1975年12人;1997年7500人;21世纪早期超过15000人;2008年35000人;2015年40000人。从2016年起,巴菲特股东大会开启了同步现场直播,吸引了全球更多的观众。由于疫情的原因,2020年和2021年的股东大会只有线上直播。


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(2023年7月13日)

4

Day35:伯克希尔的企业宗旨


巴神原文:A. Corporate Purpose: Partnership Value Creation


Berkshire is a Delaware corporation, and our directors must follow the state’s laws. Among them is a requirement that board members must act in the best interest of the corporation and its stockholders. Our directors embrace that doctrine.


In addition, of course, Berkshire directors want the company to delight its customers, to develop and reward the talents of its 360000 associates, to behave honorably with lenders and to be regarded as a good citizen of the many cities and states in which we operate. We value these four important constituencies.   


None of these groups, however, have a vote in determining such matters as dividends, strategic direction, CEO selection, or acquisitions and divestitures. Responsibilities like those fall solely on Berkshire’s directors, who must faithfully represent the long-term interests of the corporation and its owners.


英文释义:1.“corporate purpose”意为“企业宗旨”;

2.“Delaware”意为“特拉华州”,伯克希尔公司注册地;“directors”意为“董事”;

3.“board members”意为“董事会成员”;“in the best interest of”意为“为了…的利益最大化”;

4.“embrace”意为“信奉”、“采纳”;“doctrine”意为“信条”、“主义”;

5.“delight”意为“使…愉快”;“reward”意为“奖励”;“talents”意为“人才”;“associates”意为“同事”;

6.“honorably”意为“体面地”;“constituencies”意为“支持者”;

7.“these groups”指代上文中提及的“客户”、“员工”、“债权人”等群体;“divestitures”意为“资产剥离”;

8.“fall…on”意为“责任落在…身上”;“fall solely on”意为“完全依靠”、“责无旁贷”;“represent”意为“代表”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,伯克希尔的企业宗旨就是,为合伙人创造价值。伯克希尔是一家注册于美国特拉华州的企业,因此其董事必须遵守当地的法律。其中有一条规定,公司董事会成员必须恪尽职守,为公司和股东的利益最大化而奋斗。伯克希尔的董事们都恪守这一信条。


当然,除了服务股东以外,伯克希尔的董事们还希望公司能做到:1.让客户感到满意;2.培养和奖励36万名公司员工;3.在贷款人面前有体面的表现;4.在伯克希尔有业务运营的城市和州,被当地视为是“遵纪守法的好市民”。巴菲特非常珍惜来自这四个层面的支持者。


无论是客户、员工还是债权人、投资人,他们都无权决定伯克希尔诸如派息、战略方向、选任CEO、并购或资产剥离等事项。上述事项都责无旁贷地落在董事们身上。所以说,董事们必须忠实地代表公司及其股东的长期利益。


巴菲特谈到的,其实就是一家企业的社会责任:让股东得到合理的回报,让客户得到满意的服务,让员工得到发展的机会,让债权人得到应得的本息,让所在的城市得到就业、纳税、消费等方方面面的贡献……这不就是我们中国人“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”的理想么?


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(2023年7月14日)

5

Day36:巴菲特回忆青葱岁月


巴神原文:Beyond legal requirements, Charlie and I feel a special obligation to the many individual shareholders of Berkshire. A bit of personal history may help you to understand our unusual attachment and how it shapes our behavior.


Before my Berkshire years, I managed money for many individuals through a series of partnerships, the first three of those formed in 1956. As time passed, the use of multiple entities became unwieldy and, in 1962, we amalgamated 12 partnerships into a single unit, Buffett Partnership Ltd. (“BPL”).


By that year, virtually all of my own money, and that of my wife as well, had become invested alongside the funds of my many limited partners. I received no salary or fees. Instead, as the general partner, I was compensated by my limited partners only after they secured returns above an annual threshold of 6%. If returns failed to meet that level, the shortfall was to be carried forward against my share of future profits. (Fortunately, that never happened: Partnership returns always exceeded the 6% “bogey”) As the years went by, a large part of the resources of my parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins and in-laws became invested in the partnership.   


英文释义:1.“attachment”意为“信念”、“信仰”;

2.“unwieldy”意为“笨拙的”、“难管理的”;“amalgamated”意为“合并”;

3.“virtually”意为“几乎”;“alongside”意为“与…一起”;“limited partners”意为“有限合伙人”;“threshold”意为“门槛”;

4.“shortfall”意为“缺口”、“差额”;

5.“bogey”意为“超过标准杆的一杆”,文中旨在说明,巴菲特每年的收益率都妥妥超过了6%的基准收益率;

6.“siblings”意为“兄弟姐妹”;“in-laws”意为“姻亲”、“岳父岳母”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,除了法律规定的以外,他和芒格还认为,他们对伯克希尔的每一位股东都负有特殊的责任。为了帮助大家理解,为什么二老有这种非同寻常的信念,以及这种信念是如何塑造其行为的,巴菲特给大家介绍了自己年轻时的一些经历。


在经营伯克希尔之前,巴菲特曾通过一系列的合伙公司代客理财,其中最早的3家合伙公司成立于1956年。随着时间的推移,主体越来越多,也越来越难打理。1962年,巴菲特把现存的12家主体合并成“巴菲特合伙公司”。


当时,巴菲特和妻子苏珊,几乎把自己所有的钱,都跟着有限合伙人一起,投到了巴菲特合伙公司。巴菲特不拿薪水,也不收取管理费。相反,作为普通合伙人,当且仅当有限合伙人获得6%以上的收益率后,巴菲特才从剩余的收益中获得补偿。如果达不到6%的基准收益率,其差额部分将由巴菲特在以后年份的盈利中补足。


很幸运的是,这种“补足差额”的情况从来没发生过,因为巴菲特给有限合伙人每年创造的回报都超过了6%的基准收益率。随着时间的推移,巴菲特的父母、兄弟姐妹、叔叔阿姨、堂姊妹以及岳父母,都把大笔的资产投入到巴菲特合伙公司。


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(2023年7月15日)

6

Day37:人至暮年易怀旧


巴神原文:Charlie formed his partnership in 1962 and operated much as I did. Neither of us had any institutional investors, and very few of our partners were financially sophisticated. The people who joined our ventures simply trusted us to treat their money as we treated our own. These individuals—either intuitively or by relying on the advice of friends—correctly concluded that Charlie and I had an extreme aversion to permanent loss of capital and that we would not have accepted their money unless we expected to do reasonably well with it.


I stumbled into business management after BPL acquired control of Berkshire in 1965. Later still, in 1969, we decided to dissolve BPL. After yearend, the partnership distributed, pro-rata, all of its cash along with three stocks, the largest by value being BPL’s 70.5% interest in Berkshire.    


英文释义:1.“institutional investors”意为“机构投资者”;“financially sophisticated”意为“精通财务的”;

2.“treat their money”与“treated our own”形成对应;

3.“intuitively”意为“直觉地”、“凭直觉”;“relying on”意为“依靠”;

4.“extreme aversion”意为“极度厌恶”;“permanent loss”意为“永久损失”;

5.“stumbled into”意为“跌跌撞撞地”、“无意间进入”;“acquired control of”意为“取得…的控制权”;

6.“dissolve”意为“解散”;

7.“yearend”意为“年底”、“年终”;“distributed”意为“分配”;“along with”意为“以及”;

8.“the largest by value being”意为“价值最大的是…”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,芒格在1962年建立了自己的合伙公司,运作模式和巴菲特合伙公司一样。巴菲特和芒格的公司都没有机构投资者,他们的合伙人也鲜有精通财务的。大多数人选择加入他们,仅仅是基于对他们的信任,相信他们对待合伙人的钱,会和对待自己的钱一样。


这些个人投资者,要么是凭自己的直觉,要么是听从朋友们的建议,得出正确的结论:巴菲特和芒格极度厌恶资本的永久性损失,除非他们预期能够合理地管理好合伙人的钱,否则他们绝不会接纳。


巴菲特回忆道,1965年巴菲特合伙公司拿下了伯克希尔的控制权,从此他无意间走进了商业管理的世界。随后的1969年,巴菲特关闭了合伙公司。年终的时候,合伙公司等比例地分配现金和三只股票,其中最有价值的当属合伙公司持有的伯克希尔70.5%股权。


读到今天的内容,我其实挺有感触的,这一段是巴菲特在2020年致股东的信里写的。人至暮年,就特别容易怀旧。回想当年,在巴菲特还籍籍无名的时候,很多朋友选择了毫无保留的信任,这将在日后给他们带来不可估量的财富。信任→不辜负信任→更加信任……拥有这样的良性循环,可以说是最美妙的人际关系啦!


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(2023年7月16日)

7

Day38:巴芒人生时间线


巴神原文:Charlie, meanwhile, wound up his operation in 1977. Among the assets he distributed to partners was a major interest in Blue Chip Stamps, a company his partnership, Berkshire and I jointly controlled. Blue Chip was also among the three stocks my partnership had distributed upon its dissolution.


In 1983, Berkshire and Blue Chip merged, thereby expanding Berkshire’s base of registered shareholders from 1900 to 2900. Charlie and I wanted everyone—old, new and prospective shareholders—to be on the same page.


Therefore, the 1983 annual report—up front—laid out Berkshire’s “major business principles.” The first principle began: “Although our form is corporation, our attitude is partnership.” That defined our relationship in 1983; it defines it today. Charlie and I—and our directors as well—believe this dictum will serve Berkshire well for many decades to come.    


英文释义:1.“meanwhile”意为“与此同时”;“wound up”意为“停业”、“解散”;

2.“Blue Chip Stamps”意为“蓝筹印花公司”;“jointly controlled”意为“共同控制的”;

3.“dissolution”意为“解散”;

4.“merged”意为“合并”;“registered shareholders”意为“注册股东”;

5.“prospective”意为“潜在的”;“on the same page”意为“意见一致”、“达成共识”;

6.“up front”意为“前面”;“laid out”意为“列出”;

7.“corporation”与“partnership”形成对应;

8.“dictum”意为“格言”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,在他进入商业管理领域的同时,芒格也在1977年关闭了自己的合伙基金。在分配给合伙人的资产中,以蓝筹印花公司的股权为主。这家公司是由芒格的合伙公司、伯克希尔和巴菲特共同控制的。巴菲特合伙公司解散的时候,蓝筹印花公司也是其分配的三只股票之一。


1983年,蓝筹印花与伯克希尔合并,此举导致伯克希尔登记在册的股东人数从1900人增长至2900人。巴菲特和芒格希望每一个人,包括老股东、新股东以及潜在的股东,都能三观一致,达成共识。


于是,在1983年致股东的信开头,巴菲特就列出了伯克希尔的“主要商业原则”。其中首要的原则就是:“虽然我们是公司制,但我们的态度是合伙制。”这定义了巴菲特和股东们在1983年的关系,直到现在也依然如此。巴菲特和芒格也好,伯克希尔的董事们也好,大家都坚信,秉持这一理念会让伯克希尔在未来数十年间继续运作良好。


我们来捋一捋时间线:1956年,巴菲特开启合伙事业;1959年,巴芒初相遇;1962年,芒格开启合伙事业;1965年,巴菲特控股伯克希尔;1969年,巴菲特关闭合伙公司;1977年,芒格关闭合伙公司……接下来,两人珠联璧合,强强联手,一起缔造了伯克希尔帝国的商业神话。


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(2023年7月17日)

8

Day39:伯克希尔的股东类型(1)


巴神原文:B. Shareholder Quality: Five Buckets


Ownership of Berkshire now resides in five large “buckets”, one occupied by me as a “founder” of sorts. That bucket is certain to empty as the shares I own are annually distributed to various philanthropies.


Two of the remaining four buckets are filled by institutional investors, each handling other people’s money. That, however, is where the similarity between those buckets ends: Their investing procedures could not be more different.


In one institutional bucket are index funds, a large and mushrooming segment of the investment world. These funds simply mimic the index that they track. The favorite of index investors is the S&P 500, of which Berkshire is a component. Index funds, it should be emphasized, own Berkshire shares simply because they are required to do so. They are on automatic pilot, buying and selling only for “weighting” purposes.    


英文释义:1.“buckets”意为“水桶”;“five buckets”引申意为“五种类型”;

2.“resides in”意为“位于”、“存在于”;“founder”意为“创始人”;

3.“annually”意为“一年一度地”;“philanthropies”意为“慈善”;

4.“remaining”意为“剩下的”、“其余的”;

5.“could not be more”意为“不能更…”;“could not be more different”意为“极其不同”、“千差万别”;

6.“index funds”意为“指数基金”;“mushrooming”意为“快速增长的”;“segment”意为“部分”;

7.“mimic”意为“模仿”;“track”意为“追踪”;

8.“component”意为“成分股”;

9.“automatic pilot”意为“自动驾驶员”;“weighting”意为“衡量权重”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,伯克希尔的所有者大致可以划分为五种类型。其一是巴菲特本人,也就是伯克希尔的创始股东。由于巴菲特每年都会向多家慈善组织捐出自己所持的伯克希尔股份,所以这一类在将来会不复存在。


剩下的四种类型,有两种是机构投资者,他们都是打理客户的财富。不过,二者之间的相似之处,也仅此而已。论投资流程的话,二者可以说是千差万别。


其中一类机构投资者是指数基金,在投资的世界里,它的规模庞大且增长迅速。指数基金要做的,仅仅是模仿它们所追踪的指数。指数基金投资者的最爱是标普500指数,伯克希尔就是其成分股。要强调的是,指数基金仅仅是被动持有伯克希尔的股票。指数基金是自动运作的,它买卖股票仅仅是出于权重的考虑。


还有三类是什么样的投资者呢?为了给大家留点消化的时间,我们且听下回分解。


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(2023年7月18日)

9

Day40:伯克希尔的股东类型(2)


巴神原文:In the other institutional bucket are professionals who manage their clients’ money, whether those funds belong to wealthy individuals, universities, pensioners or whomever. These professional managers have a mandate to move funds from one investment to another based on their judgment as to valuation and prospects. That is an honorable, though difficult, occupation.


We are happy to work for this “active” group, while they meanwhile search for a better place to deploy the funds of their clientele. Some managers, to be sure, have a long-term focus and trade very infrequently. Others use computers employing algorithms that may direct the purchase or sale of shares in a nanosecond. Some professional investors will come and go based upon their macro-economic judgments.


Our fourth bucket consists of individual shareholders who operate in a manner similar to the active institutional managers I’ve just described. These owners, understandably, think of their Berkshire shares as a possible source of funds when they see another investment that excites them. We have no quarrel with that attitude, which is similar to the way we look at some of the equities we own at Berkshire.


英文释义:1.“professionals”意为“专业人士”;“clients”意为“客户”;“pensioners”意为“养老金领取者”;“whomever”意为“无论谁”;

2.“mandate”意为“授权”;“as to”意为“关于”;

3.“honorable”意为“荣耀的”;“occupation”意为“职业”;

4.“deploy”意为“部署”;“clientele”意为“客户”;

5.“algorithms”意为“算法”;“nanosecond”意为“纳秒”、“十亿分之一秒”;

6.“understandably”意为“可以理解的是”;

7.“no quarrel with”意为“无异议”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,除了指数基金以外,还有一类主动管理型的机构投资者。这些基金管理人打理的是客户的钱,包括但不限于富有的个人投资者、大学、养老金领取者或其他任何人。这些专业的管理人,有权根据他们对公司估值或企业前景的判断,把资金从一项投资转移到另一项投资中。这是一份很有挑战但使命光荣的职业。


巴菲特说自己非常乐意为这个“活跃”的群体工作。与此同时,这些基金管理人也在为他们的客户寻找更合适的资金安放之处。可以肯定的是,有些管理人是长期主义者,交易也很少;有些管理人依靠算法,指导数以纳秒计的买进和卖出交易;还有些管理人依靠他们对宏观经济的判断,来决定在股市的去留。


第四种类型的股东,是一些个人投资者,他们跟上述那些活跃的机构投资者行为方式类似。可以理解的是,当这类个人投资者看到其他具有吸引力的投资机会时,会把伯克希尔股票当成资金来源。巴菲特对此没有任何异议,因为他在伯克希尔,对待一些股票也是类似的做法。


巴菲特说的这一段,我认为体现了他极好的修养。比如说,他没有鄙薄基金管理人是拿着客户的钱在投资,他也没有对依靠宏观经济做投资的那群人嗤之以鼻,他只是很客观地描述了事实,而没有做任何主观上的评判。不让自己显得有“优越感”,照顾别人的心理感受,让别人觉得舒服,其实是非常重要的一种能力。


那么,最后一种类型的股东是什么样的呢?欲知后事如何,且听下回分解。


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(2023年7月19日)

10

Day41:伯克希尔的股东类型(3)


巴神原文:All of that said, Charlie and I would be less than human if we did not feel a special kinship with our fifth bucket: the million-plus individual investors who simply trust us to represent their interests, whatever the future may bring. They have joined us with no intent to leave, adopting a mindset similar to that held by our original partners. Indeed, many investors from our partnership years, and/or their descendants, remain substantial owners of Berkshire.


A prototype of those veterans is Stan Truhlsen, a cheerful and generous Omaha ophthalmologist as well as personal friend, who turned 100 on November 13, 2020. In 1959, Stan, along with 10 other young Omaha doctors, formed a partnership with me. The docs creatively labeled their venture Emdee, Ltd. Annually, they joined my wife and me for a celebratory dinner at our home.


When our partnership distributed its Berkshire shares in 1969, all of the doctors kept the stock they received. They may not have known the ins and outs of investing or accounting, but they did know that at Berkshire they would be treated as partners.


Two of Stan’s comrades from Emdee are now in their high-90s and continue to hold Berkshire shares. This group’s startling durability – along with the fact that Charlie and I are 97 and 90, respectively – serves up an interesting question: Could it be that Berkshire ownership fosters longevity?


英文释义:1.“less than human”意为“没有人性”、“不配为人”;“kinship”意为“亲切感”;

2.“no intent to”意为“无意于”;“adopting”意为“采用”;“mindset”意为“心态”;

3.“descendants”意为“后裔”;“substantial”意为“大量的”;

4.“prototype”意为“典型”、“原型”;“veterans”意为“老手”;“cheerful”意为“令人愉快的”;“ophthalmologist”意为“眼科医生”;“as well as”意为“以及”;

5.“docs”意为“医生”;“labeled”意为“把…称作…”;

6.“celebratory dinner”意为“庆祝晚宴”;

7.“ins and outs”意为“底细”、“来龙去脉”;

8.“comrades”意为“同志”、“同事”;

9.“startling durability”意为“惊人的耐力”;“respectively”意为“分别”、“各自”;“serves up”意为“提出”;

10.“fosters”意为“促进”;“longevity”意为“长寿”。


投资解读:巴菲特讲,第五类股东正是数以百万计的个人投资者,他们仅仅是相信巴菲特会代表他们的利益,不论将来会发生什么。巴菲特说,如果他和芒格对这些投资者没有特殊的亲切感的话,那简直就不配为人了。这些投资者加入伯克希尔,就没有再想过离开,就像巴菲特早期的合伙人一样。确实有很多投资者,从巴菲特合伙公司时期就紧随巴菲特,他们或他们的子孙后代,现在仍然持有大量的伯克希尔股票。


斯坦·特鲁尔森就是这些老伙计中的典型代表。斯坦是奥马哈一位慷慨的、令人愉悦的眼科医生,和巴菲特私交甚笃。2020年11月13日,是斯坦的100岁生日。1959年,斯坦和其他10位年轻的奥马哈医生一起,携手巴菲特成立了一家合伙公司。这些医生创造性地将合伙公司命名为“Emdee”。此后,他们每年都会来一次巴菲特家里,和巴菲特夫妇共进庆祝晚餐。


1969年巴菲特合伙公司分配伯克希尔股票时,所有的医生都选择继续持有他们收到的股票。虽然他们并不清楚投资和会计的来龙去脉,但他们知道,在伯克希尔,他们会被巴菲特视为合伙人。


斯坦当年在“Emdee”的两位伙伴,现在也都九十多岁了,目前还持有着伯克希尔的股票。考虑到巴菲特已经90岁,芒格已经97岁,这个群体展现出了惊人的持久性。这也提出了一个有意思的问题:作为伯克希尔的股东,是否会促进长寿?


写到这里,巴菲特和合伙人/股东的这种“鱼水情”,再次让我的心头泛起深深的感动。巴菲特是幸运的,他在早年还籍籍无名的时候,就获得了那么多人毫无保留的信任;以斯坦为代表的早期投资人也是幸运的,虽然他们不懂投资,但却获得了常人难以企及的财务回报。这种人际关系的良性循环,令人神往。


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(2023年7月20日)

11

本期奖品

 

奖品一:冠亚手写南唐后主词(四份)

奖品二:嘉禾《投资者一生的机会》

冠亚说

经过大家的共同努力,目前我在雪球“2023年度十大新锐用户”评选中,已经获得了4291票,暂居第一。非常感谢大家!

投票时间已经过半,从目前的情况看,入围“十大新锐用户”应该问题不大,就看能不能一直保持第一的位置啦!不过,有大家的支持,我相信问题也不大。

投票会一直持续到11月16日,大家每天都可以投我一票。提请有的朋友注意:你要点到“十大新锐用户”(注意,不是“十大影响力用户”)界面,直接拉到最后一位就是我,用的是真名。

说句心里话,通过这次投票,我也感受到了我们这个小圈子的“团结”。与大家这样一群既优秀又热心的朋友们厮混在一起,是我的荣幸。

大家可以点击文末“阅读原文”或识别下图二维码给我投票。荣誉是属于大家的,获奖后我会第一时间跟大家分享,也会尽快兑现立的两大Flag!再次感谢大家!

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