中级美国英语 第6课：助动词 could

第6课：助动词 could

一.本课要点及示例:

在这一课里, 我们要学习助动词 could, c-o-u-l-d, could 和两个助动词短语 would like to, w-o-u-l-d l-i-k-e t-o, would like to 跟 ought¹ to, o-u-g-h-t t-o, ought to. 我们也要学习用连接词 because, b-e-c-a-u-s-e, because 作句子.首先我还是请两位英文老师给你念一段对话,内容是说亨利跟他的同事南希聊天的情况. 我请英文老师先用自然速度念一遍, 请你注意听英文老师的发音和声调.

M: Hello, Nancy! Where were you yesterday? 
F: I didn't come in because I was sick. 
M: You still look a little sick. You ought to go back to bed. 
F: I'm going home now. 
M: Did you drive today? 
F: No, I don't have a car. 
M: I can take you home. Would you like a ride? 
F: Yes, I'll appreciate² it very much. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? I need to buy some aspirin³.

好, 现在我请英文老师再把刚才那段对话用慢速度念一遍, 请你注意听:

M: Hello, Nancy! Where were you yesterday? 
F: I didn't come in because I was sick. 
M: You still look a little sick. You ought to go back to bed. 
F: I'm going home now. 
M: Did you drive today? 
F: No, I don't have a car. 
M: I can take you home. Would you like a ride? 
F: Yes, I'll appreciate it very much. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? I need to buy some aspirin.

在刚才那段对话里, 有几个句子用了我们今天要学的语法, 也就是 could, would like to, ought to 跟 because 的用法, 现在我请英文老师把这几个句子念出来给你听.

F: I didn't come in because I was sick. 
M: You ought to go back to bed. 
M: Would you like a ride? 
F: Could you stop at the drugstore on the way?

二.助动词Could

好了, 现在我们来作练习. 首先我们学习助动词 could 的用法. 这个字是 can,c-a-n, can 的过去式, 是用来表示过去有能力作一件事. 不过这个字还有另外一个用法, 就是可以用在问句里表示客气地提出请求. 比方有一句话: "我没有车,你能开车送我吗?" 用英文可以这样说: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride? 好, 现在我们来练习这种用法. 由老师念一些句子, 内容都是说南希病了, 她客气地请人帮忙. 每个句子我们念两遍, 请你听一遍, 跟着重复一遍.

M: I don't feel well. Could you help me? 
F: I don't feel well. Could you help me? 
M: I am sick. Could you take me to a doctor? 
F: I am sick. Could you take me to a doctor? 
M: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride? 
F: I don't have a car. Could you give me a ride? 
M: I need to buy some medicine. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? 
F: I need to buy some medicine. Could you stop at the drugstore on the way? 
M: I need to take the medicine. Could you give me a glass of water? 
F: I need to take the medicine. Could you give me a glass of water?

下面我们来作换字练习.由老师念一个句子,比方: "我能借你的字典吗?" Could I borrow your dictionary? 然后老师给你一个新词组, 比方: 用你的电话 use your telephone, 请你把新词组代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句就请你听正确答案.好, 现在我们开始.

M: Could I borrow your dictionary? 
M: use your telephone 
F: Could I use your telephone? 
M: read your newspaper 
F: Could I read your newspaper? 
M: take you home 
F: Could I take you home? 
M: see you tomorrow 
F: Could I see you tomorrow? 
M: talk to you later 
F: Could I talk to you later?

三.词组Would like to

现在我们来学另外一种客气话, 也就是 would like to. 

这个词组就是 "要" want to, w-a-n-t t-o, want to 的意思, 不过比较客气.

面我们要作一组练习. 

由老师念两个句子, 第一个句子用 want to, 第二个句子用的是 would like to. 

这两句话意思一样.

M: Nancy wants to see a doctor. 
F: Nancy would like to see a doctor. 
M: Henry wants to watch television. 
F: Henry would like to watch television. 
M: Kate wants to buy a sweater. 
F: Kate would like to buy a sweater. 
M: Susan wants to visit her cousins. 
F: Susan would like to visit her cousins. 
M: Peter wants to become a sport star. 
F: Peter would like to become a sport star. 
M: Mary wants to have a weekly⁴ allowance⁵. 
F: Mary would like to have a weekly allowance.

刚才我们学习了怎么用客气话 would like' to 作陈述句, 下面我们看一看怎么用这个词组作问句. 

比方有一句话: "你要做一个打字员吗?" 英文可以这么说: Would you like to be a typist⁶? 

另外一句话: "你要做市政府工作人员吗?" 英文可以这么说: Would you like to be a city worker? 好, 现在我们来作换字练习. 

老师先念一个句子, 接着老师念一个新词组, 请你把新词组代换进去. 作完之后, 请你注意听正确答案.

M: Would you like to be a typist? 
M: be a city worker 
F: Would you like to be a city worker? 
M: sing in a concert 
F: Would you like to sing in a concert? 
M: live near the university 
F: Would you like to live near the university? 
M: sit next to the window 
F: Would you like to sit next to the window? 
M: take two suitcases to New York 
F: Would you like to take two suitcases to New York?

下面我们换一个方式作练习. 

老师用 would you like to 作一个问句, 比方: "你要作一个救火员吗?" Would you like to be a fire fighter? 

然后你会听到老师说 Yes或是 No, 请你根据你所听到的回答问题. 

如果是肯定的, 就用 would 回答, 是否定的就用 would not, 也就是 wouldn't 回答. 

作了答案之后, 请你听正确答案.

M: Would you like to be a fire fighter? 
M: Yes 
F: Yes, I would like to be a fire fighter. 
M: Would you like to buy this record? 
M: No 
F: No, I wouldn't like to buy this record. 
M: Would you like to have a glass of milk? 
M: No 
F: No, I wouldn't like to have a glass of milk. 
M: Would you like to live near the factory? 
M: No 
F: No, I wouldn't like to live near the factory. 
M: Would you like to play football this Friday? 
M: Yes 
F: Yes, I would like to play football this Friday.

四.词组Ought to

下面我们来学一个新词组 ought to. 这个词组的意思等于我们以前学过的助动词 should, s-h-o-u-l-d, should, 意思就是劝人应该作某一件事.比方有一句话: "你应该在银行停一下", 英文可以这样说: You should stop at the bank. 也可以这样说: You ought to stop at the bank. 现在我们来作练习. 由老师先用 should 作一个句子,请学生用 ought to 代替. 请你在学生念句子的时候跟着重复. 现在我们开始:

M: Nancy should see a doctor. 
F: Nancy ought to see a doctor. 
M: Kate should stop at the bank. 
F: Kate ought to stop at the bank. 
M: Henry should get in shape again. 
F: Henry ought to get in shape again. 
M: Peter should take out the garbage. 
F: Peter ought to take out the garbage. 
M: Linda should save some of her weekly allowance. 
F: Linda ought to save some of her weekly allowance. 
M: Mary should clean up her room. 
F: Mary ought to clean up her room.

五.连接词 Because

好了, 现在我们来学这一课要教的最后一个语法, 也就是连接词because "因为"的用法. 要是有人问你: "为什么人们给市政府工作呢?" Why do people work for city governments? 你可以这样回答: 因为市政府工作人员退休时候有不少退休金. Because city workers get a good pension⁷ when they retire⁸. 
下面这组练习, 是由老师根据这一课开头那段说到南希生病的对话提出几个问题, 请学生用 because 来回答问题. 请你注意听.

M: Why does Nancy have to go home? 
F: She has to go home because she needs to rest. 
M: Why should Nancy go back to bed? 
F: She should go back to bed because she is sick. 
M: Why does Nancy have to stop at the drugstore? 
F: She has to stop because she wants to buy some aspirin. 
M: Why doesn't Nancy drive to work? 
F: She doesn't drive to work because she doesn't have a car.

下面这组练习是由老师提出一个问题. 接着他再念一个短句, 请你用 because 跟这个短句来回答问题. 在你回答之后请你注意听正确答案. 好, 现在我们就开始:

M: Why do you study English? 
M: It's useful. 
F: I study English because it's useful. 
M: Why is he listening to radio? 
M: There is a good program. 
F: He is listening to radio because there is a good program. 
M: Why can't we play tennis now? 
M: It's raining. 
F: We can't because it's raining. 
M: Why didn't she go to the party with us? 
M: She had to work. 
F: She didn't because she had to work.

六.听短文回答问题

今天要听的文章是说到亨利和南希都是市政府工作人员, 谈到了他们两个人工作的性质. 请你注意听:

Many Americans work for city governments. There are office workers, fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers. Most city workers might not earn a lot of money but when they retire they get a good pension. Henry and Nancy are employees⁹ of the city of Seattle. He is a fire fighter. He is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift¹⁰ he eats and sleeps at the firehouse because the fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm¹¹. Nancy is a typist in Henry's office. She works¹² from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. She works five days a week, Monday through Friday. Her job is to type reports of fire.

等一下我们还会把刚才那段文章用慢速度再念一遍. 现在我们先把今天要测验的三个问题用慢速度念一遍给你听.

第一个问题是: 
M: What are some of the city government jobs?

第二个问题是: 
M: Why do people work for city governments?

最后一个问题是: 
M: When does Nancy work?

刚才那三个问题你都听懂了吗? 等一会儿我们还会再念一遍给你听. 现在请你先听老师用慢速度再把刚才那段文章念一次.

Many Americans work for city governments. There are office workers, fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers. Most city workers might not earn a lot of money but when they retire they get a good pension. Henry and Nancy are employees of the city of Seattle. He is a fire fighter. He is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift he eats and sleeps at the firehouse because the fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm. Nancy is a typist in Henry's office. She works from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. She works five days a week, Monday through Friday. Her job is to type reports of fire.

好, 现在请你回答今天测验的三个问题. 在你回答问题之后, 请听老师给你念正确的答案.

第一个问题是: 
M: What are some of the city government jobs? 
F: Fire fighters, police officers and public school teachers are some of the city
government jobs.

第二个问题是: 
M: Why do people work for city governments? 
F: People work for city governments because they get a good pension when they retire.

最后一个问题是: 
M: When does Nancy work? 
F: Nancy works from 9 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, five days a week,Monday through Friday.

1 ought
v.aux.应该，大概；n.责任
参考例句：
Ought I to hand in the homework today?我应当在今天交上作业吗？ They ought to be here by now.他们这个时候该到了。

2 appreciate
vt.欣赏，感激，赏识；vt.领会，充分意识；vi.增值
参考例句：
I really appreciate the danger of this job.我真的认识到了这份工作的危险。 I appreciate your help very much.我非常感谢你的帮助。

3 aspirin
n.阿司匹林
参考例句：
The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。 She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。

4 Weekly
n.周刊，周报；adj.每周的，一周一次的，周刊的；adv.每周，一周一次；
参考例句：
Are you paid weekly or monthly?你拿周薪还是月薪？ He writes a weekly letter to his parents.他每周给父母写一封信。

5 allowance
n.津贴，补贴，零用钱
参考例句：
My monthly allowance is 50 yuan.我每月的津贴是50元。 I have to work to earn my allowance.我非得工作挣零用钱。

6 typist
n.打字员
参考例句：
Place the girl as a typist.让这个女孩做打字员吧。 She worked as a typist in a law firm.她在一家律师事务所当打字员。

7 pension
n.退休金，年金，抚恤金；v.发给退休金
参考例句：
The country provided a pension to the old person.国家给老人们提供养老金。 She went to the company to draw her pension.她去公司领退休金。

8 retire
vi.引退，退役，退休，退隐，退去，撤退，退却，离开；vt.撤退，辞退；n.隐居，撤退号
参考例句：
Next year his father will retire and take things easy.明年他父亲就要退休而过闲适的生活了。 When I retire,I shall make my home in the country.退休后我将在乡间安家。

9 employees
n.雇工，雇员( employee的名词复数 )
参考例句：
She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. 她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。 The company has a strict dress code—all male employees are expected to wear suits. 公司有严格的着装规定—所有男职员都要穿西服。

10 shift
n.交换，变化，移动，接班者；vt.更替，移转，变声；vi.改变，定责，更衣
参考例句：
Lend me a hand to shift this box,will you?来帮一下忙，把这箱子搬开，好吗？ A sudden shift in the wind warned of the coming storm.风向的突然改变预示暴风雨来临。

11 alarm
n.惊慌，恐慌；警报器；v.使……恐慌
参考例句：
The man on duty rang an alarm.值班员发出警报。 The alarm spread rapidly.警报迅速传开。

12 works
n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件
参考例句：
We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。 The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

还没听够看够？关注本公众号（漂泊者乐园微信公众号），定期收听收查看各种精彩内容。跑步入场还不晚哦。

（学习交流微信：littleflute）

特别说明：

A. 如果您想收听全部中级美国英语内容，有两种方法:

(1) 在漂泊者乐园微信公众号回复：zjmgyy 。

(2）点击左下角的 阅读原文 。

B. 本平台（漂泊者乐园微信公众号）会不定期推送各种各样的在线资源，为了不错过收听查看机会，建议广大亲朋好友们关注本公众号（漂泊者乐园微信公众号）。

C. 本平台（漂泊者乐园微信公众号）主要推送以下几类资讯：

（1）各种英语学习资料。

（2）各种音乐学习资料。

（3）各种中国象棋学习资料。

（4）各种计算机学习资料。

（5）各种电子图书。

（6）各种MP3,MP4等音像资源。

D. 本平台（漂泊者乐园微信公众号）诚招合作者。有意者请联系 微信：littleflute。